Презентации по грамматике
методическая разработка по английскому языку (7 класс)

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__________ (be) the adults angry with children when they ___________ windows? When it _______ (be) windy, it ____________ (become) difficult to walk. If you _________ (not be) careful enough, you ___________ (may / drop) things. If you ____________ (not have) any friends, you ___________ (celebrate) your birthdays alone. If you __________ (take) a hot potato, you _____________ (may / burn) your hands. Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs, using the Conditional type “0”: Are break is becomes are not may drop don’t have celebrate take may burn

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If I _____________ (not hurry up), I __________ (be) late for the meeting. If I ____________ (not go) to the shop now, I __________ (not have) anything to eat for dinner. __________ the bees _________ (bite) me if I ___________ (not run) fast? If my friend __________ (not be) at home, I __________ (call) him later. If my daughter ______ (get) a good mark today, I ____________ (buy) her an ice-cream. Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs, using the Conditional type “1”: don’t hurry up will be don’t go won’t have Will don’t run isn’t will call gets will buy bite

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If I hide under this lamp, nobody will find me. If I keep silence , nobody will hear me. Conditionals: types 0&1 When I don’t want to eat healthily, this spinach always finds ways to make me eat it .

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If it rains , everything gets wet . When the autumn comes , the leaves fall down. When children play in the mud, their clothes become dirty. If / when + Present Simple Present Simple Условные предложения типа «0» используются для выражения общеизвестных или научных фактов. В этом типе придаточных предложений можно использовать when вместо if.

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When you _______ (eat) too much, you _____ (get) fat. When you _________ (heat) water to 100 degrees, it ________ (boil). When children _______ (get) bad marks, they _______ (be) punished. When the weather ______ (be) cold, people _________ (wear) warm clothes. He _______ (take) an aspirin, when he _______ (have) a headache. We _________ (not use) calculators when we _______ (write) tests. __________ she _________ (use) olive oil when she _________ (cook) salads? Put the verbs in the correct form : eat get heat boils get are is wear takes has don’t use write Does cooks use

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Present Simple Утвердительная форма Отрицательная форма Вопросительная форма I / you / we / they go to the cinema. I / you / we / they don’t go to the cinema. Do I / you / we / they go to the cinema? He / she / it goes to the cinema . He / she / it doesn’t go to the cinema . Does he / she / it go to the cinema ? I am tired. I am not tired. Am I tired? He / she / it is tired . He / she / it is not tired. Is he / she / it tired ? You / we / they are tired. You / we / they are not tired Are you / we / they tired?

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If you don’t pay my bills, I will not cook dinner for you. If you spend so much money on your stupid jewellery, I will not pay your bills! If you drink so much beer every day, you will become even fatter than you are now. If you don’t stop shouting at each other, I will run away from home! If / when + Present Simple Future Simple Условные предложения типа « 1 » используются для описания реальной или вероятной ситуации в будущем .

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You _______ ( be) late if you _________ (not hurry) up. I _______ (buy) a car if I ______ (have) enough money. If you ________ (finish) your homework quickly, we _________ (have) time to watch a film. She ____________ (talk) to him if she ______(see) him tomorrow. ________ I _______ (pass) an exam if I _______ (study) hard, Mom? ________ she _______ (have) a chance to relax if she _________ (do) all the housework? ________ you _______ (be) happy if your parents _________ (buy) you a pet? You ______ (lose) the key if you _____ (not be) careful. Put the verbs in the correct form: will be don’t hurry have have finish will have will talk sees Will pass study Will Will does be will buy buy will lose are not

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Does this sign mean that I _____________ swim here? This is your pocket money. But remember, you _______________ spend it on video games. _________ I talk to Lucy, please? No? ________ you tell her that Mary called her? I ___________ enter and have a shot, but I __________ force myself to do that, I am too scared. I ________________________ (become) a respected person, but I became a beggar. I tried hard but I ___________ tell you the truth, dear. Complete the sentences with necessary modal verbs: can’t / mustn’t can’t / mustn’t Can / may Could must can’t could / might have become wasn’t able to

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All people _____________ put cans in the recycling bins. I will try to understand these signs, otherwise I ___________ get lost in this strange place. I ____________ work hard in the garden yesterday, that’s why I am so tired today. ______ we really ________________ play our music so loudly? When I was younger I _________ run after the bus, but now I ________ do that. Look at that man in the swimming pool. He _____________ (have) a good time. should / ought to might had to Do need to \ have to could can’t must be having

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You shouldn’t have woken me up, buddy. Modal Verbs have to must might should could I shouldn’t have opened its sarcophagus !

