Модуль по стандартам третьего поколения с теорией и практикой
учебно-методическое пособие по английскому языку (5 класс) по теме

 1.  Фонетический материал

- основные звуки  английского  

                   языка

                       Транскрипция

1. Напишите звуки русского языка соответствующие следующим звукам:

-

2. основные способы написания слов на основе знания правил

           ПРАВИЛА  ЧТЕНИЯ

Грамматический материал:

- простые нераспространенные предложения с глагольным, составным именным и составным глагольным сказуемым (с инфинитивом);

I.The Simple Sentence. Parts of the Simple Sentence

Как и в русском языке, в английском выделяют пять членов предложения: подлежащее, сказуемое (главные), дополнение, определение, обстоятельство (второстепенные). Позиция подлежащего всегда заполнена.

В отличие от русского, в английском языке порядок слов в предложении фиксированный.

Эта схема может варьироваться: обстоятельство может находиться перед подлежащим, подлежащее и дополнение могут           

осложняться определением. При этом, второстепенные члены предложения, находящиеся перед подлежащим, будут занимать нулевую позицию (0).

Рассмотрите расположение членов предложения на примере следующих предложений:

My friend studies English at University.

Usually students of extra-mural department go to University to take their exams twice a year.

Понимание смысла предложения зависит от понимания его синтаксической структуры. Анализ предложения всегда нужно начинать с выделения основы, точнее, со сказуемого, а подлежащее всегда находится слева от него. Формальными признаками сказуемого часто могут быть вспомогательные глаголы, которые находятся слева от смыслового глагола: is, am, are, was, were, shall, will, have, has, had, do, did, does, been, being, а также окончания смыслового глагола: -(e)s, -ed, -ing. А также модальные глаголы: can, could, must, may, might, ought, shall, will, should, would.

1Прочитайте следующие предложения, найдите по признакам сказуемое, подлежащее, дополнение, обстоятельство и переведите их.  

1. Everybody was looking at the dancing girl.
2. My parents want to buy a new car instead of flying to Egypt.
3. Paris is a fantastic city.
4. It was raining all day yesterday.
5. Look! It is snowing.
6. They married just a few months ago.
7. Suddenly an elegant elderly lady wearing a black suit came into the room.
8. After ten years of severe heart disease a successful operation was made to the President.
9. My mother-in-law is getting to be unbearable.
10. They wish to make sure that he does not alter his plans.

II.Глагол to be в Present, Past и Future Simple имеет следующие формы:

В вопросительных предложениях глагол to be ставится перед подлежащим:

Are they students?                       Они студенты?

Where were you yesterday?        Где вы были вчера?

В отрицательной форме после глагола to be ставится отрицание not:

They are not in the library.     Они не в библиотеке

Глагол   “to have”

Глагол to have в Present, Past и Future Simple имеет следующие формы:

     Вопросительные  предложения с  глаголом  to have образуются двумя способами:

1) путем постановки глагола  to have перед подлежащим:

Have you a dictionary?               У вас есть словарь?

       2) с помощью вспомогательного глагола to do :

Do you have a dictionary?            У вас есть словарь?

  Отрицательная форма     также образуется двумя способами:

1) с помощью отрицательного местоимения  no перед существительным:

 I have no  dictionary.                  У меня нет словаря.

2. с помощью вспомогательного глагола to do и частицы not

I do not have a dictionary.          У меня нет словаря.

1.  Заполните пропуски соответствующей формой глагола to be.

Перепишите предложения на русский язык.

  1. Не … a student now.  2. They …  students last year. 3. Next year he … here, now he … in the Far East. 4. I …ill yesterday, but now I … quite well. 5. His flat … in the centre of our city. 6. My sister … a teacher .of English. 7. The flat in this house … very comfortable. 8. I … very busy tomorrow, but now I … free. 9. He … rather smart. 10. We … very glad to see you.                    

2. Следующие предложения сделайте вопросительными и отрицательными.

1. My friend is a correspondence student. 

2. She was at the Institute yesterday.                     

3. We shall be busy tomorrow.

3. Заполните пропуски соответствующей формой глагола to have. Переведите предложении на русский язык.        

1. He … two little brothers, and he always helps them in their work. 2. Yesterday he … very little time and could not finish his work. 3. We … much free time tomorrow morning. 4. My friend … a large library. 5. We went to the concert yesterday and … a good time there. 6. My parents … a comfortable flat now. 7. Tomorrow we … a meeting at the Institute. 8. The children always … dinner at one o'clock.

4.Выберете нужную форму «to be».

1. They ______ nice rabbits.
2. I ______ a pupil.

3. He ______ brave and strong.
4. It ______ a nice song.
5. You ____ doctors.

5.Составить предложения

1. aunt / my / table tennis / play / to / likes

2. like / does / not / Hob / play / to / tennis.

3. you / play / can / basketball?

4. cow / your / is / brown?

5. like /I/ to / ride / a big wheel / on.

III.Безличные предложение.

В отличие от русского языка, которому свойственно наличие безличных предложений,

Например: Весна. Тепло. Воскресенье.

 В английском предложении обязательно должно быть подлежащее и сказуемое. В тех случаях, когда на русском предложении нет глагола, при переводе на английский язык, как правило, употребляется глагол to be в соответствующей форме:

 Я – студент. – I am student.

Это ручка. – This is a pen.

При переводе на английский язык безличных предложений в качестве подлежащего выступает местоимение it:

Тепло. -  It is warm.

Весна. – It is spring.

Воскресенье. –It is Sunday.

Обратите внимание на то, что в английском языке слова rain и snow могут быть как существительными («дождь» и «снег»), так и глаголами, которым нет аналогов в русском языке:

Идет снег. – It rains.

Идет дождь. – It snow

1.а) Переведите на русский язык:

1. It is very convenient to get to the university by tram.

2. It is important to understand the problem.

3. It often snows in winter.

4. It is great to see you again.

5. It is comfortable to live in a detached house.

2. Определите безличные предложения .

1. It is my room. 2. It is the shortest month of the year. 3. It is warmer today than it was yesterday. 4. Is it necessary to go there? 5. It’s a fine day today. 6. It’s a pleasure to walk to the forest on such a day. 7. It is difficult to study French. 8. It is my pen. 9. It is important not to miss classes. 10. Is it hot in summer?

3. Употребите формы  it is или there is/ are  в следующих предложениях.

1. … a  gas-stove in the kitchen. 2. … a gas-stove. 3. … fine today. 4. … an underground station near my house. 5. … nearly 11 o’clock. 6. … a light in the window. Somebody must be at home. 7. … no place like home.

ПОВЕЛИТЕЛЬНОЕ НАКЛОНЕНИЕ.

(THE IMPERATIVE MOOD)

1.УЧЕБНЫЙ МАТЕРИАЛ

Повелительное наклонение выражает просьбу, приказание, совет,  побуждение к действию. Простая его форма(обращение к 2-му лицу единственного и множественного числа) совпадает с формой инфинитива без частицы  to:

Define the value of angle   b.    Определите величину угла  b.  

Be careful                                   Будь (те) осторожны

Отрицательная форма образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to do и отрицания   not,  которые ставятся перед глаголом в форме инфинитива без частицы  to.

Do not (Don’t) heat the water in the vessel.  Не нагревай (те)  воду в этом сосуде.

Когда побуждение к действию относится ко всем остальным лицам, употребляется глагол let  в повелительном наклонении, за которым следует существительное в общем падеже или личное местоимение в объектном падеже ( me, him, her, it, us, them)  и смысловой глагол в форме инфинитива без частицы to. Сочетания такого типа переводятся на русский язык при помощи слов пусть, давай(те), позволь (те) в зависимости от лица:

Let the students take part in this research work. – Пусть студенты примут участие в этой исследовательской работе.            

1.Поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках в повелительное наклонение. Предложения переведите.

1.( to define) and ( to explain) the terms of this equation. 2. ( to draw) a line and (to divide) it into three equal parts. 3. (not to change) the speed of the motor motion. 4. (to present) your paper in time. 5. (not to begin) your experiment now. It’s already late.

2.Переведите предложения на русский язык. Обращайте внимание на артикли.

