Карточки по теме Job
учебно-методическое пособие по английскому языку (10 класс) на тему

Nice work

1. Make a list of jobs (5 – 6 jobs).

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. Look at the list of skills and qualities in the box.

3. Add some more skills and qualities. Fill them in the box (table).
4. Which of them are necessary for the jobs on your list.

For example: To be a …………………. you need to have good……………. skills and to be……….. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5. Read the paragraph and decide which job is being described

To be a___________________ you need to have  a good general education and good interpersonal skills. You don’t need a degree, but you have to do a special training course. Driving skills may be useful and you have to be honest, clean and tidy and very  patient. A_______________ needs to be calm in a crises, quick thinking and has to be emotionally strong. They are usually tall, well-built and physically strong but they need to be caring people too.

Nice work

2. 1. Make a list of jobs (5 – 6 jobs).

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.          2. Look at the list of skills and qualities in the box.

  3. Add some more skills and qualities. Fill them in the box (table).

4. Which of them are necessary for the jobs on your list.

Fo               For example: To be a ……… you need to have good……… skills and to be……….. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.                5. Read the paragraph and decide which job is being described

To be a___________________ you need to have  a good general education and good interpersonal skills. You don’t need a degree, but you have to do a special training course. Driving skills may be useful and you have to be honest, clean and tidy and very  patient. A_______________ needs to be calm in a crises, quick thinking and has to be emotionally strong. They are usually tall, well-built and physically strong but they need to be caring people too.

I. Read what people say about their jobs. What are they?

1. ‘I work for a newspaper. I'm the person in charge of it. I usually write the editorial too.’
2. ‘People usually come to me for legal advice. I also have to appear in court sometimes on behalf of my clients.’
3. ‘I risk my life every day protecting rich or important people. I get well-paid but most of the people I protect can afford it.’
4. ‘I work for a wonderful family in Kensington. Baby Emma and I get on really well, which is fortunate as we spend most of the day together. I think the people I live with and work for are very pleased with the way I'm looking after their daughter.’
5. ‘I suppose I have quite a pleasant job really. I spend most of my time at the theatre or cinema where, after seeing a new film or a play, I write a review about it for the newspaper I work for.’
6. ‘Women like being married to me because the older they get the more interested I become in them, they say. Seriously though, my job is all about looking at very old things — buildings, pots, tools, weapons, and so on. In fact, I'm off to Egypt next month to examine a new tomb they've found there. I'm hoping it could be another Tutankhamen.’
7.  ‘I work at the local swimming pool and in the summer at the local beach. It’s my job to rescue anyone in danger of drowning. So far I've saved about twenty people's lives.’
8. ‘People often come to me when their pet dog or cat has died. They can't bear to part with them, so I stuff and mount the animals so that they look almost alive and the owners can go on seeing them, talking to them, and so on.’
9. ‘Many of my clients are people buying a house. They want me to examine it to make sure the structure's all right, etc. I examine everything then give them a written report. There's usually something wrong with most houses, but so far I've only found three houses that I would definitely not recommend.’

II. What can a teacher (an economist, a doctor, a policeman ...) say about his/her job?

III. Fill in the correct word derived from the word in bold (WORD FORMATION)

Working Lives

I (A).  Answer these job interview questions. Start with the phrases from the box to sound natural.

1. What kind of salary do you expect?

You: (ask a question)  ______________________________________________________

2. Are you good at math?

You: (show confidence) ____________________________________________________

3. What’s your opinion of flexible working hours?

You: (be sincere)__________________________________________________________

4. Do you think you’ve got enough training for the positions?

You: (show enthusiasm)____________________________________________________

5. Why do you want to work for our company?

You: (show interest)_______________________________________________________

6. Do you think your knowledge of English is adequate for the job?

You:____________________________________________________________________

7. According to your curriculum vitae you are able to work to tight deadlines, you have administrative skills. What skills should people have when they apply to this job? Mm, what qualities or traits of character do you appreciate in people?  

You:____________________________________________________________________

I (B).  Add any three questions you would like to the interview. Use ex. 4 on p. 49 as a model. Then answer your questions.

II (A).  Read the following newspaper advertisements. Which of the jobs would you choose?

II (B).  Your company/institution has a vacancy and wants a new employee. Write a newspaper advertisement.

Use the words in the appropriate form.