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Настоящее Прошлое Будущее can could нет, но используется will be able to must нет, но используется had to нет, но используется will have to have to had to will have to need to needed to will need to may might нет ОТЛИЧИТЕЛЬНЫЕ СВОЙСТВА МОДАЛЬНЫХ ГЛАГОЛОВ Не имеют окончания —s в 3-м лице единственого числа настоящего времени . He can do it. He may take it. He must go there. He ought to help him. Вопросительная и отрицательная формы модальных глаголов образуются без вспомогательного глагола . Can you do it? May I take it? Must he go there? Ought he to help him ? He ought not to help him. He need not do it.

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Глаголы выражающие разрешение / запрет Can / May I go out? May используется в более формальных вопросах can; m ay; can’t; m ustn’t You mustn’t / can’t drop litter class.

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Глаголы выражающие возможность Studying Maths can’t be boring. Выражает теоретическую возможность can; could / may / might I will take a map. I might get lost without it. Выражает возможность / вероятность в конкретной ситуации

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Глаголы выражающие возможность в прошлом I could have lived a happy life, but I was sent to prison. Относится к событиям в прошлом, которые могли произойти, но не произошли. could / might / would + perfect infinitive I might have cooked a perfect dish.

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________________ I open the window? It’s too hot here. Why didn't Liz apply for the job? She ___________________ (get) it. ________________ I take your e-mail address? We _______________________ (go) away if we'd had enough money. You ________________ park here. It’s forbidden. Listen! ___________ you hear that noise? I ________________________ (hear) the noise coming from the forest if I had listened carefully. Reading a good book __________ be boring! ____________ I take your pen for a second? Don’t touch the hot oven. You _____________ get burnt. Can / may could/might have got Can / may could / might have gone can’t / mustn’t Can could / might have heard can’t May might

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Глаголы выражающие способность / неспособность Was / wasn’t able to относится к определенной, конкретной ситуации в прошлом. can / could / was able to I can climb rocks easily. I could climb rocks when I was younger. I tried hard but I wasn’t able to find the way to the hotel .

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Глаголы выражающие необходимость, обязанность must; have to / had to; should / ought to I haven't heard from Tom for ages. I must phone him. Must означает, что говорящий именно так думает, что это он сам принимает решение. Have to передает установленные кем-то правила или внешние обстоятельства, факты, но не личное решение. I have to phone our suppliers every week.

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Глаголы выражающие необходимость, обязанность must; have to / had to; should / ought to Так как must не употребляется в прошедшем времени, то have to его «замещает» в Past Simple . I am so tired! I had to do a lot of work yesterday. You ought to / should help your mother about the house instead of playing.

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I ____________ ride a motorbike when I was young but now I _________ . He says that we __________ be at the train station by 7 pm. I _________ contact the school for further information. I thought a lot, but I _____________ find an answer to this difficult question. I _____________ read or write when I was four. I learnt how to do this only at the age of seven. I saw him yesterday, but I ___________ speak to him. He was in a hurry. I am so tired! I ____________ solve a lot of problems yesterday. You _______________ clean your room twice a week. could can’t have to must wasn’t able to couldn’t wasn’t able to had to should / ought to

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Глаголы выражающие отсутствие необходимости don’t have to; didn’t have to; needn’t It’s my duty to sew. You don’t have to / needn’t do it, dear. You didn’t have to buy so much food.

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Where is your husband? Глаголы выражающие предположения, догадки must; may/might/could; can’t/couldn’t I don’t know. He may be drinking beer at the bar with his friends. This donkey is moving slower and slower. It must be tired . Выражает большую степень уверенности. Выражает предположение, возможность .

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Выражение порицания, неодобрения could; should; ought to The children are looking at you! You could at least hide your cigarette! Late again? It’s midnight! You could at least have phoned me! Порицание относится к настоящему времени. Порицание относится к тому действию, которое уже произошло.