1.Test the net. 2. Let us test the nets. 3. Let them test nets! 4. Shift   the desk. 5. Let me shift the desk. 6. Let her fix the tent! 7. Let     me help you! 8. Let us help her!

3.Перепишите и переведите предложения со сказуемым в повелительном наклонении.

1.Check the plans of the students! 2. Check the test! 3. Fix the tent! 4. Let us fix the tent! 5. Shift the block! 6. Let him shift the block! 7. Block the net! 8. Lift the box! 9. Let us risk! 10. Plan tests! 11. Test plans! 12. Help the chemist! 13. Let us help to lift the block! 14. Let him help to plan the text! 15. Let us help him to shift the boxes! 16. Plan the help! 17. Help him (to) plan the test

Лексический материал по теме.

Текст1

ABOUT MYSELF

My name is … I’m seventeen years old. I live in Volokolamsk ( … )

I’m not very tall (tall, short) and thin (not very thin, rather fat). My face is oval (round, square). I have a fair (dark) complexion. My eyes are blue (black, grey), my hair is blond (dark, chestnut),  straight (curly) and long (short, not very long).

I left school this year and entered to the  collage. I’m a first year student now and I’m going to be a lawer(….). My future specialty is … (Russian and Literature, History, Physics, Mathematics …). I’m eager to get the proper education to be able to do my best to become a good specialist.

I live with my family. It is large (small) and very good. We love each other very much. I like the evenings, when all the members of our family get together after wоrk and study and  have the  opportunity to talk TV, to read books and newspapers. I have some free time, we go for walks, discuss books or films, play talk about different things. We are fond of sport. We like swimming (play tennis, football) and often go to the swimming pool (tennis court, stadium) together

.Текст2

My friend

1My name is Mike. I have many friends. But my best friend is Peter. He is twenty. Now he is a student of a college. Peter studies hard and wants to become a good specialist. Especially he is interested in computers. He often helps me with my English lessons and I’m grateful to him for that.

2Now I want to tell you about his appearance. He is rather tall and strong. He has an oval face, straight nose, dark-brown hair, blue eyes and a nice smile. People find him good-looking.

Peter goes in for sports. He plays football and basketball well. His basketball team is very popular at the college.

3We made friends with Peter when he and his family moved to our house. We have very much in common: we like the same music, we both like reading. In general my friend is a very interesting person: he is intelligent and well-read. Peter has a great sense of humor and I like to spend my free time with him.

1Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. Who is my best friend?
2. Where does he study?
3. What kind of sport does he like?
4. How does he look like?

2Прочитайте третий абзац текста и данный ниже вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите правильный.

When did  Mike and Peter make friends?

1. When Peter came to Mike’s school, the boys made friends.
2. When Peter’s family moved to Mike’s house, the boys made friends.
3. When Mike’s family moved to Peter’s house, the boys made friends.  

3Выпишите из текста два предложения, в одном из которых глагол стоит в Present Simple Tense, в другом – в Past Simple Tense.

4Напишите следующие предложения в Past Simple и Future Simple Tense.

1. There is much snow in winter.
2. He knows several foreign languages.
3. I like reading books.

I.СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЕ  -

СУФФИКСЫ ГЛАГОЛА И ОСНОВНЫЕ

СЛОВOОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫЕ ПРЕФИКСЫ

1.УЧЕБНЫЙ МАТЕРИАЛ.

Словоoбразование с помощью  прибавления префиксов (приставок) и суффиксов к основе слов

                         Основные суффиксы глаголов:

  ate     active -  активный                  to activate - активизировать

  ify     electric – электрический        to electrify - электрифицировать

  ize     character -  характер              to characterize -  (о)характеризовать

  en      deep -  глубокий                     to deepen - углублять

                            Основные префиксы (приставки):

1. префиксы с отрицательным значением

Б) префиксы с разными значениями

1. В каждом ряду найдите глаголы.

1. standard, standardize, atom, atomic, atomize;
2. solid, solidify, solidity, solidarity;
3. long, lengthen, length, sick, sicken, chicken;

1. Переведите глаголы, помня, что часто суффикс “-ize” соответствует

 «-изировать»,               «-изовать».

Centralize, agonize, economize, characterize, collectivize, organize, apologize, hypnotize, memorize, militarize, philosophize, sterilize, systematize, theorize, unionize, normalize, revolutionize.

3. Переведите  глаголы с суффиксом “-ate”.

Capitulate, circulate, complicate, concentrate,  compensate,  cultivate, demonstrate, emigrate, articulate,  evacuate, expropriate, formulate.

4. Переведите глаголы с суффиксами-(i)fy”, “-en”.  Каким русским суффиксам они часто соответствуют?

1. to gasify, to falsify, to simplify, to electrify, to modify, to beautify, to satisfy.
2. Thick (плотный)– thicken, red (красный)– redden, dark (темный ) – darken, hard (твердый) – harden, threat (угроза) – threaten, sick (больной) – sicken, deaf (глухой) – deafen, wide(широкий) – widen, weak (слабый) – weaken.

4. Выберите слова с отрицательными приставками.

1. demoralize, dead, democratic, debility, denationalize;
2. industry, inhuman, inglorious, inactive, Indian;
3. imbalance, immobility, imperfect, imitation, improbable;
4. uncle, unable, uncultured, under, unknown, unclean;
5. disqualification, dispute, dissatisfy, disk.

6. Переведите.

Unpleasant, illogical, to degas, to deforest, to depopulate, irrational, non-cooperation, non-stop, non-effective, incoordination, incorrect, to disagree, to discolour, to decentralize,  uncontrollable, uneducated, unemployed.

7. Переведите.

Form-formal-informal-formalize; possible  - possibility - impossible-impossibility; frequent – frequently-infrequently; advantage-disadvantage-advantageous; conduct-conductor-conductive-conductivity; access – accessible – inaccessible -accessibility-inaccessibility; depend-dependent-independent-dependence-independence.

8. Переведите пары слов.

Centre – decentralize; move – immovable; possible – impossibility; agree – disagreement; to believe (верить) – disbeliever; religion – irreligious; human – inhumanity; communicate – incommunicative; literacy (грамотность) – illiteracy; stable – instable; compensate – decompensation.

Грамматический материал

- предложения с оборотом there is/are;

Конструкция there is/there are

Конструкция there is/there are

• Предложение с оборотом There is/there are употребляется, чтобы указать на наличие или отсутствие какого-либо лица (лиц) или предмета (предметов) в определенном месте.
• Предложение с оборотом There is/there are строится следующим образом:

There is/are               подлежащее                   обстоятельство места

There is        a newspaper                on the table                (На столе газета.)

There are                some pencils                on the table.                (На столе несколько

                                                                                карандашей)

Перевод предложений с оборотом there is/are следует начинать с обстоятельства места.

Глагол to be в предложении согласуется с подлежащим, которое следует непосредственно за ним:

1. Если в предложении существительное, которое является подлежащим, стоит в единственном числе или является неисчисляемым, то употребляется оборот there is:

There is a man on the roof.                   На крыше человек.

There is a train at 10.30.                        Поезд в 10.30.

There is a picture on the wall.                 На стене картина.

There is a lot of salt in this soup.         В супе много соли.

2. Если в предложении подлежащее стоит во множественном  числе, то употребляется оборот there are:

There are some big trees in the garden.

There are seven days in a week.                        В неделе 7 дней.

        Отрицательная форма оборота there is/there are образуется при помощи отрицательной частицы not , которая ставиться после глагола to be. В разговорной речи употребляются сокращенные отрицательные формы: there isn't, there aren't.

We can't go skiing. There isn’t any snow.         Мы не можем идти кататься на лыжах. Нет снега.  

There aren’t any books on the table.                    На столе нет книг.

The restaurant is very quiet.                                 В ресторане тихо.

There aren’t many people here.                         Здесь немного людей.

        Для выражения отрицания в предложениях с оборотом there is/there are может также употребляться отрицательное местоимение no. В этом случае артикль не употребляется, а оборот стоит в утвердительной форме.

There is no time for this work.                       Нет времени на эту работу.

There is no book on the table.                        На столе нет книги.

