Чтение
материал для подготовки к егэ (гиа, английский язык, 10 класс) по теме

00007

B2 Чтение

1. You should choose the topic for the conversation.
2. You should start a conversation with other person.
3. It’s impossible to please everyone.
4. Friendship isn’t strong enough.
5. Different people have different points of view.
6. You should know the cultures.
7. Principles don’t work everywhere the same.
8. It’d be better to know only then to deal with.

1. There are questions from a cross-cultural workshop which helps business people to avoid misunderstanding when they deal with people who come from different cultures. Ideas about polite behavior vary from one culture to another and it’s easy to cause offence or feel offered if you don’t know what other cultures expect.
2. Some societies, such as America and Australia, for example, are mobile and very open. People here change jobs and move house quite frequently. As a result they have a lot of relationships that often last only a short time, and they need to get to know people quickly. So it’s normal to have friendly conversations with people that they have just met, and you can talk about things that other cultures would regard as private.
3. At the other extreme are more crowded and less mobile societies where long-term relationships are more important. A Malaysian and Mexican businessperson, for example, will want to get to know you very well before he or she feels happy to start business. But when you do get to know each other, the relationship becomes much deeper than it would in a mobile society.

D. To Americans, both Europeans and Asians seem cool and formal at first. On the other hand, as a passenger from a less mobile society put it, it’s no fun spending several hours next to a stranger who wants to tell you all about his or her life and asks you all sorts of embarrassing questions that you don’t want to answer.

E. Cross-cultural differences aren’t just a problem for travelers but also for the airlines that carry them. All airlines want to provide the best service but ideas about good service vary from place to place. This can be seen most clearly in the way that problems are deal with.

F. Some societies have ‘universalist’ cultures. These societies have a strong respect for rules, and they treat every person and situation in basically the same way. ‘Particularist’ societies, on the other hand, also have rules but they are less important than the society’s unwritten ideas about what is right or wrong for a particular situation or a particular person. So the formal rules are bent to fit the needs of the situation or the importance of the person.

G. This difference can cause problems. A traveler from a particularist society, India, is checking in for a flight in Germany, a country which has a Universalist culture. The India traveler has too much luggage but he explains that he has been away from home for a long time and the suitcases are full of presents for his family. He expects that the check-in clerk will understand his problem and will bend the rules for him. The check-in clerk, however, expects that if she explains the rules, the customer will understand. If he was allowed to have too much luggage, it wouldn’t be fair to the other passengers. But the traveler thinks this in unfair because the other passengers don’t have his problem.

B3

Second Chance

The golfer put his ball on the tee. He looked at the flag, swung the club, and the ball flew into the air. But it fell short of green and landed ‘plop’ in a lake. Jim Reid smiled. ‘It’s a nice sound, isn’t it?’ he said. Jim likes going to golf courses. And why not? He has recently sold his company for $5 million A___ and money to do exactly what he wants.

   But it hasn’t always been so. Jim started out on Oklahoma, B___ where he worked  as a surveyor for Walt Disney World for ten years. In his free time he used to go scuba-diving, looking for treasure among the shipwrecks that had lain for centuries around the Florida coast. The one day he had a go at diving in a different place and made a discovery C___. When he went home that day, he talked the matter over with his wife, Beverly. It seemed like a crazy idea and Jim would have to give up his job but they decided to go for it.

‘It was a bit embarrassing at first when people asked me what I did for a living’, says Jim, ‘D___. Some of the places are over 15 metres deep. You’re down there in the dark for hours with the snakes E___’ Stepping on broken glass and sharp pieces of metal was a constant hazard and Jim was once struck by lightning while underwater. But the gamble paid off. In fact, the new venture was successful beyond their wildest dreams F___ and Beverly were multi-millionares.

1. and it wasn’t easy to explain
2. and the eels and your imagination
3. and ten years later Jim
4. and еthen in 1971 he moved to Florida
5. and had made money unusual way
6. and now he has plenty of time
7. and was to change his life

A15-A21

As a psychologist, my view on teenagers’ bedrooms is quite straightforward. Personal space is very important in adolescence and privacy should be respected. If a teenager has his or her own room, then this space is for that teenager to arrange as he or she wishes. On no account should parents be tempered to tidy a teenager’s room. If arguments arise, patience and understanding are required on both sides. Unfortunately, this doesn’t always happen. Let’s take the example of a typical English teenager called Tim. He and mum fell out about the untidy state of his room because they were looking at the problem from two completely different points of view. This is what Tim had to say: Bedrooms are incredibly important when you’re a teenager. Everyone needs space but at that time you need it most of all. I don’t mind Mum coming into my room as long as she knocks. The problem is that she goes round looking for things to put away and saying things like ‘tidy room, tidy mind’. I tell her I don’t want a tidy mind. She thinks it’s strange that although I’m hoping to study Interior Design at college, I don’t seem to bother about my own room at home. But what she fails to understand is that I like the mess. It’s interesting watching it grow, because it’s full of shapes and patterns. I like my Mum but when she goes on at me about tidying my room, I just get more determined not to do anything about it. My advice to parents would be to leave their teenagers’ room till they are bad that it’s impossible to walk in. Then the kids will have to tidy up.

