История английского языка.
презентация к уроку по английскому языку (10 класс)
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Anglo-Saxon Invasion AD 410- 1066
German tribes the Angles the Saxons the Jutes Christianization started around 600 AD Was completed by the mid of 8 century
By 600 AD
Offa of Mercia Reign 757 – July 796
King Offa and the Dyke 177 miles/ 185 km
Saint King Edwin of Northumbria Edwin- burh – Edinburgh
Alfred the Great AD 849-899 AD 879 Bretwalda
West Germanic dialects old English middle English
1 Anglo-Saxons were…tribes. a) German b) Roman c) Slavic 2 Anglo-Saxons spoke….dialects a) German b) Celtic c) Norse 3 The real “ bretwalda ” of England was… a) Offa of Mercia b) Edwin of Northumbria c) Alfred the Great 4 Alfred was called “the Great” because he was… a) very fat b) a powerful king c) very tall 5 Anglo-Saxons dialects were the basis for the... a) ancient English b) Old English c) modern English Choose the right answer a, b or c
English - Anglo-Saxon base of common words Numerals Colours Animals A-s Eng A-s Eng A-s Eng An one read red hors horse Twa two grene green cu cow Preo three Family bridd bird Feower four A-s Eng Syx six man man sunu son modor mother
Place names Anglo-Saxon influence can be followed through place names. For example , words ending in – ham (village) Birmingham . words ending in - burgh (town) Edinburgh words ending in - ton (fenced area)- Brighton, Hampton.
The Vikings
Where did the Vikings come from? The Vikings lived over one thousand years ago and came from the three countries of Scandinavia: Denmark, Norway and Sweden.
Who were the Vikings? Vikings were also known as the Norsemen. They were great travelers and sailed to other parts of Europe, where they traded, raided, and often settled. They were also farmers, fishermen.
When did they invade Britain? The Viking Age in Britain began in the 9th Century AD and lasted for 300 years. The Vikings first invaded Britain in AD 793 and last invaded in 1066 when William the Conqueror became King of England after the Battle of Hastings.
Why did the Vikings invade Britain? Most Vikings who sailed overseas were simply searching for better land for their farms. Their land was not very good for farming. Norway was very hilly, Sweden was covered in forests, and Denmark had a lot of sandy home land.
Where did the Vikings settle in Britain? The area eventually settled by Vikings was called the Danelaw. It formed a boundary separating Anglo- Saxon England from Viking England.
Alfred the Great and Danelaw Rather than face defeat, Alfred the Great, king of Wessex, paid the Vikings (Danes) to leave his kingdom alone. He bought just five years of peace.Then Alfred fought and defeated the Vikings.
What religion did the Vikings follow? The Vikings believed in many different gods, but there were three that were especially important. Odin, the leader of the gods - god of war.
Thor, provided protection from cold hunger, giants and other dangers.
Freya, goddess of love and beauty
The Vikings 1. Where did the Vikings come from? 2. Who were the Vikings? 3. When did they invade Britain? 4. Why did the Vikings invade Britain? 5. Where did the Vikings settle in Britain? 6. Alfred the Great and Danelaw 7. What religion did the Vikings follow?
Words of Norse origin The core of English Anger , bag , birth , window ,root seem, both , can , cast , die , egg , husband , trust , want , wise , wing.
Place names Place names ending in – by . eg. Derby , Rugby. Derby - A village where deer are found Place names ending in – thorpe eg. Scunthorpe and Grimethorpe thorpe meant farms.
Monday is from Anglo-Saxon day of the moon . Tuesday is from Tiu , the son of Odin . (Norse) Wednesday is from Odin or Woden . (Norse) Thursday - is from Thor . (Norse) Friday is from Freya or Frigg . (Norse) Saturday is from Saturn . (Latin) Sunday is from Anglo-Saxon day of the sun. Monday and Sunday are of Anglo-Saxon origin. Tuesday , Wednesday , Thursday , Friday are of Norse origin. Saturday is of Latin origin. The Days of the week
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Edward the Confessor Died at the beginning of 1066
Harold Godwinson Was crowned just after Edward’s death.
Harold Hardrada Harald Sigurdsson was was King of Norway (as Harald III) from 1046 to 1066. He died in the Battle of Stanford Bridge.
The Battle of Stamford Bridge The Battle of Stamford Bridge took place at the village of Stamford Bridge, East Riding of Yorkshire, in England on 25 September 1066 . English army won.
