Исследовательская работа на тему «Экология и безопасность в современном мире на примере родного региона»
статья по английскому языку (11 класс)

«Экология и безопасность в современном мире

на примере родного региона»

Автор: Халикова А. Ф.

Научный руководитель:  Каюмова Г. И.,  

ГБПОУ Уфимский профессиональный колледж Имени Героя Советского Союза Султана Бикеева

The modern world is a world full of various technologies and it is impossible to imagine it without the development of science and technology, without introducing technological innovations, but the rapid increase in the role of science and technology as a factor of social transformations actualizes a complex range of ideological, socio-ethical and other problems.  Of course, first of all, a person inflicts damage to himself by bringing a permanent and catastrophic impact on nature to achieve his goals.

 Fortunately, people began to solve these problems, creating a variety of programs to preserve the ecological situation in the world.  It is environmental issues that are currently being given special attention by the public, scientists, and politicians.  This is explained by the fact that everything that affects nature directly affects a person, affects our health, mood, and even success.

The research purpose: to study the causes of the emergence of environmental problems of the Republic of Bashkortostan, find out the existing solutions and suggest ways out of this situation. According to purpose the following main tasks were solved:  

1) To define the concept and reveal the essence of the environmental problem.

2) Consider the causes, factors of environmental degradation.

Subject of the study: environmental problems of the Republic of Bashkortostan.  The scope of the study is analysis and ways to solve environmental problems of the Republic of Bashkortostan.

Environmental problem is a change in the natural environment, leading to a violation of the structure and functioning of nature. Perhaps, both anthropogenic and natural disasters, but we decided to look at the example of environmental pollution, affecting all environments of the terrestrial sphere: the atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere [2].

 The global environmental crisis is approaching: change, climate, degradation of the biosphere, imbalance of water, water sources, increase in waste, huge amounts of non-recyclable garbage (plastic bags and bottles), soil pollution, increased pollution with various gases, particulate matter and mist-like compounds of atmospheric air.  Climate instability (floods, storms, hurricanes) make sacrifices, destruction of infrastructure, damage, and therefore deterioration of living conditions and quality of life, diseases caused by environmental pollution [1].  

The Republic of Bashkortostan is one of the developed industrial regions of the Russian Federation.  The concentration of industrial production here is significantly higher than all-Russian indicators, especially in terms of the location of oil refineries and chemicals.  By volume of industrial production, the Republic of Bashkortostan today ranks fifth in the Russian Federation.  

This is undoubtedly a good indicator for the republic and Russia as a whole in terms of the economy. But after all, the likelihood of emergencies of a natural nature is very high due to the modernization of the industry, that is, the fact that there are more than 3000 industrial enterprises and organizations in the republic whose production activity leads to emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere [4].

The main feature of the republic’s ecology over the next 5-10 years will be a decrease in the share of pollution that industry gives, and an increase in the share of pollution from utilities and vehicles.  The actual problem will be the problem of pollution of water sources with sewage of utility systems, pollution from road transport and waste.  The problem of wastewater treatment can be solved by reconstructing and expanding the third stage of urban sewage facilities with financial support from federal authorities [5].

Nowadays, more and more attention is paid to environmental safety, which has become an important component of the national security of the republic.  To prevent pollution, the following solutions can be proposed: update of outdated equipment at industrial enterprises and vehicles; reduction of water consumption and discharge of pollutants into the rivers of the republics; use of modern waste treatment systems at enterprises; pay great attention to the preservation of water protection and protective functions of forests, the preservation and reproduction of flora and fauna, and the prevention of air pollution; greening cities, reducing deforestation and reforestation; establish systematic control over the use by enterprises and organizations of land, water, forests, mineral resources and other natural resources;  to increase attention to the issues of preventing pollution surface and groundwater [3].

Therefore, to prevent and reduce the level of environmental pollution and depletion of natural resources, it is necessary to widely introduce resource-saving technologies. The state of the environment leaves much to be desired, therefore environmental safety is very important.  All efforts will continue to be in vain if environmental safety is not ensured on time. We hope that over time, due to the introduction of new technologies for cleaning industrial waste and livelihoods, as well as more rational use of natural resources, most of the environmental problems of the cities of the Republic of Bashkortostan will be resolved.

1.  Bobrov A.JI.  Sustainable development and environmental economics. - M.: 2012. - 245 p.

2. Gerasimov A.B.  Ecological safety of modern Russia: provision policy.- M.: 2008. - 177 p.

3. Gosteva S.S., Gosteva S.R., Lopatina S.A.  State policy in the field of ecology and environmental protection.  - M .: Evroshkola, 2014. – 207p.

4. Lagunova A.I.  The structure of the ecological safety of Bashkortostan.  - Krasnoyarsk, 2013. - 185 p.

5. Mirkin B.M., Naumova L.G. Ecology of Bashkortostan. – Ufa, 1999. -145 p.