And, of course, Tim is right. In my experience, teenagers left to live in their own mess will eventually reach the stage where they clean it up. We have to remember that this is an important period of experimentation for them and they need to make their own decisions about things. Parents’ anxiety never solves anything during this period and it can actually have the effect of making things worse. This is what Tim’s Mum had to say:

I encouraged Tim to clean up after himself when he was young and he was happy to do it then. But when he got older, he simply started to refuse. His room became a complete tip. He had lots of expensive designer clothes all thrown on the floor, Along with waste paper, empty cans and leftover of food he’d taken up there secretly. When I started being more insistent, I was very shocked by Tim’s response. He isn’t normally very rebellious but he just exploded, saying it was none of my business what he did in his room. When I tried to tidy it up myself, he just hit the roof, insisting that he wanted it like it was.

Things are better now. Tim, meanwhile, has taken to cleaning his own room once a week. Although it seemed like a big problem at the time, it looks like Tim and his Mum have found a solution.

A15. What point does the psychologist make about teenagers in the first paragraph?

1. They are often unreasonable
2. They should respect their parents
3. They need their own private space
4. They should keep their rooms tidy

A16. Why does Tim get annoyed when his mother comes into the room?

1. She doesn’t knock before entering
2. She makes comments about the state of the room
3. She expects him to know where things are
4. She takes away the things that  he needs

A17. How does Tim feel about his bedroom?

1. He’s too lazy to tidy it up
2. He’s guilty about not looking after it
3. He’s pleased with how it looks
4. He doesn’t see it as his responsibility

A18. What does Tim think parents ought to do?

1. They ought to clean the room
2. They ought to leave their children
3. They ought to make their children to do it themselves
4. They ought to punish their children

00004

Часть А. Чтение

Test 1

Read the article and decide whether the statements are true or false.

   Take fifteen unemployed young people and a celebrity chef, put them together in a kitchen for a year and sit back and watch the drama unfold. Jamie Oliver is the celebrity chef. His idea was to train a team of unemployed kids with an interest in and a passion for food and to open a first class restaurant in London to be run by them.

   Jamie Oliver is a phenomenon in the UK, where his TV series show him on his trendy apartments, cooking fashionable recipes for his cool friends. He is also seen riding his scooter and going shopping at local markets. He became so famous for his lifestyle that the supermarket chain Sainsbury’s offered him a fee of over two million pounds to star in their television adverts. They claim that this has resulted in 20% increase in their profits.

   Cooking has also been a part of Jamie Oliver’s life. His farther runs a pub and a restaurant in Essex (South-east England), and, while he was growing up, Jamie helped in the kitchen where he gained valuable experience before going on to train as a professional chef and work in famous Italian restaurants in London. Jamie Oliver is very rich because of his TV shows and adverts and his successful cookery books. However, he remains in touch with his roots, and his down-to-earth style and cheeky humor have made him popular with people of all ages. He wanted to give a little back and help to inspire to others, so he decided to invest in a long-term plan to help disadvantaged young people to learn about the catering industry. He has also used his influence to raise money for the project.

   His restaurant is called “Fifteen”, reflecting both the address, 15 Westland Place, London and the number of novices he recruited. They were chosen from 1.000 applicants, and the whole process was filmed for a five-part documentary. It wasn’t easy – the restaurant went over budget, and it looked as if the team wouldn’t learn to be chefs in time. Only ten students survived the training, and viewers saw some of the dramatic moments when individual students broke down, didn’t turn up for work, burned food or when Jamie discussed their progress using his characteristic direct approach.

   But the restaurant called Cheeky Chops did open and is still in business. All its goes to a charity. Jamie invested £ 1.3 million in the venture and put his own house at risk to finance it. He wants to set up similar schemes in New York and Sydney. And Jamie’s recipe for success? Determination, enthusiasm, passion and hands on approach.

1. In the TV series Jamie Oliver cooks in his new restaurant.

True/False/Not stated

2. Sainsbury’s supermarket chain gave Jamie Oliver 20 % of their profits.

True/False/Not stated

3. Jamie Oliver trained people in a pub restaurant.

True/False/Not stated

4. Jamie Oliver has decided to invest some of his money in helping other people.

True/False/Not stated

5. He called his restaurant “Fifteen” to reflect the age of the young people he recruited.

True/False/Not stated

6. TV viewers could watch the training of the chefs in a five-part documentary.

True/False/Not stated

7. All of the original fifteen trainees became professional chefs.

True/False/Not stated

8. Jamie Oliver received £ 1.3 million from the new business.

True/False/Not stated

9. Jamie Oliver has the intention of opening more restaurants like “Fifteen”.

           True/False/Not stated