Словарь по теме Закон "Law"
методическая разработка по английскому языку (8, 9, 10, 11 класс)
Словарь по теме "Law" был создан для учащихся с целью расширния словарного запаса. Может быть полезен при подготовке к урокам английского языка, экзаменам ОГЭ/ЕГЭ а также просто тем, кто интересуется данной темой и переводит тексты на юридическую тему.
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VOCABULARY «LAW»
CRIMES | PUNISHMENTS | PEOPLE | LEGAL PROCESSES | OTHERS |
1. Arson – the crime of intentionally starting a fire in order to damage ir destroy something, especially a building.
2. Speeding – driving faster than you are allowed to.
3. Kidnapping – an act of abducting someone and holding them captive.
4. Robbery – stealing large amounts of money with force or violence.
5. Rape – an act of forcing someone to have sex when that person is unwilling, using violence or threatening behavior.
6. Fraud – the crime of getting money by deceiving people.
7. Manslaughter – unintentional murder, the crime of killing a person when the killer did not intend to do it or cannot be responsible for his or her actions.
8. Vandalism – the crime of intentionally damaging property belonging to other people.
9. Bribery – the crime of giving someone money or something else of value, often illegally, to persuade that person to do something you want.
10. Espionage – the obtaining of secret or confidential information without the permission of the holder of this information.
11. Trespassing – an act of going onto someone's land or enter their building without the permission of the owners.
12. Mugging – an act of attacking someone and stealing their money.
13. Murder – the killing of a human being by a sane person, with intent.
14. Blackmail – an act of getting money from people or forcing them to do something by threatening to tell their secret or to harm them.
15. Perjury – the offence committed by a witness in judicial proceedings who gives false evidence.
16. Abuse of power – improper use of authority for taking own advantages.
17. Treason – the crime of being disloyal to your country or its government, especially by helping its enemies or trying to defeat its government.
18. Extortion – a criminal offense of obtaining money, property, or services from an individual or institution, through coercion.
19. Smuggling – illegal import or export
20. Terrorism – unlawful violence or threat with political aims
21. Hacking – unauthorized access to data in a computer system.
22. Drunk driving – driving whilst under the influence of alcohol.
23. Shoplifting – taking products from a shop without paying for them.
24. Burglary – breaking into a house in order to steal something.
25. Forgery – illegally copying documents, money, etc. to cheat people.
26. Libel – damaging someone’s reputation by writing lies about them.
27. Trafficking – trading something illegal like drugs, people, etc.
28. Riot – disturbance of public peace.
29. Hooliganism – being violent or aggressive.
30. Auto theft – stealing a vehicle.
| 1. Execution – the legal punishment of killing someone.
2. Fine – an amount of money that has to be paid as a punishment for not obeying a rule or law.
3. Caution – an official warning.
4. Forfeiture – the loss of property
5. Compensation – money that is paid to someone in exchange for something.
6. Probation – a period of supervision over an offender, ordered by the court instead of serving time in prison.
7. Community service – work performed by law offenders to serve a sentence in lieu of or in addition to jail time.
8. Custodial sentence – taking into custody.
9. Life imprisonment – a sentence of imprisonment until death.
10. Solitary confinement– a form of imprisonment in which an inmate is isolated from any human contact.
11. Death penalty – the legal punishment of killing someone.
12. House arrest – the legal act of forcing someone to stay at home instead of in a prison.
13. Detention – maintenance of a person in custody or confinement, as while awaiting a court decision.
15. Incarceration – the state of being imprisoned.
16. Capital punishment – punishment of death
17. License suspension – taking away a license from a person for a set period of time.
18. Deprivation of parental rights – depriving a person of their parental rights.
19. Suspended sentence – a legal arrangement in which a person who has been found guilty of a crime is not sentenced to jail but may be sentenced for that crime at a future time if he or she commits another crime during a specified period.
20. Corporal punishment – a form of physical punishment that involves the deliberate infliction of pain as retribution for an offence, or for the purpose of disciplining or reforming a wrongdoer.
21. Deportation – the expulsion of a person or group of people from a place or country.
22. Disqualification from driving –driving ban for some time or forever
23. Bail – money left with a court of law to make sure that a prisoner will return when their trial starts.
24. Hard labour – punishment in prison which consists of hard physical work.
25. Annuity – an amount paid out every year to someone
26. Arrest – to seize someone, usually because they are suspected of committing a crime, and take them into custody.
27. Consecutive sentence – a sentence for different crimes and these sentences have to be served one after another.
28. Refund – an amount of money that is given back to you, especially because you are not happy with a product or service that you have bought.
29. To release smb on bail – to provide temporary freedom from arrest till the time of trial in exchange for a deposit of a sum of money which is set by the court.
30. Confinement in disciplinary military unit – a kind of punishment for soldiers, who break the law.
| 1. Plaintiff – someone who takes legal action against someone else in a court of law.
2. Jury – a group of people in a court of law who decide if someone is guilty or not.
3. Judge – a person who presides over court proceedings and makes decisions on legal matters.
4. Lawyer – someone whose job is to give advice to people about the law and speak for them in court.
5. Defendant – the accused person.
6. Prosecutor –a legal official who accuses someone of committing a crime, especially in a law court.
7. Witness – a person who sees an event happening, especially a crime or an accident.
8. Thief –a person who commits theft.
9. Murderer – a person who commits murder.
10. Robber – a person who commits robbery.
11. Diplomat – an official whose job is to represent one country in another, and who usually works in an embassy.
12. Tribunal – a special court or group of people who are officially chosen, especially by the government, to examine (legal) problems of a particular type.
