Tower Bridge
методическая разработка по английскому языку (8 класс) по теме

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Presentation was prepared by Karapetyan Alina Levaevna Tower Bridge

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Tower Bridge London has many attractions. One of them - the Tower Bridge. Tower Bridge - the swing bridge in the center of London on the River Thames, near the Tower of London. Sometimes it is confused with the London Bridge, located upstream. It was opened in 1894. Is also one of the symbols of London and Britain.

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History In the second half of the XIX century because of increased equestrian and pedestrian traffic in the port area in the East End was a question about the construction of a new river crossing east of "London Bridge." Laid in 1870, Tower Subway tunnel as Metro served for a short time and eventually came to be used only for pedestrian traffic. In 1876, a committee was formed to develop solutions for the current problem. Competition was held, which was granted more than 50 projects. Only in 1884 was declared the winner and the decision to build the bridge proposed by a member of the jury of Mr. Jones. After his death in 1887, the building was headed by John Wolfe-Barry. Construction work began June 21, 1886 and lasted for 8 years. June 30, 1894 the bridge was inaugurated by the Prince of Wales, Edward and his wife Princess Alexandra. In the near future pedestrian bridge gallery acquired "glory" gathering place for pickpockets. For this reason, in 1910 the galleries were closed. They just re-opened in 1982 and used as a museum and an observation deck.

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The bridge was designed by Horace Jones , he is a swing bridge 244 m long with two set at the intermediate support tower height of 65 m central span between towers , length 61 m , divided into two lifting wings , for the passage of vessels can be raised at an angle of 83 ° . Each of the more than tysyachetonnyh wing is equipped with a counterweight , minimizing the required effort and allow to dissolve the bridge in one minute . In the motion span is driven by hydraulic system , initially the water , with a working pressure of 50 bar (750 psi ). Water is pumped by two steam engines with total capacity of 360 hp . The system was manufactured by «W. G. Armstrong Mitchell ». In 1974, the system has been fully updated - Oil Hydraulics has an electric drive . Pedestrian bridge structure for the possibility of crossing the bridge even during a divorce span . For this purpose , in addition to ordinary sidewalks , located on the edge of the carriageway , in the middle portion were constructed pedestrian walkway linking the tower at a height of 44 meters . To get to the gallery could be the stairs located inside the towers . Since 1982, the gallery is used as a museum and an observation deck . Only for the construction of the towers and pedestrian galleries took more than 11 thousand tons of steel . To better protect metal structures from corrosion , the towers were covered with stone , the architectural style of the structure is defined as the Gothic . Full cost of construction amounted to 1,184,000 pounds . Design

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