William the Conqueror Was born in Falaise in 1028 Married in 1056; wife – Matilda of Flanders
The great Fight of Hastings in 1066 The Battle of Hastings was fought on 14 October 1066 between the Norman-French army and an English army. That was a beginning of the Norman conquest of England.
The great Fight of Hastings in 1066 The background to the battle was the death of the childless King Edward the Confessor in January 1066.Harold Godwinson died in this battle, so Norman army won.
William was crowned in Westminster Abbey
The results of Norman Conquest The Tower was built The country was united. The country became a really European state. Domesday book. Old English Middle English Modern English
True or false Norman Conquest started in 1068. The battle of Hastings was won by William of Normandy. William was the king of France. William initiated the building of Westminster Abbey. The Normans spoke Latin. Old English transformed into Middle English under the influence of French
Cup, kitchen, mill, wine, port
Christianization of England Words connected with church: priest , bishop( епископ ) , nun( монахиня ) , candle .
Norman conquest 1066 Words borrowed directly from Latin (e.g., major, minor, intelligent, permanent).
Latin borrowings which came through French Law and government Church parliament religion state saint prison chapter verdict government country
Nobility Military Cooking , culture duke army prince battle royal soldier company volunteer
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Mix all the ingredients together. Cook slowly for 1,000 years. 50 grammes greek 75 grammes latin 400 grammes anglo-saxon 150 grammes norse 300 grammes french 25 grammes other languages
Of all European languages English is the richest ? French has a vocabulary of about 100,000 words. German-about 200,000 words Russian-more than 400,000 words English-more than 500,000 words Do you know that…
English is a Germanic language with Romanic vocabulary. English has about 80% of borrowings.
Where do you think the word « Britain » come from ? ( a tribe name )
Where do you suppose the word « England » come from ? ( a tribe name )
1) Why is English a “multicultural language? 2) How many languages have given words to English? 3) Explain the phrase “English has been getting its own back for a long time”
A noun Two adjectives Three verbs A sentence (four words) A noun Cinquain
A combination. Germanic. Romanic. Encourages. Broadens. Unites. It is worth learning. A wonder.
Interesting Difficult
It helps you communicate
Broadens Develops Informs
Interesting Difficult Develops Broadens Informs It helps you communicate The planet A mixture
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Celts in Britain
celts -a greek word “ kelloi ” (barbarian) 600 BC-50 AD (the IRON AGE)
A collection of tribes The most numerous The gaels the britons
Super-class priests Political Advisors Teachers Arbitrators
Halloween culture can be traced back to the Druids, a Celtic culture in Ireland, Britain and Northern Europe Halloween is on October 31st, the last day of the Celtic calendar. It was originally a pagan holiday, honoring the dead.
Brythonic : - Welsh Gaelic: -Irish -Scottish
A collection of independent tribes. (similar culture) Gaels numerous Britons North (Ireland , Scotland) West (Wales) The Irish , the Scottish originate The Welsh Various dialects Gaelic Brythonic - the Irish language - the Welsh language - the Scottish language
Bard- a poet pet- a tame lamb whiskey- water of life penguin- a white head clan-family slogan-call, shout Direct origin
Indirect origin place names The Thames The Avon Dover Devon Cornwall- ” kern ” -a tribal name
Romans in Britain 43 AD – 450 BC
When did the Romans invade Britain? In 43 A.D. (43 years after Jesus was born), Emperor Claudius organized the final and successful Roman invasion of Britain.
Why did the Romans invade Britain? Why the Romans came to Britain is not quite certain. Maybe they came to Britain looking for riches - land, slaves, and most of all, iron, lead, zinc, copper, silver and gold.
The Romans landed in Britain in 43 AD. The Celtic tribes met the Romans in a battle at the River Madway
Boudica Boudica was a queen of the Brittonic tribes who fought against the occupying forces of the Roman Empire.
Between Scotland at England 120 km 122 AD during the reign of Emperor Hadrian To prevent military raids of the Scots
What did the Romans call London? The Romans called London ' Londinium '. The River Thames was a quick way to transport goods between Britain and the Continent.
Why did the Romans leave Britain? Their homes in Italy were being attacked by fierce tribes and every soldier was needed. It was in 410 AD.
Choose the right answer a, b or c 1 the Roman invasion started in … a) 43 BC b) 43 AB C) 410 AD 2 The Celts… a) welcomed the Romans b) were indifferent c) fought them 3 Londinium was founded by… a) the Celts b) the Romans c) the Anglo-Saxons
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