Литература эпохи Просвещения. Жизнь и творчество Роберта Бернса
презентация к уроку по английскому языку

Слайд 1

Слайд 2

Tobias Smollette to hail - приветствовать Robert Fergusson liberal - свободомыслящий Alexander Pope to blot – пятнать, бесчестить Henry Fielding overthrow – побеждать, низвергать Richard Sheridan gory – кровопролитный, окровавленный Jean Armour woe – горе, скорбь Ayrshire foe - враг Alloway lassie - девушка Dumfries Beethoven reason – разум by force of reason – силой разума Vice – зло to speak in defence of – выступать в защиту кого-либо valour – доблесть worth – достоинство roe – косуля strath – широкая горная долина с протекающей по ней рекой

Слайд 3

English Literature of the 17 th -18 th Centuries The Enlightenment The 17 th and 18 th centuries are known in the history of European culture as the period of Enlightenment. The central problem of the Enlightenment ideology was that of man and his nature. The Enlighteners believed in reason as well as in man’s inborn goodness. Vice in people, they thought, was due to the miserable living conditions which could be changed by force of reason. They considered it their duty to enlighten people, to help them see the roots of evil. The Enlighteners also believed in the powerful educational value of art. The Enlightenment – the period in the 18 th century when many writers and scientists began to argue that science and reason were more important than religion and tradition.

Слайд 4

The English Enlighteners were not unanimous in their views. Some of them spoke in defence of the existing order, considering that a few reforms were enough to improve it. These were: Daniel Defoe and Alexander Pope.

Слайд 5

The other group included the writers who openly protested against the social order. They were Henry Fielding, Richard Sheridan and Robert Burns.

Слайд 6

Robert Burns, the great poet of the Scotch people, was born on the 25 th of January 1759 in a small clay-built cottage at Alloway, Ayrshire.

Слайд 8

His father, William Burns, was a poor farmer, but a man who valued knowledge. It was from his father that Robert received his learning and his love for learning and his love for books. His mother, Agnes Burns (Broun), had a beautiful voice and taught Robert old Scottish songs and ballads which he later turned into his best poems.

Слайд 9

Robert Burns was fond of reading. He read whatever he could lay his hands on. His favourite writers were William Shakespeare, Tobias Smollette and Robert Fergusson, a talented Scottish poet (1750-1774). Burns devoted many verses to Fergusson.

Слайд 10

At the age of fifteen Burns wrote his first verses. Very soon his poems became popular among his friends and acquaintances. In 1785 he met a girl Jean Armour, who became the great love of all his life and inspirer of his numerous lyrical verses. Jean had a wonderful voice and knew a lot of old melodies to which Burns composed his songs. In 1786 Burns decided to sail for Jamaica in the hope to find a job on some sugar plantation. In 1786 the poet published his first book under the title of “Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect”. The book was a great success. He was invited to Edinburgh. Later he returned to his native village with money enough to buy a farm and marry Jean Armour, his “Bonnie Jean”. In 1791 he went bankrupt and had to sell the farm. He became a customs officer in the town of Dumfries. The work was hard, and it destroyed the poet’s health. On 21 July 1796, at the age of 37, Robert Burns died in poverty. He died of heart disease. His body rests in a Mausoleum in Dumfries.

Слайд 11

Robert Burns’s poetry was inspired by his deep love for his motherland, for its history and folklore. His beautiful poem My Heart’s in the Highlands , full of vivid colourful descriptions, is a hymn to the beauty of Scotland’s nature and to its glorious past. He admires the green valleys, ”mountains high cover’d with snow, and wild hanging woods”. He calls his country “the birthplace of valour, the country of worth” Burns’s Literary Work

Слайд 12

My Heart’s in the Highlands My heart’s in the Highlands, my heart is not here My heart’s in the Highlands a-chasing the deer, A-chasing the wild deer and following the roe – My heart’s in the Highlands, wherever I go! Farewell to the Highlands, farewell to the North, The birthplace of valour, the country worth! Wherever I wander, wherever I rove, The hills of the Highlands for ever I love Farewell to the mountains high cover’d with snow, Farewell to the straths and green valleys bellow, Farewell to the forests and wild-hanging woods, Farewell to the torrents and loud-pouring floods! Adieu for a while, I can never forget thee, The land of my father’s, the soul of the free, I sigh for the hour that shall bid me retrace The path of my childhood, my own native place. My heart’s in the Highlands, my heart is not here My heart’s in the Highlands a-chasing the deer, A-chasing the wild deer and following the roe – My heart’s in the Highlands, wherever I go!

Слайд 1

Слайд 2

Burns is inspired by deep love for Scotland, its history and folklore. Adress to Edinburg is a hymn to the common Scottish people: The sons, Edina, social kind, With open arms the strangers hail; Their views enlag’d their lib’ral mind. Above the narrow rural vale; Attentive still to sorrow’s wail, Or modest merit’s silent claim: And never may their sources fail! And never envy blot their name!

Слайд 3

Burns’s poetry is closely connected with the national struggle of the Scottish people for their liberation from English oppression, the struggle that had been going on in Scotland for many centuries. His favourite national hero is William Wallace (1270-1305), the leader of the uprising against the English oppressors. The Scottish people led by Wallace and Robert Bruce (1274-1329), King of Scotland, overthrew the English army in the battle at Bannockburn in 1314 and secured Scottish independence. Bruce at Bannockburn is one of the best poems by Burns. It is the poet’s call to his people to keep up the freedom-loving spirit of their fathers. Scots, who have with Wallace bled, Lay the proud usurpers low! Scots, whom Bruce has often led, Tyrants fall in every foe! welcome to your gory bed, Liberty’s in every blow!- Or to victory! Let us do, or die! ……………………… .. By oppression’s woes and pains! By your sons in servile chains! We will drain our dearest veins, But they shall be free!