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You ______________________ go if you don’t want to. Nobody forces you to become her friend but you ______________ at least be polite with her. Why did you leave the party so early? You ________________________ (stay) a little bit longer. They were lucky. They _________________ (be) killed in this dangerous district. John hasn’t come yet. He _______ (be) on his way home. He didn’t come home on time. Something _________________ (delay) him. That ____________ be John. John has blue eyes and red hair. I don’t know what is wrong with my mobile. It doesn’t receive messages. Its memory __________ be full. don’t need to / don’t have to could / should should / could have stayed could have been must be must have delayed can’t may

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Complete the sentences with “to + infinitive” or –ing form using the pictures: I remember being a cheerleader in 1946. I remember performing in front of thousands of spectators . Example:

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It seems to me that you have forgotten ____________ food in my bowl, master. I will never forget ____________ with sharks in the Pacific Ocean. I remember ___________ football in the World Championship in 1976. Do you remember ___________ your pills twice a day? to put swimming to take playing

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Being retired means ________ nothing all day long. Sorry, I didn’t mean ___________ (scare) you, my dear lady. I regret ____________ that your son has failed all his exams. I regret _________ football near this house and I also regret _________ the window. doing to scare playing breaking to say

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I am trying hard not ________ down, but it’s very difficult. My wardrobe isn’t big enough. Maybe I should try _________ a bigger one? You are a good child, stop __________ (behave) like an idiot! I am late for work today because I stopped ________ (buy) a newspaper. to fall buying to buy behaving

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I am not injured! I don’t want __________ (undergo) an operation! Oh, this computer is out of order. It wants ____________ . I can’t swim and I am in the middle of the ocean. I am afraid of __________ . What’s that behind the door? I am afraid ________ (go) there. to undergo repairing to go drowning

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I didn’t expect the babies to be so stinky! I’m not very good at changing diapers. Infinitives vs Gerunds I am running to the field to hunt . I am looking forward to catching a lot of insects.

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I can’t stay at the hospital any more. I will be so happy to return home! I can’t read all these documents and answer the phone at the same time. It wasn’t very clever of them to give me so many different tasks. ▪ Infinitive ( без « to » ) используется после модальных глаголов: Must ( должен), can ( мочь), should ( следует), ▪ To-infinitive используется после прилагательных - обозначающих эмоции: happy , glad, sad описывающих характер человека: clever, kind, polite (вежливый) lucky и fortunate ( удачливый)

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I will not let you go home! I will make you stay at a camp and clean the toilets. ▪ To-infinitive используется после словосочетаний be the first / second / next/ last и т.д. ▪ Infinitive ( без « to » ) используется после глаголов: let ( позволять), make ( заставлять) No, sir. I will be the first to leave this camp and the last to clean the toilets.

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Poor thing! You would rather go home and have a rest. ▪ To-infinitive используется в устойчивых выражениях to tell the truth – по правде говоря to be honest – если честно, то to sum up – подводя итог to begin with – начать с того, что ▪ Infinitive ( без « to » ) используется после выражений со значением «лучше бы»: had better , would rather To tell you the truth , I can’t go home because nobody is waiting for me there.

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_______________ ( begin with), you can’t afford to buy this expensive car. - I have a headache. - You would rather ___________ (take) an aspirin. - May I go and play with friends, Mom? – No, I can’t let you ___________ (go) outside before you do your homework. Our teacher is awful. He makes us __________ (learn) a new poem every day. It’s very kind of you ___________ (help) me carry these heavy bags. I was very lucky ___________ (win) the lottery. ____________ (sum up), we all should ________ (work) very hard next year. You mustn’t __________ (drop) litter in the streets. To begin with take go learn to help to win To sum up work drop

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I use a brush to paint a picture. to + infinitive ▪ используется для выражения цели ( для того чтобы). I came here to clean your flat, master. I spent two hours living like a dog. This silly man always wastes his time trying to catch me. ▪ используется после словосочетаний с глаголами spend (проводить, тратить) , waste (растрачивать) , lose (терять) . - ing form

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I like travelling abroad. But this summer I would like to spend time in my country house. to + infinitive ▪ используется для выражения особого предпочтения после would like, would prefer, would love I hate sleeping on the sofa. It’s so uncomfortable! I would prefer to sleep on a soft wide bed. - ing form ▪ используется для выражения общего предпочтения после like, love, hate, enjoy, prefer, dislike и т.д.

