Дополнительные упр-я
методическая разработка по теме

Task . Read and translate the story. Underline Complex Object. Make up 10 questions. Retell the story.

GEORGE BROWN

      O.Henry was а famous American humorist and an author of many short stories. He wrote stories with unpredictable endings and always asked his friends to let him know if something interesting happened to them. He had а friend, whose name was Tripp. He was а young man, but he looked forty, because he never washed or shaved. He often wanted O.Henry to give him money, so he could spend it on whisky.

      One day Tripp met а girl who was in New York for the first time of her life, she said, “1 would like you to help me find George Brown. I want to see him. I am getting married to а farmer, but I have to see George Brown first.” Tripp was a kind man, he did not want anything bad to happen to the girl, and he put her in the hotel аand told her to wait.

      Tripp found O.Henry and told him that he expected him to help one girl by giving her the money to come to her village and pay for her hotel. Tripp also wanted O.Henry to give him a dollar for whisky. In return Tripp promised to tell the writer a story, he could use. O.Henry did everything, and then Tripp told him that the girl’s name was Ada, she loved George Brown and wanted him to marry her. Brown left the village when he was nineteen, but she expected him to come back and waited for him. Then her parents started making her marry another man, and Ada came to find George Brown. Before the man left, he had cut a cent into two pieces. Не left one for himself and let Ada have the other piece. That was the story.

      Then Tripp took his cheap watch out of his pocket, and the writer saw half of the cent George Brown and Tripp were one and the same man, but Tripp did not want Ada to understand that. O.Henry took out a dollar and let Tripp have it.

LEXICAL EXERCISES  ( Unit 3 )

8 FORM

1. What is the main holiday in the USA? You’ll learn about it and the way people celebrate it if

    you:

   l) Complete the chart;

  2) Fill in the text using suitable words from the chart. Make the necessary changes.

     It’s one of the most important ___________   ______________ in the United states. On this day in 1776 the United States declared their independence from England. This holiday started

______________ of the America’s birthday . People ___________ it on the 4th of July with picnics, parades and fireworks. They have fun taking part in baseball games,

three-legged races, and a pie-eating or watermelon-eating ____________. People ___________ watching parades or marching to the __________ of high school bands. For many people it is a holiday and a day to ___________ and ___________ themselves. Wherever Americans are they will get together for a __________ 4th of July.

   2. IN YOUR CULTURE What happens in your city/country at these special times?

    1) Match the holidays and their descriptions.

 New Year’s Eve is a night when                                      people honour women by giving them

                                                                                                                 flowers and presents.

April 1st is a day when                                                  people play tricks on friends.

February 23rd is a holiday when                                      pupils and students start the new

                                                                                                               academic year.

March 8th is a day when                                                  people in our country honour workers.

Victory Day is a holiday when                                      people have parties and stay up until

                                                                                          midnight to see the new year in.

September 1st is a day when                                                  people have parades and ceremonies

                                                                                          to honour those who died in the

                                                                                         Great Patriotic War.

Easter is a religious holiday when                                      people honour members of the armed

                                                                                                                                         forces.

Labour Day is a holiday when                                      many people have gatherings eating

                                                                                                    dyed eggs, paskha and kulich.

Christmas is a religious holiday when                            people have parties, light candles and

                                                                                                              give each other gifts.

     2) Write about your favourite day or festival. The following questions may help you. (creative writing)

1. What is your favourite festival?
2. When is it?                                            
3. What kind of day is it?        
4. How do you celebrate it?
5. Do you eat any special food?
6. What do you like most about it?

CONGRATULATIONS AND WISHES

    What might the Queen write in her telegram to a person who is celebrating his/her 100th  

     birthday? (reading for specific information)

Read and translate the text.

Environment.

Every year a lot of people around the globe get more and more environmentally concerned. First of all we pay attention that we drink dirty water contaminated by poisonous chemicals, and it harms our health. Then we notice how acid rains damage our hair and it starts going out. The layer of ozone does not protect the earth from harmful radiation any more, as there are a lot of growing ozone holes. Sun radiation causes cancer. Animals die out, because they are killed by man and poisonous environment.