There are no interesting films on TV tonight. Сегодня вечером нет интересного фильма по телевизору.

        В вопросительных предложениях  глагол to be ставится перед словом there:

“Excuse me, is there a hotel near here?” “Yes, there is. /No, there isn’t.

Здесь есть где-нибудь гостиница?

“Are there any letters for me today?” “Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.

Есть письма для меня?

How many players are there in a football team?

Сколько игроков в футбольной команде?

What’s there for supper tonight? Что сегодня на ужин?

How much money is there in your purse?  Сколько денег в твоем кошельке?

        Существительное в единственном числе, следующее за глаголом to be, употребляется с неопределенным артиклем a:

There is a big tree in the garden. В саду большое дерево.

Is there a sofa in your sitting-room? В гостиной есть диван?

        Существительное во множественном числе употребляется или без артикля, или с местоимениями some/any, наречиями much/many/a lot:

Are there many managers in your firm?   В твоей фирме много менеджеров?

Are there any books on the table?            На столе есть какие-нибудь книги?

        Перед неисчисляемым существительным употребляется с местоимениями some/any, наречиями much/a lot:

There is some grass in the garden.     В саду есть трава.

Is there any milk in the fridge?          В холодильнике есть молоко?

There isn’t much snow in the street.   На улице не много снега.

        Если целью предложения является сообщить, что известный предмет (лицо) находится в определенном месте, то предложение начинают с существительного, обозначающего данный предмет (лицо). Существительное употребляется с определенным артиклем the.

        Когда нужно сообщить о том, что в определенном месте находится какой-нибудь предмет (лицо), то предложение начинается с оборота there is/there are.

The telex is on the desk.                 Телекс на столе.

There is a telex on the desk.         На столе телекс.

1.Вставьте где нужно there is, there are или are there, is there:

1. ___ a pen under that book? Yes.
2. What ___ in the corner of the room? ___ a bed.
3. How many chairs in the corridor? ___ four.
4. ___ some water on the floor.
5. ___ many people at the bus stop? No, only one old lady.
6. ___ three bottles of milk outside.
7. ___ some milk in the blue jug.
8. ___ a dictionary in here? Yes, in fact two.

2.Составьте предложения:

1. (a there table is on telegram the)                      
2. (for there any are letters me?)                          
3. (flight there 6.00 is a for at Moscow?)              
4. (lot are a of stars space and planets there in)    
5. (in firm are there new some colleagues my)    
6. (there not is a this university city in)                
7. (are there any sentence this not mistakes in)    

                3. Заполните пропуски конструкцией there is, there are.  

Переведите   предложения на русский язык.

1. …seven faculties at our Institute.
2. … a kitchen and two rooms in my flat.
3. … twenty-five students in our group.

4. Сделайте следующие предложения вопросительными.

1. There are many parks in our city.

2. There was a lecture on literature yesterday.                                          

   3.There will be a new plan tomorrow.          

5.Прочитайте текст, найдите конструкции there is/there are, выпишите их и переведи The Farm

The farm is in the country, it is not in the town. It is a warm day, it is not a cold day. The sun is in the sky. There are some white clouds but they are small and the sky is very blue. There is a mountain not far from the farm, and near the mountain there is a river. There are a few boys in front of the farm. All the boys are in the river except one. He is on the green grass. There are one or two big trees and some small trees on the farm. The small trees are apple trees. There are red apples on the apple trees. These apple trees are in the garden of the farm house. There are a lot of apples on the trees. There are flowers round the door and windows of the farm house. There are a lot of animals on this farm. There are horses in the field near the river. One of the horses is black, the others are brown. In the next field there are some sheep, in the next one there are some pigs, and near to the pigs there are some cows. Some of the cows are brown, others are black and white. All the sheep are white except one. It is black. There is a horse and cart in front of the farm house. There are cabbages and potatoes in the cart. There is a field of yellow corn behind the farm house.

II-Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты

Modal Verbs

Модальные глаголы, в отличие от других глаголов, не обозначают действия или состояния, а указывают на отношение к нему говорящего.

Модальные глаголы выражают способность, возможность, долженствование, необходимость, допустимость и т.д.

Модальные глаголы употребляются в сочетании с инфинитивом смыслового глагола без частицы to (за исключением модальных глаголов ought и to be).

Помимо особого значения, модальные глаголы отличаются от других глаголов еще рядом особенностей:

1. Они не изменяются по лицам и числам (не имеют окончания -s в 3-м лице единственного числа): He can do this work. (Он может выполнить эту работу.)

2. У них нет неличных форм – инфинитива, причастия и герундия.

3. Образуют вопросительную и отрицательную форму без вспомогательного глагола.

I can't play chess.

Я не умею играть в шахматы.

May I take your pen?

Можно взять твою ручку?

Модальные глаголы в сочетании с инфинитивом смыслового глагола образуют в предложении составное глагольное сказуемое.

The teacher must know her students well.

Учитель должен хорошо знать своих учеников.

Общий порядок построения предложений с модальными глаголами

S –subject (подлежащее)

MV – modal verb (модальный глагол)

V - notional verb (смысловой глагол)

Can (Could) be able to

Мы используем модальный глагол can, чтобы выразить умственную или физическую способность кого-либо совершить действие.

Could – прошедшее время глагола can.

1. Вставьте глагол can, could или to be able to:

1. …he understand what you were talking about?
2. My sister…….play tennis now.
3. I……walk when I was less than a year old.
4. …. you tell me what time it is, please? (Polite)
5. My grandfather……walk without any help last night.
6. I would like to…….play the piano.
7. How long have you……drive?
8. I'll……..help you later.
9. Can you help me? I…….never understand this.

2Вставьте may/might/be allowed to:

1. It … rain, you’d better take a coat.
2. He said that it … rain.
3. We … as well stay here till the weather improves.
4. … I borrow your umbrella?
5. Candidates … not bring textbooks into the examination room.
6. He knows our address he … come and see us.
7. … I come in? – Please do.
8. When he was a child he … (they let him) do exactly as he liked.
9. I think I left my glasses in your office. … you ask your secretary to look for them for me?
10. I … never see you again.
11. He … be on the next train.
12. The police … ask a driver to take a breath test.
13. You ought to buy now; prices … go up.
14. We’d better be early; there … be a crowd.
15. You … use my office.
16. You ought to go to his lectures, you … learn something.
17. Two parallel white lines in the middle of the road mean that you … not overtake.
18. Warning: No part of this book … be reproduced without the publisher’s permission.
19. He has refused, but he … change his mind if you asked him again.
20.  … I see your passport, please?

3 Переведите следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на  значение модальных глаголов и их эквивалентов.

1. Much attention must be given to the education and upbringing of children

2. They had to get up at 6 o'clock in the morning.

3.He was very busy yesterday and was not able to finish his work.

4.I can't say that it is easy to combine work-and studies.            

5. We are allowed to take examinations in advance.

6. She was not able to do it better.

7. He was right and I had to agree with him.                            

8. She was not allowed to take this book.

2. Поставьте предложения в вопросительной форме.

1. He can win a great victory.

2. She may ask them about it.

3. I must meet my brother after school.

3. Поставьте предложения в отрицательной форме.

1. I can repair the watch myself.

2. He may select any book on  the shelf.

  3. She must go now.

Сложносочиненное предложение состоит из равноправных простых предложений, не зависящих друг от друга. Простые предложения, входящие в состав сложносочиненного, соединяются сочинительными союзами: and и, а, but но, or или и др. Они обычно отделяются запятой.

Два или несколько простых предложений, как и в русском языке, могут соединяться в сложносочиненное предложение и без союзов. В этом случае между простыми предложениями можно по смыслу вставить союз and и, а. Между предложениями, входящими в состав бессоюзного сложносочиненного предложения, ставится точка с запятой:

1. Переведите бессоюзные дополнительные придаточные предложения. Не забудьте, что в русском сложноподчиненном предложении наличие союза обязательно.

1. Everybody knows Kurchatov was the founder of the atomic might of Russia.

2. It is  known Kurchatov has educated numerous young scientists and engineers in the new field of science – nuclear physics.
3. It was evident the neutron was the key to splitting the atom.
4. Kurchatov understood it was considerably easier to use the nuclear chain reaction for destruction than for the production of energy . He was sure there was a way to control this reaction.
5. We know his great ideas have become immortalized in the broad development of thermonuclear research in our country.