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Don’t waste your time ________ (try) to understand this difficult rule. This teenager spends all his time ___________ (play) computer games. I would like ____________ (learn) more about this tourist destination. The tourists come to this village __________ (look) at the ancient temple. Do you prefer ___________ (ski) or __________ (sledge) ? He dislikes ______________ (walk) when the weather is cold. You should write the new words many times ___________ (memorize) them. trying playing to learn to look skiing sledging walking to memorize

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- ing form ▪ используется после предлога “to” с выражениями: look forward to [' fɔːwəd ] - с нетерпением ожидать be / get used to [ ju ͟ː st ] - быть привычным к чему-либо / привыкать in addition to [ ə'dɪʃən ] вдобавок, в дополнение к object to [ əb'ʤekt ] - возражать против чего-либо I am looking forward to eating this wonderful ice-cream. I am not used to losing such important games.

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It’s too heavy to lift . to + infinitive ▪ to + infinitive используется после “too” (слишком) и “enough” [ ɪ'nʌf ] (достаточно) ▪ - ing form используется в роли подлежащего I am not brave enough to touch it. Working in the zoo is great! Living on a deserted island is awful. - ing form

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She watched her siblings fighting . infinitive ▪ - ing form используется после конструкций с глаголами hear, listen to, notice, see, watch, feel для описания незавершенного действия ▪ infinitive без “to” используется с теми же глаголами для описания завершенного действия - ing form She watched her siblings fight and then play together again. ;

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I am looking forward to ______________ (get) your answer as soon as possible. I saw my mother ____________ (cook) dinner and ___________ (drop) the plate in the end. I saw my friend ___________ (wait) for the bus yesterday. ___________ (work) at the busy office means __________ (do) the tasks very quickly. He is not clever enough ____________ (solve) this problem. This story is too long ___________ (read) it quickly. My aunt is not used to ____________ (live) in the city because she was born in the village. getting cook drop waiting Working doing to solve to read living

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Don’t avoid talking to me! You always deny drinking too much beer. ▪ - ing form используется после глаголов: admit [ əd'mɪt ] признавать appreciate [ ə ' priːʃɪeɪt ] (высоко) ценить avoid [ə'vɔɪd ] избегать, остерегаться consider [kən'sɪdə ] рассматривать, считать, полагать continue [kən'tɪnjuː ] продолжать deny [ dɪ'naɪ ] отрицать fancy [' fænsɪ ] хотеть imagine [ɪ'mæʤɪn ] воображать, представлять себе mind [ maɪnd ] возражать, иметь что-л. против prevent [prɪ'vent ] предотвращать, предупреждать suggest [ sə'ʤest ] предлагать Would you mind closing your mouth, my dear? - ing form

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I have decided to go on a diet. I am planning to grow wonderful plants in this garden. ▪ используется после глаголов, обозначающих действия, относящиеся к будущему: agree [ ə'gri ː] соглашаться appear [ ə'pɪə ] производить впечатление; казаться decide [dɪ'saɪd ] решать, принимать решение, expect [ɪk'spekt ] предполагать, ожидать hope [həup ] надеяться (на что-л.) plan [ plæn ] планировать, намереваться promise [' prɔmɪs ] обещать, давать обещание refuse [rɪ'fjuːz ] отказывать ( ся ); отклонять want [ wɔnt ] хотеть to + infinitive

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I always have trouble saving money! This joke is so funny! I can’t help laughing . ▪ используется после таких выражений как: be busy [' bɪzɪ ] быть занятым it’s no use [ juːs ] бесполезно what’s the use of – какой смысл, какой прок (от) it’s worth [ wɜ ː θ] стоит, имеет смысл ≠ it’s not worth there is no point (in) – нет смысла, незачем it’s no good – ничего хорошего, никакой пользы can’t help – не могу не can’t stand – не переносить have difficulty (in) [' dɪfɪkəltɪ ] испытывать трудности have trouble [' trʌbl ] испытывать трудности - ing form

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I am having trouble _____________ (learn) the second foreign language. I hope ___________ (pass) this exam successfully. Most people can’t stand ___________ (wait) in a queue. Most teens always promise not _______ (do) this or that, but they usually don’t keep their word. I don’t deny ___________ (break) the window. I only refuse __________ (pay) for the damage. Don’t avoid _________ (talk) to people you don’t know. The government plans ____________ (ban) cars in the city centre. Can you imagine __________ (steal) paintings from the Louvre? The police should prevent ___________ (commit) crimes. learning to pass waiting to do breaking to pay talking to ban committing stealing