It is very important for everybody to understand that it is our responsibility to preserve the nature and help the earth to survive. I have a lot of friends who are very environmentally aware.

My friend Kate is a vegetarian. She does not eat meat, because she against bad conditions the animals are kept in. Kate never uses any products without a special label “not tested on animals” or “against animal testing”. She thinks it is unfair that animals should die for the sake of creating a better lipstick or shampoo for people. Naturally Kate does not wear any fur and is trying to avoid wearing leather boots as much as she can.

I respect my friends’ views very much and though I am not that good yet, I am improving and start noticing things. Now I understand that what we do now will preserve the world for our children.

READING  (FORM 8)

( UNIT 2 )

1.а) Listen to the opinion of the journalist Ann Halliday describing holidays as modern wonder.

Holidays

        Yes — holidays! In fact there have always been holidays — in ancient Rome there were more than 150 а year but a holiday used to mean simply а day when you didn’t work. Now holidaymakers travel to all parts of the world. Perhaps you don’t like so many tourists in your country, but you must agree that a phenomenon which sees a population of Greece treble1 in summer, and which sends office workers and shop assistants, tеасhers and students to different countries is а wonder of the world.

b) Which of these statements are true according to the text?

1. А holiday used to mean а day when you didn’t work.

2.  In ancient Rome there were more than 150 thousand hоlidауmаkers а year.

3. Perhaps Greeks don’t like to sее so many tourists in their country.

4.  А phenomenon, which allows you to see the world, is a modern wonder.

2. а) Listen to Kate’s opinion about travelling.

      I’m fond of travelling. I see and learn а lot of things that I can never see or learn at home, though I may read about them in books and newspapers, and I treble (утраиваться, увеличиваться втрое) see pictures of them on TV. The best way to study geography is to trаvel, and the best way to get to know and understand the people is to meet them in their own homes. It  is always interesting to discover new things, different ways of life, to meet different people, to try different food, to listen to different musical rhythms. Travel broadens уour mind and scope1.

       I don’t like а quiet holiday by the sea or in the mountains with nothing to do but walk and bathe and laze in the sun. I’d rather travel to see different countries, modern cities and the ruins of ancient towns.

b) Complete the sentences according to the text.

1. Travelling is the best way to see and learn ______________ .

2. The best way to get to know and understand people is_____________ .

3. Travel broadens ______________ .

4. Some people would rather______________ but others prefer_____________.

3. а) Read the text. 

The Origin of Mass Tourism

1

In the lаte eighteenth century, sea water gained a reputation for its medicinal properties and as a

result many British coastal fishing villages were transformed into fashionable resorts. Brighton and  Weymоuth both became popular with holidaymakers after George III paid them а visit to try and cure illnesses he suffered.

2.

The earliest organisation of anything that we would recognize today as tourism started in the

mid-nineteenth century. Thomas Cook is historically credited with organising the first ever tourist excursion in 1841 when he sold tickets for a train ride from Leicester to Loughborough.

Missionary Henry Lunn pioneered the skiing holiday just а few years later.

3.

It was the Industriаl Revolution that really began to open up tourism to the working classes. As a

result of the widespread social and technological reforms a new middle class that could afford to

travel grew up.

    The Bank Holiday  Act of Parliament in 1971, creating four annual public holidays and the

Factory Act of 1901, which gave the first ever paid annual holiday allowance of six days, provided the necessary to give the working British public leisure time at no financial loss.

4.

 In only а century the holiday has changed beyond recognition. In 1890 a typical family holiday would be a day trip to the nearest seaside town. The 1990s family, however, is far more likely to take a two-week package tour to the Mediterranean, where the whоle holiday will be paid for before leaving home and one can enjoy the guaranteed sunshine.

b) Choose а heading for each paragraph of the text from а—е. There is one extra heading which you don’t need to use.

а) The first travel agents

b) The first private companies

с) From day trip to package tour

d) Sea-water cures and the beginnings of tourism

е) The role of social and technological reforms

с) Answer the questions.