Слайд 4

Burns was a remarkable lyric poet. In his lyrical poems and songs Burns glorifies true love and friendship. Of A’ the Airts the Wind Can Blow Западный ветер Of a’ the airts the wind can blaw, Из всех ветров, какие есть I dearly like the West, Мне западный милей. For there the bonnie lassie lives, Он о тебе приносит весть, The lassie I lo’e best; О девушке моей. There wild woods grow, and rivers row, Леса шумят, ручьи журчат And mony a hill between; В тиши твоих долин. But day and night, my fancy’s flight И, как ручьи, мечты мои Is ever wi’ my Jean. К тебе стремятся Джин. I see her in the dewy flowers, Тебя напоминает мне I see her sweet and fair; В полях цветок любой. I hear her in the tunefu’ birds, И лес в вечерней тишине I hear her charm the air; Заворожен тобой. There’s not a bonnie flower that springs Бубенчик ландыша в росе, By fountain, shaw, or green, Да и не он один, There’s not a bonnie bird that sings А все цветы и птицы все But minds me o’ my Jean. Поют о милой Джин.

Слайд 5

A lot of his lyrics he devoted to his sweetheart Jean Armour. Among them is Oh, My Love Is Like a Red, Red Rose. O, my love is like a red, red rose, That’s newly sprung in June; O my Love’s like the melody That’s sweetly played in tune. As fair art thou, my bonny lass, So deep in love am I, And I will love thee still, my dear, Till all the seas go dry. Till all the seas go dry, my dear, And the rocks melt with the sun! And will love thee still, my dear, While the sands of life shall run. And fare thee well, my only love, And fare thee well a while! And I will come again, my love, Though it were ten thousand mile!

Слайд 6

Любовь Любовь, как роза, роза красная, Цветет в моем саду. Любовь моя - как песенка, С которой в путь иду. Сильнее красоты твоей Моя любовь одна Она с тобой, пока моря Не высохнут до дна. Не высохнут моря, мой друг, Не рушится гранит, Не остановится песок, А он, как жизнь, бежит… Будь счастлива, моя любовь, Прощай и не грусти. Вернусь к тебе, хоть целый свет Пришлось бы мне пройти!

Слайд 7

Many of Burns’s lyrical poems have been put to music and are sung by all English-speaking people. One of them is Auld Lang Syne , a beautiful song of brotherhood and friendship. Auld Lang Syne Should auld acquaintance be forgot, And surely ye’ll be pint-stowp, And never brought to mind? And surely I’ll be mine; Should auld acquaintance be forgot, And we’ll take a cup o’ kindness yet And days of auld lang syne! For auld lang syne! Chorus For auld lang syne, my dear, For auld lang syne, We’ll take a cup of kindness yet For auld lang syne! And there’s a hand, my trusty fiere, And gie ‘s a hand o’ thine, And we’ll take a right guid-willie waught For auld lang syne.

Слайд 8

Забыть ли старую любовь За дружбу старую – И не грустить о ней? До дна! Забыть ли старую любовь За счастье прежних дней! И дружбу прежних дней? С тобой мы выпьем, старина, За дружбу старую – За счастье прежних дней. До дна! За счастье прежних дней! И вот с тобой сошлись мы вновь. С тобой мы выпьем, старина, Твоя рука - в моей. За счастье прежних дней. Я пью за старую любовь, Побольше кружки приготовь За дружбу прежних дней! И доверху налей. Мы пьем за старую любовь, За дружбу старую – За дружбу прежних дней. До дна! За счастье прежних дней! С тобой мы выпьем, старина, За счастье прежних дней.

Слайд 9

The name of Burns is very dear to all English-speaking nations because the source of his poetry was the folklore and the songs of his people whose true son he was. In our country Robert Burns is widely known, loved and sung. One of the best translations of Burns’s poetry was Samuel Marshak who successfully preserved the music of the original Scottish dialect. Burns’s songs are the soul of music and it is not surprising that Beethoven, Schumann, Mendelsohn, and others composed music to the poet’s verses. Russian composers have also set many of Burns’s verses to music. Among the best is the cycle of songs by Georgy Sviridov. Tunes to Burns’s songs have been successfully written also by Nikolai Myaskovsky, Dmitry Shostakovich and others. Burns’s verses are a constant everliving source of inspiration for composers in all countries. Now Robert Burns is considered the national poet of Scotland, and January 25 – the date of his birth – is always celebrated by Scotsmen.

Слайд 10

Dumfries: Mausoleum. Monument. Burns’s House

Слайд 2

Questions and tasks Give the definition to the term “Enlightenment”. What are the main themes of Burn’s poetry? What poem is closely connected with the national struggle of the Scottish people for their liberation from English oppression? What are Burns’s lyric poems? Who was one of the best translators of Burns’s poetry in Russia? What composers set many of Burns’s verses to music?

Слайд 3

Burns’s poetry is bone of the bone and flesh of the flesh of the Scottish people. The great poet drew his inspiration from the treasury of Scotch folk-lore and his poems in their turn became the people’s property.