IV-образование и употребление глаголов в Present, Past, Future   Simple/Indefinite

PRESENT, PAST И FUTURE SIMPLE

 (INDEFIMTE) (ACTIVE VOICE)

THE PRESENT INDEFINITE      

                 TENSE

Утвердительная форма: Vs ( speak, speaks [s]; open, opens [z];study,studies [z], watch, watches [iz])
Вопросительная форма        Отрицательная форма

Do you (1, we, they) know English?

You (I, we, they) do not (don't) know English.

Does she (he) live in Moscow?

She (he) does not (doesn't) live in  Moscow

Примечание: V= инфинитив глагола без частицы to. Present Indefinite употребляется для выражения действий, событий, фактов, которые происходят обычно, постоянно, регулярно в настоящем времени часто с наречиями неопределенного времени: always - всегда, as a rule - как правило, sometimes - иногда, usually -обычно, often - часто, seldom - редко и другие, которые, как правило, ставятся перед смысловым глаголом.

Например: I go to work every day.

We are students.

She usually drinks coffee in the morning.

They do not (don't) often go to the theatre.

It does not (doesn't) rain here in spring.

Does she always help you?

THE PAST INDEFINITE TENSE

Утвердительная форма:      Правильные глаголы - V ed (wanted,

                                               studied [id], worked [t], moved [d].
                                              Неправильные глаголы: 2 форма
                                                 глагола (V2)
        (см. таблицу неправильных глаголов).

 I wanted to become a doctor. He moved to Moscow last year. They came a few minutes ago. It happened long ago. The doctor examined him. She did her work very well. They had a difficult test.

Отрицательная форма

Вопросительная форма

I (he, she, it, we, you, they) did not (didn't) arrive in time.

Did I ( he, she, it, we, you, they) arrive in time?

What did you (I, he, she, it, we,
they) do?        

Past Indefinite употребляется для выражения действий, событий и фактов, относящихся к прошлому. Как правило, время действия или указано, или понятно по контексту: Например: She finished medical school in 1998.

Spring came early.

Did you see them in the office?

We had a five minutes' break after the lecture.

When did he finished school?

 Вопросительная  и    отрицательная формы

Например: Shall I study it?

When will you help me?

I shall not (shan't) finish this work tomorrow.

Future Simple употребляется для выражения действий, событий или фактов, относящихся к будущему. Например: The seminar will begin at 10.

•I shall speak to him tomorrow.

The operation will be difficult.

1.  Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах.     

1. My mother lives with us. 2. Next summer we shall go to the country. 3. He graduated from the Institute two years ago. 4.My sister skates well. 5. I saw him yesterday.

2. Поставьте вопросы к подчеркнутым словам.1. She studies at Moscow University. (Where)

2. We came on Sunday. (When)

3. I  usually read newspapers in the morning.

(What).

3. Поставьте глаголы, заключенные в скобках, в Present, Past u Future Indefinite.

1. He (to write) letters on Sunday

2My father (to work) at a plant

а) Поставьте глагол  “to go” в Present Simple, согласуйте его в лице и числе с подлежащим:

б) Какая из следующих форм глаголов   “to go” и  “to listen”  являются  Past Simple?

       в) Поставьте глагол  “to go” в Future Simple, согласуйте его в лице и числе с подлежащим:

4 Выделите сказуемое, определите его время (Simple) и переведите предложения:

1. They listened to the radio in the evening.
2. Our specialists will take part in the construction of a spaceship.
3. The radio broadcasts different kinds of programs.
4. In his childhood he wanted to be a machine-operator.
5. We shall go to this lecture tomorrow.
6. Electricity brought people new conditions of life.

5. Раскройте скобки, поставив сказуемое в нужное время (Simple) по смыслу или по указанию. Согласуйте его с подлежащим.

1. Children (go) to school when they are 7.
2. Past. At ten o’clock the secretary (open) the door.
3. He (enter) the Institute next year.
4. Yesterday at the meeting the rector (speak) of the needs of the Institute.
5. Present. He usually (go) to his office by car.
6. Future. He (cross) the street and (go) to the city park.

ЛЕКСИЧЕСКИЙ МАТЕРИАЛ

          Text1. BIGOTS GET PUBLICITY

Today, the blatant bigot, the leader of a lunatic fringe, and the hate-monger, each with his tiny entourage, find it relatively easy to attract publicity. TV producers and radio executives, seeking for sensationalism, often extend a welcome to such controversial characters. “Yes,” said the host of one of the program, “we invite bigots, but it is only for the purpose of making them look ridiculous by displaying their inane policies to the public.” Some civic minded organizations have answered, however, that the hosts are not always equipped to demolish those guests, and even if they were, the audience would still be exposed to the venom they spew forth.

Suppose a bigot wished to organize a meeting in your neighborhood. Since we cherish freedom of speech, we are loath to deny the request, even if he preaches hatred. As a result they are given opportunity to rent halls, conduct meetings, publish abusive literature, and solicit contributions. What can be done about them? One astute observer, Prof. S.Andhil Fineberg, advocates the “quarantine method.” His plan is to give such groups no publicity and to ignore them completely. Without the warmth of the spotlight, he feels that the bigot will freeze and become ineffectual. Debating with such warped minds is not feasible and only tends to exacerbate the situation.

The quarantine method for handling bigots implies to scrutinize the nefarious activities of hate-mongers and to be prepared to furnish information about them to amicable inquirers. When a rabble-rouser is coming, those organizations should privately expose him to opinion-molders. In addition, constructive efforts should be taken to induce people to involve themselves in projects for improving intergroup relations. Bigger than the vexatious immediate problem is the need to find out the cause for such bigotry and to counteract this sinister malady that afflicts a segment of our society.

New words:

blatant – крикливый, вульгарный

bigot – фанатик, слепой приверженец, изувер

fringe – выходящий за рамки общепринятого

virulent – вредный, полный злобы                nefarious – нечестный, низкий

venom – яд, злоба                                        amicable - дружелюбный

demolish – порицать                                vexatious - досадный

spew – изрыгать                                        sinister - зловещий

inane – глупый, дурной                                malady - болезнь

loath – несклонный                                afflict - причинять страдание

solicit – просить, умолять                        segment - часть

astute – проницательный                        advocates - придерживаться

scrutinize – внимательно рассмотреть        exacerbate – раздражать

Text2. CHEATING

During my first weeks at the new school (I was a new principle) I observed that cheating was rampant. I had always considered it rather inane to cheat on a test because of my code of ethics, and because so much was at stake. Apparently the other students didn’t concur. In fact, even the presence of a proctor did not intimidate them. Far from being a clandestine activity, the cheating was open and obvious.

I determined to do something about the flagrant cheating at our high school. I issued bulletins and began to admonish those teachers who did not proctor alertly. Under duress, the faculty reported the names of the culprits. Several crib sheets were turned in as tangible evidence of the cheating. My inexorable campaign against the wrong-doers seemed to be paying off.

The cheating scandal came to a head when Art Krause, our football captain, made the egregious mistake of getting caught cheating on a midterm exam. If Art were suspended for his part in that sordid affair, our chances for winning the city championship would go up in smoke. The distraught coach asked me (as the principle) to overlook Art’s duplicity, but I replied in an acrimonious fashion that the players had been given “a plethora of athletic instruction but a paucity of moral guidance.”

I summoned a representative group of teachers and student leaders to my office in order to elicit their reactions to the suspension of the football captain. I told them that cheating was a pernicious disease that could not tolerated at our school. I didn’t want to discipline Art Krause so severely, but unless strict measures were taken, the student body would construe the incident as an open invitation to cheat with impunity. “We may lose a football game,” I said, “but we can salvage our self-respect.”