Do you believe that some jobs are more …(1suit) for men and some occupations are more appropriate for women? If you do, don’t tell John Tailor about it. He is a teacher in a nursery school and loves his job very much. He took up that job as a temporary one, and at first he didn’t take it  … (2 serious). Bringing up and … (3 teach) young children is a good job for women – this is stereotype. John applied for the job … (4 main) because he hadn’t been able to find anything appropriate for several month. “It’s a prejudice”, says John , “to think that men are not as good with little kids as women are. This prejudice … (5courage) many men from working in schools. It’s only through experience that I found out how interesting, …(6demand) and … (7 reward) this job is. Kids can’t forgive lies and indifference, they never justify … (8 betray) and unfairness. They bring me up too – every minute and every day. Very often I have a feeling as if I were taking an exam. A “good guy” qualification exam. And I feel a great job … (9 satisfy). Being a teacher is a job for clever, strong and … (10 ambition) men”.      

  Use the words in the appropriate form.

Do you believe that some jobs are more …(1suit) for men and some occupations are more appropriate for women? If you do, don’t tell John Tailor about it. He is a teacher in a nursery school and loves his job very much. He took up that job as a temporary one, and at first he didn’t take it  … (2 serious). Bringing up and … (3 teach) young children is a good job for women – this is stereotype. John applied for the job … (4 main) because he hadn’t been able to find anything appropriate for several month. “It’s a prejudice”, says John , “to think that men are not as good with little kids as women are. This prejudice … (5courage) many men from working in schools. It’s only through experience that I found out how interesting, …(6demand) and … (7 reward) this job is. Kids can’t forgive lies and indifference, they never justify … (8 betray) and unfairness. They bring me up too – every minute and every day. Very often I have a feeling as if I were taking an exam. A “good guy” qualification exam. And I feel a great job … (9 satisfy). Being a teacher is a job for clever, strong and … (10 ambition) men.        

Use the words in the appropriate form.

Do you believe that some jobs are more …(1suit) for men and some occupations are more appropriate for women? If you do, don’t tell John Tailor about it. He is a teacher in a nursery school and loves his job very much. He took up that job as a temporary one, and at first he didn’t take it  … (2 serious). Bringing up and … (3 teach) young children is a good job for women – this is stereotype. John applied for the job … (4 main) because he hadn’t been able to find anything appropriate for several month. “It’s a prejudice”, says John , “to think that men are not as good with little kids as women are. This prejudice … (5courage) many men from working in schools. It’s only through experience that I found out how interesting, …(6demand) and … (7 reward) this job is. Kids can’t forgive lies and indifference, they never justify … (8 betray) and unfairness. They bring me up too – every minute and every day. Very often I have a feeling as if I were taking an exam. A “good guy” qualification exam. And I feel a great job … (9 satisfy). Being a teacher is a job for clever, strong and … (10 ambition) men.        

1. Read the text 'Artificial Intelligence' and say if machines can be as clever as humans.
2.                                              Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI) is invading the world. In the 90s and early 21st century AI achieved its greatest success. There are more and more jobs which humans leave to robots such as exploring another planet, defusing bombs, exploring inside a volcano or just doing boring household chores like cleaning. Computers can perform a lot of functions: they can control cars and planes, give us the news, play chess and football or compose music. Many factory jobs are performed by industrial robots nowadays. It has led to cheaper production of various goods, including automobiles and electronics. Industrial robots have little resemblance to a human being.

Artificial intelligence has successfully been used in a wide range of fields including medical diagnosis, stock trading, robot control, law, scientific discovery and toys. Industrial robots are also used for packaging of manufactured goods, transporting goods around warehouses or hospitals or removing tiny electronic components with great accuracy, speed and reliability. Robots can move around, sense and manipulate their environment, predict the actions of others and exhibit intelligent behavior. Scientists are interested in designing robots that resemble a human.

Are robots our best friends or are they dangerous? It is still very difficult to answer this question. Some futurists believe that artificial intelligence will fundamentally transform society. Ray Kurzweil has calculated that desktop computers will have had the same processing power as human brains by the year 2029, and that by 2045 artificial intelligence will have reached a point where it is able to improve itself. Other futurists and science fiction writers have predicted that human beings and machines will merge into powerful cyborgs - humans with significant mechanical enhancements. Many people fear that highly intelligent robots may take over and destroy the human race. There are a lot of books and films about people losing control over clever machines which begin to kill their creators. But maybe it is early to worry as robots are still clumsy and not very intelligent.

    But of course there are some reasons to worry about robots. The use of robots in industry leads to unemployment as many jobs are performed by machines. Besides industrial robots can be dangerous and cause harm to human workers. So much attention must be paid to security.