13. Victim – a person, who is harmed or killed by another, especially by someone committing a criminal or unlawful act.
14. Notary – a lawyer licensed to prepare legal documents
15. Bribetaker – a person who takes bribes.
16. Convict – a person found guilty of a crime and sentenced by a court.
17. Probation officer – someone whose job is to watch, advise, and help people who have broken the law and are on probation.
18. Сriminal – someone who has some problems with the law.
19. Offender – a person who is guilty of a crime.
20. Prisoner – a person who is kept in prison as a punishment.
21. Claimant – a person who brings a civil action in a court of law.
22. Terrorist – a person who engages in terrorism.
23. Lawbreaker – a person who breaks the law.
24. Shoplifter – a person who steals goods from a shop during shopping hours.
25. Guard – а person who protects, keeps watch, or acts as a sentinel.
26. Police officer – a member of a police force.
27. Vandal – a person who deliberately causes damage or destruction to personal or public property.
28. Spy – a person who secretly collects and reports information about the activities of another country or organization.
29. Hacker – a computer fanatic, who through a personal computer breaks into the computer system of a company, government, etc.
30. Gangster – a member of a gang of criminals; mobster.
| 1. Trial – legal proceedings to judge whether someone is guilty of a crime.
2. Lawsuit – a proceeding in a court of law brought by one party against another.
3. Joint trial – the trial of two or more persons for the same or similar offenses conducted within the framework of one trial.
4. To bring charges against – to charge someone with a crime.
5. To sue – to start legal proceedings in the civil court against someone.
6. To file a complaint – bring an action in court.
7. To indict smb for felony – to accuse of a criminal offence.
8. Сriminal prosecution – the institution and conduct of legal proceedings against a defendant for criminal behavior.
9. To present evidence– to present anything that helps to prove that something is true or false.
10. To detain a person – to arrest someone.
11. Administration of legislation – application of the law.
12. To enforce a law – to provide the observance of law.
13. To authenticate – to make (a written instrument) valid and effective by marking with one's signature.
14. Interrogate – To examine by questioning formally or officially.
15. To abandon an action – to stop the investigation.
16. To come to terms – to reach an agreement.
17. Commute punishment – to mitigate of sentence
18. To plead to the constitution– to refer to the constitution.
19. To settle a dispute – to end an argument or solve a disagreement.
20. To indict – to officially accuse someone of committing a crime.
21. To issue smb. a summons – to inform somebody about the legal session (with the help of a summons).
22. To bring lawsuit – to commence legal proceedings.
23. То go beyond the law – to commit something illegal.
24. An opening statement – introductory remarks made by an attorney at the commencement of a trial, in which he outlines the evidence that is expected to be proven.
25. To examine a witness – to ask some questions to get to know the details of the case.
26. Direct examination – the initial questioning of a party or witness by the side that called him or her to testify.
27. Cross-examination – the process of asking detailed questions of a witness in a trial, in order to discover if they have been telling the truth.
28. To bring in a verdict – to make a decision if a person guilty or not.
29. To appear before the court – to participate in legal proceedings.
30. To notify the defendant of the lawsuit – to inform the defendant about the legal proceeding.
| 1. Court – the place where the trial is held.
2. The dock – the part of a law court where the person who is charged with a crime stands.
3. Jury box – the place where the jury sits in a court.
4. Witness box – the place in a court of law where a witness stands to answer questions.
5. Verdict – the decision of a trial jury or a judge that determines the guilt or innocence of a criminal defendant.
6. Warrant – сourt authorization, most often for law enforcement officers, to conduct a search or make an arrest.
7. Autopsy – an examination of a dead body to find the cause of death.
8. To nab – to catch or arrest a criminal.
9. Extradition – the surrender of an alleged offender or fugitive to the state in whose territory the alleged offence was committed.
10. To serve a sentence – to be in jail.
11. The judge's bench – the chair used by a judge during courtroom proceedings (usually elevated on a podium).
12. The public gallery – the gallery in a chamber of Parliament reserved for members of the public who wish to listen to the proceedings.
13. Culprit – someone who has committed a crime or done something wrong.
(обвиняемый) 14. Attenuating circumstances – circumstances which make a situation less strong.
15. Power of attorney – the legal right to act for someone else in their financial or business matters, or the document that gives you this right.
16. Aggravating circumstances – сircumstances, facts, or situations that increase the culpability, liability, or the measure of damages or punishment for a crime or a tort.
17. Accomplice – a person who helps another in committing a crime.
18. Confinement cell – a place where the accused are kept while the pre-trial investigation into their crimes is completed.
19. Juvenile court – a law court having jurisdiction over youths, generally those of less than 18 years.
20. To lapse – to be no longer valid or active.
21. Presumption of innocence – a principle that one is considered innocent unless proven guilty.
22. To break the law – to do something that is illegal.
23. Evidence – the material and information that is used in a court case to show innocence or guilt.
24. Statement – a formal description of what happened or was observed.
25. Mitigation – an attempt to keep the sentence to a minimum.
26. Judicial panel – a set of judges who sit together to hear a cause of action, most frequently an appeal from a ruling of a trial court judge.
27. Frame-up – the act of framing someone, providing false evidence or false testimony in order to falsely prove someone guilty of a crime.
28. Сivil case – a noncriminal lawsuit, usually involving private property rights
29. Сriminal case – the body of law dealing with criminal offenses and their punishment.
30. Amnesty – a pardon granted by the government and effected by statute.
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