Stonehenge
презентация к уроку по английскому языку (6 класс) по теме

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Stonehenge is the most famous prehistoric monument in Britain. It is located in the middle of Salisbury Plain, to the northwest of Southampton.

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Even now, nearly 4000 years after it was built, large numbers of tourists come to see it, especially on June 21. When the sun rises immediately over the Hell Stone of circle and casts its shadow on the Altar Stone in the middle.

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Stonehenge

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It was started about 2700 B.C. by the late Neolithic people. Then Some around 2000 B.C. the Baker people continued to build it. Stonehange was built at various stages and finished at about 1500 B.C.

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Later a double semicircle of Bluestones was put up. At about 2000 B.C. the Bluestones were removed, and two double circles were built.

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The lintel Stones (horizontal ones) wer e raised and put into posi tion over the two vertica l st ones

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It was used: i. as temple to the sun ii. As a calendar iii. For astronomical measurements

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At one time, people thought that Stonehange was a Druid temple

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Druids

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There were many beliefs and superstitions concerning Midsummer and Stonehenge, often to do with happenings in the future. Bright yellow flower, rather like little sun, which blooms around 24 th June, and is called St. John’s Wort. It was considered to have magical properties of driving away the evil spirit. Midsummer

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Midsummer

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William Shakespeare wrote a play called A Midsummer Night’s Dream. Midsummer

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Stonehenge Legends There are probably hundreds of myths and legends about Stonehenge. Various people have attributed the building of this great megalith to the Danes, Romans, Saxons, Greeks, Atlanteans, Egyptians, Phoenicians, Celts.

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According to one of this legends the devil built it in one single night. He flew backwards and forwards between Ireland and Salisbury Plain carrying the stones one by one, and putting them in place.

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The stone which the devil threw is known as the “heel stone”. It steel can be seen standing by the side of the road and it really has the form of the heel of a shoe.

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References Atcinson , R J C, Stonehenge (Penguin Books, 1956) Bender, B, Stonehenge: Making Space (Berg Publishers, 1998) Burl , A, Prehistoric Stone Circles (Shire, 2001) (In Burl's Stonehenge (Constable, 2006), he notes, cf. the meaning of the name in paragraph two above, that "the Saxons called the ring 'the hanging stones', as though they were gibbets.") Chippendale, C, Stonehenge Complete (Thames and Hudson, London, 2004) ISBN 0500284679 Chippindale, C, et al, Who owns Stonehenge? (B T Batsford Ltd, 1990) Cleal, R. M. J., Walker, K. E. & Montague, R., Stonehenge in its Landscape (English Heritage, London, 1995) Cunliffe, B, & Renfrew, C, Science and Stonehenge (The British Academy 92, Oxford University Press, 1997) Hall, R, Leather, K, & Dobson, G, Stonehenge Aotearoa (Awa Press, 2005) Hawley, Lt-Col W, The Excavations at Stonehenge. (The Antiquaries Journal 1, Oxford University Press, 19-41). 1921.

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Hawley, Lt-Col W, Second Report on the Excavations at Stonehenge. (The Antiquaries Journal 2, Oxford University Press, 1922) Hawley, Lt-Col W, Third Report on the Excavations at Stonehenge. (The Antiquaries Journal 3, Oxford University Press, 1923) Hawley, Lt-Col W, Fourth Report on the Excavations at Stonehenge. (The Antiquaries Journal 4, Oxford University Press, 1923) Hawley, Lt-Col W, Report on the Excavations at Stonehenge during the season of 1923. (The Antiquaries Journal 5, Oxford University Press, 1925) Hawley, Lt-Col W, Report on the Excavations at Stonehenge during the season of 1924. (The Antiquaries Journal 6, Oxford University Press, 1926) Hawley, Lt-Col W, Report on the Excavations at Stonehenge during 1925 and 1926. (The Antiquaries Journal 8, Oxford University Press, 1928) Hutton R , From Universal Bond to Public Free For All (British Archaeology 83, 2005) Mooney, J, Encyclopedia of the Bizarre (Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers, 2002) Newall, R S, Stonehenge, Wiltshire -Ancient monuments and historic buildings- (Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1959 )

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North, J, Stonehenge: Ritual Origins and Astronomy (HarperCollins, 1997) Pitts, M, Hengeworld (Arrow, London, 2001) Pitts, M W, On the Road to Stonehenge: Report on Investigations beside the A344 in 1968, 1979 and 1980 (Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 48, 1982) Richards, J , English Heritage Book of Stonehenge (B T Batsford Ltd, 1991) Richards, J Stonehenge: A History in Photographs (English Heritage, London, 2004) Stone, J F S, Wessex Before the Celts (Frederick A Praeger Publishers, 1958) Worthington, A, Stonehenge: Celebration and Subversion (Alternative Albion, 2004) English Heritage: Stonehenge: Historical Background