  There are a number of competitions and prizes to promote research in artificial intelligence. Many large companies have created robots which can perform specific functions in the manner of a man.

II. Complete each sentence (A—H) with one of the endings (1—8):

1. There are more and more jobs which humans leave to robots such as
2. Computers can perform a lot of functions: they can
3. Artificial intelligence has successfully been used in a wide range of fields including
4. Industrial robots are also used for
5. Robots can
6. Some futurists believe that artificial intelligence will
7. Other futurists and science fiction writers have predicted that
8. The use of robots in industry leads to

1. medical diagnosis, stock trading, robot control, law, scientific discovery and toys.
2. fundamentally transform society.
3. packaging of manufactured goods, transporting goods around warehouses or hospitals or  removing tiny electronic components.
4. exploring another planet, defusing bombs, exploring inside a volcano or just doing boring household chores like cleaning.
5. human beings and machines will merge into powerful cyborgs.
6. control cars and planes, give us the news, play chess and football or compose music.
7. unemployment as many jobs are performed by machines.
8. move around, sense and manipulate their environment, predict the actions of others and exhibit intelligent behavior.

3. Give the definitions of the following words.

• artificial intelligence (AI)
• robot
• cyborg
• android
• humanoid

4. Answer the questions.

1. Why do people make robots?
2. Why do some people believe that robots can be dangerous?
3. What are the real reasons to worry about robots?
4. Are there any limits to how intelligent machines can be?
5. What is the difference between human intelligence and artificial intelligence?
6. Can a machine have human feelings? Why?
7. What may happen if humans hand over important decisions to machines?
8. What science fiction books and films about robots do you know? What role do robots play in people’s life in these books or films?
9. What is your personal attitude to robots?
10. Would you like to have a domestic robot? Why?

ASIMO (Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility) is a humanoid robot created by Honda Motor Company. The robot is 130 cm tall and weighs 54 kilograms. It can walk or run on two feet at speeds up to 6 km/h. The robot can perform various functions. ASIMO can follow the movements of people with its camera, follow a person, or greet a person when he or she approaches. ASIMO can also recognize when a person offers him a handshake and other people's movements. The robot can sense the environment and avoids hitting people and other objects. It can respond to its name, face people when being spoken to, and recognize sudden, unusual sounds. ASIMO is also able to respond to questions, either by a brief nod, a shake of the head or a verbal answer. The robot has the ability to recognize 10 different faces. By accessing information via the Internet, ASIMO can provide news and useful information.

Wakamaru is a Japanese domestic robot made by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. The robot has been created to provide companionship to elderly and disabled people and to make their life easier. The robot is yellow, lm tall, and weighs 30 kilograms. Wakamaru can connect to the Internet, and has limited speech and speech recognition abilities. It can say, 'Welcome back!', 'Let me search the Internet' and other simple phrases. The functions it can perform include reminding, the user to take medicine on time, and calling for help if it suspects something is wrong. When its batteries run out, Wakamaru recharges itself.

Hitachi created its second humanoid robot EMIEW2 in 2008. EMIEW2 weighs 13kg and can move on wheels as well as two legs. The robot is 80cm tall, a height for looking over desk tops. It has 14 microphones which enable it to recognize human voice and sounds. The robot can distinguish voices even when three people are speaking at the same time and it can recognize voices spoken as far as 2m away.

Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute of Korea has developed a robot with four human senses such as seeing, hearing, touching, and smelling. POMI (Penguin rObot for Multimodal Interaction) can move the eyebrow, eye lid, eye ball and lips. It also uses various colors to show face expressions. POMI has two kinds of built-in scent sprays to express happiness, sadness, and joy. It also has a heartbeat device which makes people feel like the robot's heart really beats up when they put the hands on the left chest of the robot. It also, can talk to people through a built-in speaker.

To clone or not to clone.

Read the text and choose the correct answer.

     The issue of cloning is extremely controversial — different communities have different opinions on its moral acceptability and refuse to compromise. Like any other technological breakthrough cloning can be both beneficial and dangerous for people, which makes the necessity of further research into cloning quite uncertain.

      In simple words, cloning means creating an identical copy of an organ, animal and even a human being. Scientists have already experimented with growing organs and animals — sheep Dolly caused a real sensation! — but human cloning is seen as a great risk and further research is being deliberately blocked. There are certainly very important reasons that make people passionately object to boosting cloning technologies. They are very anxious about legal and ethical aspects of cloning and believe that before investing into any further research and approving of it, society should think very carefully.