New words:

rampant – сильно распространенный                duplicity - двойственность

ethics – этика, моральный кодекс                        acrimonious - язвительный

inane- дурной, глупый                                        paucity- малое количество

to be at stake- быть поставленным на карту        elicit - извлекать

clandestine’ – секретный, тайный                        pernicious - вредный

flagrant – откровенно плохой                                tolerate - выносить, терпеть

admonish – предупреждать                                construe - истолковывать

duress – силовое воздействие                                impunity - безнаказанность

inexorable – неумолимый, неустанный                culprit - виновный

egregious – грубый, вопиющий

distraught – быть вне себя от гнева (в бешенстве)

proctor – проктор, надзиратель (в университете)

I.Грамматический материал:

- имя существительное: его основные функции в предложении; имена существительные во множественном числе, образованные по правилу, а также исключения.

I.Образуйте форму множественного числа следующих существительных и распределите их по соответствующим колонкам таблицы, учитывая произношение окончаний этих существительных во множественном числе:

Cliff, brush, song, room, bath, spot, pen, rose, record, baby, church, book, fox, meal, room, proof, bridge, potato, boy, mirage, cat, nose, peach, girl, bus, fork, beach, desk, shirt, leaf, class.

2.Какую форму множественного числа вы выберете для следующих существительных:

3.Выпишите из текста существительные во множественном числе, определите их начальную форму (единственное число):

1.Tom’s farm is in the country. 2. There is a farm house with flowers round the door and the windows. 3. There are a lot of animals on the farm.4.  There are horses, cows, sheep, hens and pigs. 5. The man near the door is farmer Tom. 6. His wife is working in the garden, and his two sons are playing in the yard with their dog and four puppies. 7. Tom’s daughter Mary is in the room. 8. She is drawing a picture.        9. There are eight mice and a big cat on the picture.

4Поставьте предложения во множественное число:

1. Is it a flower?
2. This is not a watch.
3. It’s a great party.
4. Is the leaf yellow?
5. The fish is not good.
6. She is a good-looking woman.

II.-артикль: определенный, неопределенный, нулевой. Основные случаи употребления определенного и неопределенного артикля. Употребление существительных без артикля

                                                   Артикли Неопределенный a\an

Определенный артикль the

                                                  Отсутствие артикля

1.Переведите словосочетания:

A poor man, the poor, a rich man, the rich, a sick man, the sick, a blind man, the blind a deaf man, the deaf, a wounded man, the wounded.

2.. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление артиклей:

1. A very large organization employs many managers.

2. Sociology is the systematic study of social behavior and human groups.

3. The most important resources of any organization are its human resources – people.

4. A large bank, borrows and lends money.

5. A college obtains money in the form of tuition.

6. The business Plan is probably the most important document that any company must have.

7. The Internet is a network of networks.

8. Gross Domestic Product or GDP is the amount of money a country makes from goods and services inside the country for a certain period of time, usually for a year.

9. In October production rises.

10. Every company, both in Great Britain and the United States, is required, under the law, to have a company secretary.

3Вставьте артикль, где необходимо:

1. This is ___ tree. ___ tree is green.
2. I can see ___ boy. ___ boy is playing.
3. I have ___ bicycle. ___ bicycle is black.
4. We wrote ___ dictation yesterday. ___ dictation was long.
5. She has ___ ball. ___ ball is ___ big/
6. I got ___ letter. ___ letter was from my ___ friend.

1. 4Вставьте артикль, где необходимо:

1. This is ___ pen. ___ pen is red.
2. I have ____ sister. My sister is ___ student.
3. He is not ___ pilot.
4. Her children are at ___ school.
5. I see ___ book in your ___ hand. Is ___ book interesting?
6. She bought ___ cake. ___ was very tasty/

1. 5Вставьте артикль, где необходимо:

1. It gets very hot here in ___ afternoon.
2.  ___ Archaeological Museum is closed on Monday.
3. Her children are at ___ school.
4. Is your brother at ___ home?
5. Are you ___ worker? – No, I am ___ student.
6. There is ___ big sofa in ___ room and little lamp over ___ sofa.
7. Лексический материал по теме

Текст1 Philip's Working Day

Philip is a student. He studies English. He studies hard. He wakes up at 7 and goes to the bathroom. In the bathroom he washes, shaves and cleans his teeth. Then he dresses. He puts on his suit; shirt and shoes. At 8 he goes to the kitchen. He has breakfast. For breakfast he has tea, bread and butter and bacon and eggs. During breakfast he listens to the radio.After breakfast he puts his books into the bag, puts on his coat and hat and goes to his college. He goes there by bus. He gets to his college at 9.                                      II

When he comes to the college, he takes off his coat and hat and goes to the classroom, He greets his friends and sits down at his desk. He takes his books out of the bag and puts them on the desk. When the teacher comes into the classroom, the students stand up. The lesson begins. At the lesson the students write, read and speak English. They ask questions and answer the teacher's questions.

During the break they play table-tennis or talk about new films, books and sport.After classes Philip goes home. At home he rests and then he has dinner with his mother. For dinner they have soup, meat of fish. After dinner he does his homework. Then he watches TV or reads a book. At 10 he says goodnight to his mother and goes to bed.

Текст2

My day off

1. The last two days of the week are Saturday and Sunday. They are called the weekend. People don’t go to work on weekends. But students and pupils have only one day off. It is Sunday.

2. My name is Jane. Weekend is my favourite time of the week because I don’t go to the college. On Sunday I wake up later than usual. After breakfast I help my mother to clear away the dishes and wash them.

3. On Sunday I usually go shopping. After dinner I do my home- task. In the evening we get together. We have supper, watch TV, read books.

4. Last Sunday my friends and I went to the Zoo. There were many funny animals there. It was very interesting to spend time there.

4. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.

1. What is weekend?
2. What day is the day off for students?
3. When does Jane wake up on Sunday?
4. What does the family do in the evening on weekends?

5. Дайте русские эквиваленты к следующим словам и словосочетаниям, выпишите из текста предложения, в которых они употребляются.

to be called, favourite time, wake up later, to clear away the dishes, to get together, to spend time.

6. Определите, к какой части речи относятся данные слова, подчеркните в них суффиксы. Переведите на русский язык.  

student, later, dinner, funny, interesting.

7. Прочитайте 4 абзац текста и данный ниже вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите правильный.

What did the friends see in the Zoo last Sunday?

1. They saw many monkeys there.
2. They saw many funny animals.
3. They saw a giant elephant.

8. Выпишите из текста два предложения, в одном из которых глагол стоит в Present Simple, в другом – Past Simple Tense.

9. Напишите следующие предложения в Past Simple и Future Simple Tense.

1. I meet my friends in the evening.
2. I go to the baker’s and buy bread.
3. I clear away the dishes.

10. Напишите следующие предложения в отрицательной форме.

1. Tom has dinner at 3 o’clock.
2. I go in for sport.
3. In the evening we read books.

л

Грамматический материал:

- числительныеI.Numerals

В английском языке числительные делятся на количественные и порядковые:

101 — one hundred and one.

375 — three hundred and seventy-five.

269 — two hundred and sixty-nine.

3016 — three thousand and sixteen.

7234 — seven thousand two hundred and thirty-four.

4300981 — four million three hundred thousand and eighty-one.

Fractions and decimals:

1 ¼ — one and a quarter                1.25 — one point two five

1 ½ — one and a half                        1.5 — one point five

1 1/3 — one and a third                1.75 — one point seven five

1 ¾ — one and three quarters                1.33 — one point three three

Percentages:

26 % — twenty-six per cent

More than 50 % is the majority; less than 50 % is the minority

Arithmetic:

+ — addition         6 + 4 = 10 (six plus/and four equals/is ten);

– — subtraction 6 – 4 = 2 (six minus four equals/is two);

× — multiplication 6 × 4 = 24 (six times/multiplied by four equals/is twenty-four);

: — division 4 : 2 = 2 (four divided by two equals/is two).

С днями недели употребляется предлог ON: I saw her on Sunday. AT — со словом weekend: I will go there at the next weekend.

Months: January, February, March, April, October, November, December (названия месяцев начинаются с большой буквы).

Seasons: spring, summer, autumn, winter

С месяцами и временами года используется предлог IN: My birthday is in December, in winter.

Мы можем говорить об отрезках времени, используя следующие выражения:

In the past people didn’t have computers.

People may travel to Mars in the future.

