Презентация к уроку английского языка на тему "Великобритания. Уэльс." (8 класс)
презентация к уроку по английскому языку (8 класс)

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Wales Habitants. History. Traditions. Geography.

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Wales is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain . It is bordered by England to the east, the Irish Sea to the north and west, and the Bristol Channel to the south.

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It had a population of about 3 millions and has a total area of 20,779 km2. The capital of Wales is Cardiff. The country lies within the north temperate zone and has a changeable, maritime climate.

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Wales has over 2,700 km of coastline. Wales is largely mountainous, with its higher peaks in the north and central areas. Snowdon is the highest mountain in Wales, at an elevation of 1,085 metres above sea level, and the highest point in the British Isles outside the Scottish Highlands.

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The Flag of Wales incorporates the red dragon of Prince Cadwalader along with the Tudor colours of green and white . The red dragon was then included in the Tudor royal arms to signify their Welsh descent. It was officially recognised as the Welsh national flag in 1959 . On its creation the Union Jack incorporated the flags of the kingdoms of Scotland, of Ireland and the Cross of St. George which then represented the Kingdom of England and Wales.

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Welsh patron saint is St. David Saint David was a Welsh bishop of Mynyw (now St Davids ) during the 6th century. He is the patron saint of Wales. David was a native of Wales.

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Welsh symbols The leek is the national emblem of Wales. According to legend the patron saint of Wales, Saint David, ordered his Welsh soldiers to identify themselves by wearing the leek on their helmets in an ancient battle against the Saxons that took place in a leek field. The daffodil is the national flower worn on St David's Day (1 March) in Wales. The red kite is sometimes named as the national symbol of wildlife in Wales.

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Welsh Language The Welsh Language Act 1993 and the Government of Wales Act 1998 provide that the English and Welsh languages be treated on a basis of equality, and both are used as working languages within the National Assembly. English is spoken by almost all people in Wales and is the main language in most of the country. Northern and western Wales retain many areas where Welsh is spoken as a first language by the majority of the population, and English learnt as a second language. The 2011 Census showed 562,016 people, 19.0% of the Welsh population, were able to speak Welsh.

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History Wales has been inhabited by modern humans for at least 29,000 years. Continuous human habitation dates from the end of the last ice age, between 12,000 and 10,000 years before present (BP), when Mesolithic hunter-gatherers from central Europe began to migrate to Great Britain The Roman conquest of Wales began in AD 48 and took 30 years to complete. Roman rule lasted over 300 years. Roman rule in Wales was a military occupation. The only town in Wales founded by the Romans, is Caerwent . Wales had a rich mineral wealth. The Romans used their engineering technology to extract large amounts of gold, copper and lead, as well as modest amounts of some other metals such as zinc and silver.

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History In the post-Roman period, a number of kingdoms appeared on the territory of Wales. And although the most powerful ruler was recognized king of the Britons (later the Prince of Wales), and some rulers extended their control over the other lands of Wales and western England, no one could unite Wales for a long time. The internecine wars and pressure from the Anglo-Saxon and then Norman conquerors weakened Wales, and the Welsh kingdoms gradually fell under the influence of England. In 1282, after the death of the last independent ruler of Wales, Llywelyn ap Griffida , the country was conquered by the English king Edward I. After that, the title of Prince of Wales began to be assigned to the crown prince of the English royal house.

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The Investiture of Prince of Wales The Investiture of Prince of Wales is the ceremony making the formal creation of the title of Prince of wales, similar to a coronation. A similar ceremony was also held in 1969 for Queen Elizabeth II's son and heir, Prince Charles. The tradition of investing the heir apparent of the English, and subsequently the British, monarch with the title of "Prince of Wales" began in 1301, when King Edward I of England, having completed the conquest of Wales, gave the title to his heir apparent, Prince Edward (later King Edward II of England).

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Cultures and Traditions Wales is often referred to as "the land of song“, and is notable for its harpists, male choirs, and solo artists. The principal Welsh festival of music and poetry is the annual National Eisteddfod. The Llangollen International Eisteddfod echoes the National Eisteddfod but provides an opportunity for the singers and musicians of the world to perform. Traditional music and dance in Wales is supported by many societies. The Welsh Folk Song Society has published a number of collections of songs and tunes

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National Foods Cawl is regarded as the Welsh national dish. It is a slow-cooked meat and vegetable broth. The Welsh have their own versions of pancakes, Crempog's (sometimes called ffroes ) are considerably thick. They are traditionally layered on top of each other to form a large cake. Glamorgan sausage is a traditional Welsh vegetarian sausage for which the main ingredients are cheese, leeks and breadcrumbs.

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National Foods The traditional Welsh costume is a costume once worn by rural women in Wales. It was identified as being different from that worn by the rural women of England by many of the English visitors who toured Wales during the late 18th and early 19th centuries

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Sport Although football has traditionally been the more popular sport in north Wales, rugby union is seen as a symbol of Welsh identity and an expression of national consciousness. The rules of the game are quite difficult. A team consists of fifteen players. The game is played with egg-shaped ball.

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Sport The Wales national rugby union team takes part in the annual Six Nations Championship and has also competed in every Rugby World Cup, hosting the tournament in 1999. The five professional sides that replaced the traditional club sides in major competitions in 2003 were replaced in 2004 by the four regions: Cardiff Blues, Dragons, Ospreys and Scarlets .