     Their first concern is the legal status of a human clone. Is he or she going to enjoy equal rights or is it going to be a bio-robot, just in case the original body needs some spare parts to replace the damaged or amputated ones? They also worry that someone may want to create an army of clones for military purposes or an army of slave workers. They also think that cloning can be dangerous genetically as we never know its potential effect on the human gene. It can make a negative impact on society as clones will face lots of the social challenges: they won’t have parents, they may be treated as second class people. This is not a complete list of issues anti-clonists want to drive people’s attention to and their  arguments certainly give them solid ground to say that human cloning should not take place till all the controversies are fixed.        

On the other hand, supporters of cloning have their points too. They say that technological progress cannot be stopped and insist that cloning is not necessarily about cloning people. Cloning cells — that’s what is going to be very beneficial. The recent researches proved that stem cells are very promising as they can generate in any type of cells to build a liver, lungs, a heart and any other organ. Scientists hope that one day therapeutic cloning can be used to generate tissues and organs for transplants. Transplants needed for operations can be created in laboratories, not taken from donors. To do this, DNA would be extracted from the patient and inserted into an egg, from which the nuclear with the genetic information has been removed. Then the cell would be used to generate any organ or tissue that genetically matches the recipient and cannot be rejected by the body. Diseases like cancer, Alzheimer’s or heart diseases will be defeated. Alternatively, scientists can clone damaged cells and use them as models of the disease for testing new drugs. The technology could save thousands and millions of lives.

      Growing transplants is an ethically better solution than using donors’ organs, however, another problem is arising here. Organs can be grown from the stem cells. When the egg with the inserted DNA divides, it creates an embryo. To get the stem cells, the embryo has to be destroyed. Is it morally

acceptable or not?

     Now one can see why moral views on cloning are hopelessly divided. But to ban cloning and refuse to discuss the matter is not an option. Probably ethic committees and committees of experts should examine each research proposal individually. Ultimately our experience will help us indicate the way forward.

1. The author thinks that research into cloning

1. is very important.
2. has very good prospects.
3. is rather problematic.

2. According to the text, most people

1. are in two minds about cloning people.
2. find cloning people very beneficial.
3. don’t want to think about cloning people.

3. People who are against cloning

1. are afraid of bio-robots.
2. want everyone to be aware of possible consequences.
3. don’t want clones to have the same rights as genuine people.

4   Supporters of cloning want to focus research on

1. cloning people.
2. cloning animals.
3. cloning cells.

5    The author states that

1. any organ for transplantation can be grown from a stem cell.
2. to grow a heart, scientists need a heart cell.
3. in laboratories cells can be kept for years.

5   The author believes that growing organs from cells

1. is technically quite possible.
2. is a matter of very distant future.
3. is not a realistic aim.

6   The author insists that growing organs from stem cells

1. doesn’t create any ethical problems.
2. still raises some ethical problems.
3. should be discussed in a referendum.

.

• 1. What did Julian want to find out after his GCSEs?
• 2. What aims did he pursue looking for work in a law firm?
• 3. What had he to do to be accepted as an office junior at a law firm?
• 4. Did Julian feel a great job satisfaction? Why?
• 5. Did he succeed in his career? Why?
• 1. What did Julian want to find out after his GCSEs?
• 2. What aims did he pursue looking for work in a law firm?
• 3. What had he to do to be accepted as an office junior at a law firm?
• 4. Did Julian feel a great job satisfaction? Why?
• 5. Did he succeed in his career? Why?

• 1. What did Julian want to find out after his GCSEs?
• 2. What aims did he pursue looking for work in a law firm?
• 3. What had he to do to be accepted as an office junior at a law firm?
• 4. Did Julian feel a great job satisfaction? Why?
• 5. Did he succeed in his career? Why?

• 1. What did Julian want to find out after his GCSEs?
• 2. What aims did he pursue looking for work in a law firm?
• 3. What had he to do to be accepted as an office junior at a law firm?
• 4. Did Julian feel a great job satisfaction? Why?
• 5. Did he succeed in his career? Why?

• 1. What did Julian want to find out after his GCSEs?
• 2. What aims did he pursue looking for work in a law firm?
• 3. What had he to do to be accepted as an office junior at a law firm?
• 4. Did Julian feel a great job satisfaction? Why?
• 5. Did he succeed in his career? Why?