We’ll be with you in a moment. (a very short time)

Ann is in London at the moment. (now)

See you soon! (=in a short time)

We met recently. (= not long ago)

Годы обозначаются количественными числительными:

1800 — eighteen hundred

1907 — nineteen o seven

1966 — nineteen sixty-six

2000 — twenty hundred / two thousand

2005 — two thousand five

Слово year не употребляется после обозначения года, но может употребляться перед ним: in the year nineteen twelve.

Даты обозначаются порядковыми числительными на письме и в чтении: the eleventh of March.

1Запишите эти числа по-английски:

1. 567                              
2. 3 August
3. 969 - 64 - 85 (telephone  number)
4.  (In) 1907
5. 13.07.2007
6.  3,000,000,000
7. 2,359,000                    
8. 7,082
9. 11.06                          
10. 9 May                          
11. 4:1 (the result in a football match)
12. 711 - 02- 26 (telephone  number

2Образуйте порядковые числительные:

20, 7, 14, 40, 15, 6, 16, 60, 18, 80, 9, 19, 90, 100, 103, 705, 1000, 1015.

3Переведите на английский язык:

1. Две тысячи рублей.
2. Тысячи людей.
3. Триста сорок метров.
4. Сотни лет.
5. Тысяча четыреста километров.
6. Двенадцать студентов.
7. Пятьдесят автомобилей.
8. Три четверти часа.
9. 2 1/2 часа.

Контрольные упражнения и тесты

1Ответьте на вопросы и запишите ответы:

1. How many minutes are there in two hours?
2. How many kilometers are there in a mile?
3. What is your normal temperature?
4. How much do you weigh?
5. How many days are there in a year?
6. When were you born?
7. What is your telephone number?
8. What is the number of your flat?

2Запишите ответы:

1) 47 and 34 is___

2) 33 multiplied by 4 is___

3) 45 times 4 is___

4) 314 plus 216 is___

5) 112 minus 45 is___

6) Add 12 and 4, multiply by 8, then subtract 40 and divide by 11. You have got___.

7) 90 divided by 6 is___

8) Divide 66 by 11, multiply by 5, add 20,and subtract 18. You have got___.

3Запишите время словами:

1. 10.15
2. 20.20
3. 17.15
4. 09.45
5. 11.50
6. 22.35
7. 15.55
8. 05.05
9. 18.30
10. 06.4

4Запишите следующие количественные и образуйте их порядковые  числительные:

14, 31, 46, 88, 97, 123, 678, 779, 1050, 384, 2134, 41,425,712, 2, 032, 678, 75, 137.

1.  Пятьдесят килограммов.
2.  Триста автомобилей.
3.  Шестьдесят один грамм.
4.  Два миллиона тонн.
5.  Сотни ящиков.
6.  Тысячи книг.
7.  Двести восемьдесят один доллар.
8.  Три тысячи рублей.
9.  Сорок фунтов.
10.  Тридцать четыре доллара и десять центов.
11.  Сотня велосипедов.
12.  Триста лет.

Test – минимум 9

1. Запишите даты словами:

1. 8/XII.1939
2. 12/IV.2001
3.  2/VIII.1940
4. 6/III.1987    
5. 31/VII.2003
6. 22/VI.1941

Переведите на английский язык:

25 км; 163 тысячи гривен; 90 картин; 200 миллионов людей; 3500 автомобилей; 4 тысячи машин; сотни лет; десятки журналов; тысячи студентов; миллионы людей.

2....Напишите словами количественные числительные и образуйте от них порядковые числительные:

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 11, 12, 14, 15, 21, 25, 28, 30, 33, 42, 50, 57, 63, 72, 84, 96, 111, 132, 153

Форма глагола в Past Simple действительного залога образуется прибавлением к основе правильного глагола суффикса -ed (to start начинать — started начал), а для неправильных глаголов — совпадает со второй формой (to begin начинать — began начал).

III. Определите время сказуемого:  a) Present Simple; b) Past Simple; c) Future Simple:

1. The scientist made lots of experiments.

10. The student will continue research in a laboratory.

11. Students do research at the institute.

12.When did the researcher develop his theory?

13.How does the lecturer explain this complex process?

IV. Выберите соответствующую форму глагола:

14.We … new multipurpose machine tools last week.

a) get; b) gets; c) got; d) will get

15. Next term we … to study two new subjects.

a) begin;  b) begins;  c) began; d) will begin

16. At present our workshop … two kinds of measuring instruments.

a) produce; b) produces; c) produced;  d) will produce

17.   … you work at a plant now?

a) do; b) did; c) does

лексический материал по теме

Text HOW TO KEEP FIT

One must keep fit to do well at the University. One has to get up early to get to the University in time, one has to spend long hours indoors attending lectures and seminars or reading in the library. One has to stay up late getting ready for seminars, writing essays or doing exercises for one’s English class. So, one should be strong and healthy. What are the ways to keep fit?

First of all you must miss no chances of outdoors activities as an antidote to our sedentary lives. Of course, there is your physical training class but that’s definitely not enough. Skating or skiing in winter and swimming in summer must become part of your everyday life. Second, exercise. You must exercise whenever you can – in the morning, after your classes, in the evening. Jogging has become quite popular nowadays and a lot of people run before breakfast. If you’re too busy in the morning, find some time for it in the evening. Third, regular meals are a must if you want to keep fit. Try to avoid going without any food for hours. Some students actually live on sandwiches. Remember that an apple, a glass of milk or just a raw carrot that you brought from home is a better snack than sandwiches or coffee. Forth, and this is very important, smoking is something you must give up for good if you want to keep fit.

There is nothing new on all this. It’s everything your mother told you, but sometimes you didn’t listen. The key word is everything. You must work on everything at once – exercise, diet, health habits. These are basic principles. Try to build in at least a few routines that will last, something you’ll do every day from now on.

And besides, some astonishing new discoveries about the effect of exercise on the central nervous system were made recently by medical experts. Last year a team of doctors did a series of tests on some of the competitors in a race. It was discovered that during the exercise a morphine-like substance is released into the blood stream.

If this theory is correct and exercise can be used as a way of elevating the mind, creative artists should take note as their type of work can often result in long periods of mental exhaustion.

Laurence Olivier, the actor, did weightlifting for an hour before he went on stage because he felt it enabled him to give a better performance. Edna O’Brien, the Irish novelist, enjoys yoga and running. She believes that any exercise that moves the body must also move the brain!

Грамматический материал:- образование и употребление глаголов в Present, Past, Future Simple/Indefinite.

1.Раскройте скобки, используя правильную форму глагола:

1. My friends (live) in the US.
2. Vicki (watch) a lot of television.
3. Carol (teach) Spanish.
4. We (use) the Internet at work.
5. My Dad (read) the newspaper every day.
6. Kevin (work) for a big company.
7. I really (like) football.

2.Выберите правильную форму глагола:

1. Jane don’t/doesn’t eat meat, but she eat/eats fish.
2. Tom like/likes rock music, but he doesn’t/don’t like rap and he hate/hates jazz.
3. “Do/Does your Mom like/likes shopping?”
4. “Yes, she does/do. She love/loves it.”
5. Ricardo come/comes from Argentina.
6. Janet work/works for a French bank, but she doesn’t speak/speaks French at work – she speak/speaks English all the time.
7. “Do/Does you play football?” - “No, I doesn’t/don’t. But I watch/watches it on TV.”
8. Sue teach/teaches English at a language school, but she doesn’t likes/like her job.

3.Сделайте предложения отрицательными:

1. Fred plays tennis.
2. Tony works for a German company.
3. They speak Chinese.
4. Monica lives with her parents.
5. My parents like rock music.
6. My dog likes cats.
7. John teaches Italian.

4.Поставьте вопросы к выделенным словам:

1. She gets up at seven. What time_______?
2. They live in San Francisco. Where__________?
3. Tom travels to Europe every month. How often_______?
4. They get home at about eight. What time_______?
5. Rachel has lunch in a small cafe near her office. Where__________?

5.Выберите правильную форму глагола:

1. What time do/does you get/gets up in the morning?
2. My dog always sleep/sleeps in my bedroom.
3. My husband don’t/doesn’t usually start work before nine.
4. After college I don’t/doesn’t usually go/goes home.
5. Do/Does you have/has dinner at home every night?
6. My Dad finish/finishes work at about six.
7. Do/Does your sister work/works on Saturdays?
8. When do/does they usually have/has lunch?

1. 6.Выберите правильную форму глагола to be (was/wasn’t или were/weren’t):

1. He was/were born in Texas.
2. Rachel wasn’t/weren’t happy at elementary school.
3. His father was/were a mechanic.
4. They was/were always noisy.
5. My sister was/were a quiet child.
6. My favorite food was/were ice-cream.
7. I was/were good at math.
8. My brothers was/were good at sports but I wasn’t/weren’t.
9. There was/were 4.4 billion people in the world in 1980.
10. My best friend at school was/were Jim.

 7.Сделайте предложения отрицательными:

1. I knew the answer.
2. He left his passport at home.
3. They were at home.
4. It rained all weekend.
5. I got up at eight.
6. My girlfriend gave me a wonderful present.
7. He was in Rome last week.
8. We had a lot of time.
9. I went to a disco last night.
10. She came back from Turkey two days ago.

8.Исправьте ошибки:

1. How much sugar you bought?
2. Steve didn’t liked the film.
3. Did they went to Greece?
4. She not lived in Canada.
5. Did you found your money?
6. I didn’t had breakfast this morning.
7. Did you slept well?

Контрольные упражнения и тесты

1Вставьте на место пробела did, was или were:

1. What ___ your favorite subject at school?
2. When ___ did you learn to read?
3. Where ___ you born?
4. When ___ you start school?
5. ___ you like school?
6. Where ___ you live when you ___ a child?
7. Who ___ your first teacher?

2Поставьте слова таким образом, чтобы получилось вопросительное предложение:

1. last night/What/on TV/was ?
2. was/your grandmother’s name/ your/What ?
3. for class/were/late/Why/ you ?
4. were/Where/from/they?
5. at college/ Was/yesterday/Alex ?
6. job/was/What/his ?

3.Сделайте предложения отрицательными:

1. I got home late last night.
2. They lived in Mexico.
3. He worked for a computer company.
4. I stayed in a hotel.
5. She was born in Moscow.
6. We had a good time at the party.
7. They left a week ago.
8. Tom was very angry.

4.Поставьте слова таким образом, чтобы получилось вопросительное предложение:

1. Christina/swimming/Did/go ?
2. they/did/Where/stay ?
3. the hotel/like/you/Did ?
4. from/they/did/Spain/come back/When ?
5. a good time/ you/Did/have ?
6. buy/What/you/did?
7. to the beach/Alex/did/go/When ?

  5.  Раскройте скобки, используя правильные формы смыслового и    

    вспомогательного глаголов в Past Simple:

1. We (meet) three years ago.
2. I (not see) John yesterday.
3. Claire (come back) from Germany last month.
4. When they (get) married?
5. I (have) breakfast at seven this morning.
6. Where you (stay)?
7. It (not rain) much during our vacation.
8. He (want) to become an artist.

6. Раскройте скобки, используя правильные формы смыслового и вспомогательного глаголов в Past Simple:

1. The building of the trade centre (begin) a month ago.
2. It (be) bitterly cold yesterday. I (put) on my warm coat but I (catch) a cold still.
3. The postman (bring) the morning mail only at 10 o'clock.
4. I (see) you the other day coming out of the library with a stack of books. Are you preparing for the exams?
5. We (have) a picnic yesterday, but the rain (spoil) the whole pleasure.
6. You (go) to the South when you (be) a child?

7. Выберите правильный вариант ( did, was или were):

1. What did/was/were you do last night?
2. Those people did/was/were from Japan.
3. When did/was/were he born?
4. I didn’t/wasn’t weren’t study English at school.
5. Where did/was/were you this morning?
6. Why did/was/were she get up so early?
7. Did/Was/Were you a happy child?
8. My parents didn’t/wasn’t weren’t stay in a hotel.

Практические занятия: Город, деревня, инфраструктура

Лексический материал по теме.

ENGLISH VILLAGES AND TOWNS

Physical features of the country make an important part of the people's environment. Man changes it not only by cutting down the forests and draining the marshes to make the land suitable for cultivation but also by building houses in the places where it is convenient to live. The villages and towns make our immediate surrounding which is more important for our happiness than natural environment.

"God made the country, man made the town." This saying reflects the English sentimental feelings about villages — the proper birthplace of human civilization. While it is possible to say when any town or city appeared, the beginning of most villages is obscure. Once upon a time, perhaps, men found that this place was a pleasant spot, with good soil below the hill and above the flood level of the river; or it may have been that here were the crossroads of traders and travellers. Or there were some other reasons for them choosing the particular place to build a village...

There are about 13,000 villages in England. Nearly all of them existed before the Norman Conquest. Some of them are called "street villages" as they have been built along the road, with houses on both sides of it. Some villages are round and are called "green villages" because the houses are clustering around "the village green" — a wide stretch of grass with a well or a pump and a playground. And the third type of village is called "scattered village", as the houses are just "scattered" without any system around a middle meeting point consisting of a crossroads, a shop or two, and a village school perhaps. Usually, there are two focal points in any village: the church with a vicarage (the house of the vicar) and the manor house where the squire lived. He represented government, and particularly the King. Usually the squire was a farmer himself and owned much of the land.

With all sentimental feelings about a village, most Englishmen live in towns. Nowadays less than 10% of English people are classified as "rural" but, as a matter of fact, less than  half of them really live in villages. Much more of them live along the roads between the towns, in the so-called "ribbon developments" — long rows of similar-looking two-storied houses stretching out along the road — neither town, nor village.

In urban areas the houses cluster together, forming the districts of reasonably clean and comfortable for living but similar-looking houses. Some of them stand alone in their own grounds and are called "detached". (If it has only one storey, it is called a bungalow.) Another arrangement is called "semi-detached" ("semi"), when two houses are-built back-to-back and some space is left between the pairs. The third type of arrangement is when many houses joined together with no gap between them, a front room and a back room on each of its two or three floors. In Victorian times this arrangement was called "terraced houses". Nowadays the new houses of this type are usually called simply "town houses". In the 1960s many local town councils began to build blocks of flats to save space in densely populated areas of Britain. But the people did not like the new high buildings and by 1973 the projects had been stopped. The new houses built in most urban and suburban districts are small again. The majority of people live in the so-called "tenements" — large buildings divided into flats. Those who can afford it, move to the "housing estates" where the houses are more expensive and comfortable. After World War II, there appeared in Britain many so-called new towns with modem community centres, broad streets, and well-planned houses, each with a small garden.

To buy a house, a person does not usually need to have all the money to pay for it. There are so-called "building societies" (the house purchasing banks) from which it is possible to borrow up to 90 % of the value of the house. A borrower pays back the loan on a monthly basis for about 20 years, after which the house becomes his property. In case of the borrower's inability to pay in time, the house becomes the lender's property. This arrangement is called "mortgage". Local authorities may also give mortgages up to the full value of the house. Usually they are far away from crowded central parts of cities and can be reached only in your own car, as there are no bus-stops or underground stations nearby. That is why the English people can never understand Russian visitors who sometimes proudly say that they live "in the centre of the city". The city centers are not prestigious places to live in. The proper place for living is the suburbs, or "subtopia" (the blend of words "suburb" and "Utopia").

EXERCISES

1) Find in the text the following concepts, check your ability to explain them in English, and add them to your working vocabulary:

blocks of flats, a housing estate, the new towns, building societies, mortgage, subtopia.

2) Write out from the text the sentences or their parts, which contain the words and phrases given below and translate them into Russian:

draining the marshes, to be obscure, focal points, rural, no gap between them

. Грамматический материал:

-использование глаголов в Present Simple/Indefinite для выражения действий в будущем

Способы выражения действия в будущем

(Future Simple, to be going to, Present Continuous)

Future Simple

The Future Simple (будущее простое время) образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола will и первой формы смыслового глагола.

Утвердительное предложение

Отрицательное предложение

Вопросительное предложение

Will you work?

Will he/she/it work?

Will we/you/they work?

The Future Simple употребляется:

1. Для предсказаний, основанных на том, во что мы верим и думаем.

Robots will do most of the work in the future.

Обычно с глаголами think - думать, believe - верить, probably – вероятно и т.д.

I think, it will rain tomorrow.

2. Если решение рождается в момент речи, беседы.

It's cold in here. I'll close the window.

I'm thirsty. I'll have a glass of water.

3. Вопросительное предложение Will you…? употребляется для просьбы.

Will you post this letter for me please?

Краткие ответы:         Yes, I/you/he… will.
                                         No, I/you/he… won't.

Выражения, с которыми употребляют The Future Simple:

Tomorrow, next week/moth/year, tonight, soon, in a week/moth и т.д.

Оборот "to be going to…" – собираться что-то сделать

Утвердительное предложение

Отрицательное предложение

Вопросительное предложение

Краткие ответы:         Yes, I'm (you are, he is и т.д.)
                                No, I'm not (you aren't, he isn't и т.д.)

Оборот "to be going to" употребляется:

1. Для выражения наших планов и намерений в ближайшем будущем.

I am going to buy a new bag. – Я собираюсь купить новую сумку.

He's going to spend the weekend in Kiev.

Он собирается провести выходные в Киеве.

2. Для предсказаний основанных на том, сто мы видим или знаем.

Look at him. He's going to jump out of the train. – Посмотри на него. Он собирается выпрыгнуть их поезда.

The sky is very cloudy. It's going to rain tonight. – Небо облачное. Вечером будет дождь.

The Present Continuous Tense (настоящее длительное время) образуется:

и один из случаев его употребления – выражение запланированного и организованного действия в ближайшем будущем.

I'm seeing my doctor next week. – Я встречаюсь с моим доктором на следующей неделе.

1Заполните пропуски, используя will или to be going to и раскройте скобки:

1. There are dark clouds in the sky. It _______ (rain).
2. I think he _______ (come) tomorrow.
3. The wind is blowing wildly. That tree _______(fall) down.
4. I believe, the children _______ (not/enjoy) this party.

     2Используя данные слова, составьте предложение с will или to be going to:

1. A:I want to go camping next weekend at Blue Bird Lake.

B: Who ________ drive you there?

2. A: It's cold in here.
   B: __________________________ I/turn on/heat.
3. A: Mum, I'm hungry.
   B: __________________________ I/make/you/a sandwich.
4. A: What are Maggie's plans for the summer?
   B: __________________________ She/travel/Italy
5. A: Jimmy didn't study hard for his history exam.
   B: __________________________ He/not pass/it.3

3Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя Future Simple, to be going to или Present Continuous:

1. Я встречаюсь завтра в 10 часов с менеджером.
2. Они собираются пожениться в следующем месяце.
3. Я не думаю, что они поженятся.
4. Завтра вы пишете сочинение (a composition) на уроке. Повторите тему "Мое свободное время".

Контрольные упражнения и тесты

1Напишите три предложения о том, что вы запланировали в выходные, используя Present Continuous, как в примере:

1. I am cleaning my room.
2.  
3.  

2Напишите три предложения о том, что вы собираетесь делать на следующей неделе, используя to be going to, как в примере:

1. I'm going to visit my grandmother.
2.  
3.  
4.  

3Выберите правильный вариант ответа:

1. Ann can't meet us on Saturday. She'll work/she's working.
2. Do you think Mary will phone/is phoning us tonight?
3. They'll go/they're going away tomorrow working. Their train is at 8.40.
4. What will you do/are you doing tomorrow evening? - I'm watching a Football match.
5. She will have/she is having lunch with Doug this afternoon.
6. They will move/they are moving to a new flat on March 12.
7. Why are you wearing those old clothes? - Because I'll paint/I am painting the Kitchen today.

Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя Future Simple, to be going to или Present Continuous:

1. Кто собирается посмотреть этот интересный фильм?
2. Я думаю, они закончат эту работу завтра.
3. Я уезжаю завтра в 10 часов утра.
4. Посмотрите на Аню. Она собирается играть на пианино.
5. Они, вероятно, (probably) не приедут вечером.
6. Она обедает с Томом вечером.

Тест-минимум

1. Заполните пробелы, используя Future Simple, to be going to или Present Continuous:

1. They _____ (play) golf this afternoon.
2. I think, I _____ (phone) her back later.
3. The sky is cloudy. It _____ (rain).
4. They _____ (leave) tomorrow morning.
5. We probably _____ (do) shopping tomorrow.
6. She _____(fly) o Florence on May 15th.

2. Заполните пропуски, используя Future Simple, to be going to или Present Continuous:

1. I think, the dog _____ (find) his way back home.
2. Look at that man an the ladder!
   Oh, no! He _____ (fall)!
3. Where _____ (you/go) for your holidays, now that summer is there?
   Nowhere. I _____ (study) for my exams in September.
4. My suitcase is so heavy!
   Give it to me. I _____ (carry) it for you.
5. I bought some warm boots because I _____ (go) skiing.
6. I'm busy tonight. I _____(clean) my flat.
7. Toni’s back from holiday.
   Is he? I _____ (give) him a ring.

3. Выберите правильный вариант ответа:

1. A: Let's go to the carnival, shall we?

B: Yes, good idea. I expect it … be fun.

it'll be; b) it's; c) it's being

2. A: Could I have a word with you, please?

B: Sorry, I'm in a big hurry. My train … in fifteen minutes.

is going to leave; b) leaves; c) will leave

3. A: Have you decided about the course?

B: Yes, I decided last weekend. … for a place.

I apply; b) I am to apply; c) I'm going to apply

4. A: I'm trying to move this cupboard, but it's very heavy.

B: Well … you, then.

a) I help; b) I'll help; c) I'm going to help

5. A: Is the shop open yet?

B: No, but there's someone inside. I think  … .

a) it opens; b) it's about to open; c) it will open

  Выражение будущего действия

в придаточных предложениях времени и условия

1. Придаточные предложения времени отвечают на вопросы when? когда?, how long? как долго?, since when? с каких пор? и т.п. Они соединяются с главным предложением союзами:

2. Сложноподчиненным предложением с придаточным предложением условия, называемым для краткости условным предложением, называется такое сложное предложение, в котором возможность выполнения действия, выраженного в главном предложении, зависит от определенных условий, выраженных в придаточном предложении. Придаточные предложения условия соединяются с главным предложением союзами:

if - если

in case - в случае

supposing (that), suppose (that) -если, предположим (что)

unless - если... не

provided (that), providing (that), on condition (that) - при условии если, при условии что

Особенностью придаточных предложений времени (а также условия) является то, что в них никогда не употребляется глагол-сказуемое ни в одном из будущих времен. При необходимости выразить будущее действие в придаточном предложении используются настоящие времена:

1Раскройте скобки, употребляя Future Simple or Present Simple:

1. I (go) and see Venice as soon as I (reach) Italy.
2. If you (not be) at home by six, I (eat) without you.
3.  If mother (not go) to the market early, she (not get) fresh fish.
4.  If Adam (sell) his car, he (afford) a holiday in Florida.
5.  I (take) an umbrella in case it (rain).
6.  If Martine (not win) it (be) the end of his sport career.

2.Подберите начало предложения в колонке А и окончание предложения в колонке В и запишите соответствующие цифру и букву:

                А                                                В

Контрольные упражнения и тесты

1Раскройте скобки, употребляя Future Simple or Present Simple:

1. He (become) an architect after he (graduate) from the University.
2. I (have) to stop my daughter before she (get) into trouble.
3. Mum (visit) you when the baby-sitter (arrive).
4. She (relax) after she (hear) the results of the interview.
5. My elder sister often (develop) a strong headache when the weather (change).
6. Tonight the old man (go) to bed as soon as the sun (set).

2Раскройте скобки, употребляя Future Simple or Present Simple:

1. Many people (be happy) when this ugly war (come) to an end.
2. Life (seem) wonderful to you again as soon as all your worries (be over).
3. The weather certainly (change) for the better after the rain (stop) and the sky (clear up).
4. He (not recover) soon unless he (take) the prescribed medicine.
5. I (be) happy if my dream (come) true