1. Who are two people whose names are still prominent in the travel industry?

2 What were the two Acts of Parliament which created the preconditions for mass tourism?

SPORT IN THE UK

Lexical exercises ( 8 FORM )

      The Olympic Games have a very long history. They began in 777 BC in Greece and  took place every four years for nearly twelve centuries at Olimpia. They included many different kinds of sports: running, boxing, wrestling, etc. All the cities in Greece sent their best athletes to Olimpia to compete in the Games. For the period of the Games all the wars stopped. So the Olympic Games became the symbol of peace and friendship.

     In 394 AD the Games were abolished and were not renewed until many centuries later.

     In 1896 the International Olympic Committee was set up. It is the central policymaking body of the Olympic movement. It is formed by the representatives of all countries which take part in the Olympic Games. The International Olympic Committee decides upon the programme of the games, the number of the participants and the cityhost for the Games. Over one hundred and fifty countries are represented in the International Olympic Committee now. Besides, each country has its National Olympic Committee.

    Football is the most popular team game in Britain. The British invented it and it has spread to every corner of the world. There is no British team. England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland compete separately in European and World Cup matches. Rugby

   There is another game called rugby football, so called because it originated at Rugby, a well-known English public school. In this game the players may carry the ball. Rugby football (or 'rugger') is played with an egg-shaped ball, which may be carried and thrown (but not forward). The ball is passed from hand to hand rather than from foot to foot. If a player is carrying the ball he may be 'tackled' and made to fall down. Each team has fifteen players, who spend a lot of time lying in the mud or on top of each other and become very dirty, but do not need to wear such heavily protective clothing as players of American football.

     The game particularly associated with England is cricket. Judging by the numbers of people who play it and watch it, cricket is definitely not the national sport of Britain. In Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, interest in it is largely confined to the middle classes. Only in England and a small part of Wales is it played at top level. And even in England, where its enthusiasts come from all classes, the majority of the population do not understand its rules. Moreover, it is rare for the English national team to be the best in the world.

     Cricket is, therefore, the national English game in a symbolic sense. However, to some people cricket is more than just a symbol. The comparatively low attendance at top class matches does not give a true picture of the level of interest in the country. One game of cricket takes a terribly long time, which a lot of people simply don't have to spare. Eleven players in each team. Test matches between national teams can last up to five days of six hours each. Top club teams play matches lasting between two and four days. There are also one-day matches lasting about seven hours.

     Traditionally, the favourite sports of the British upper class are hunting, shooting and fishing. The most widespread form of hunting is foxhunting — indeed, that is what the word ‘hunting’ usually means in Britain. Foxhunting works like this. A group of people on horses, dressed in eighteenth century riding clothes, ride around with a pack of dogs. When the dogs pick up the scent of a fox, somebody blows a horn and then dogs, horses and riders all chase the fox. Often the fox gets away, but if not, the dogs get to it before the hunters and tear it to pieces.

     Killing birds with guns is known as 'shooting' in Britain. It is a minority pastime confined largely to the higher social classes; there are more than three times as many licensed guns for this purpose in France as there are in Britain. The birds which people try to shoot (such as grouse) may only be shot during certain specified times of the year. The upper classes often organize 'shooting parties' during the 'season'. The British do not shoot small animals or birds for sport, though some farmers who shoot rabbits or pigeons may enjoy doing so.

      The one kind of ‘hunting’ which is popular among all social classes is fishing. In fact, this is the most popular participatory sport of all in Britain. Between four and five million people go fishing regularly. When fishing is done competitively, it is called ‘angling’. The most popular of all outdoor sports is fishing, from the banks of lakes or rivers or in the sea, from jetties, rocks or beaches. Some British lakes and rivers are famous for their trout or salmon, and attract enthusiasts from all over the world.

      There are all kinds of racing in England — horse-racing, motorcar racing, boat-racing, dog-racing, and even races for donkeys. On sports days at school boys and girls run races, and even train for them. There is usually a mile race for older boys, and the one who wins it is certainly a good runner. Usually those who run a race go as fast as possible, but there are some races in which everybody has to go very carefully in order to avoid falling.

     Horse racing is big business, along with the betting which sustains it. Every day of the year, except Sundays, there is a race meeting at least one of Britain's several dozen racecourses. Nine-tenths of the betting is done by people all over the country, by post or at local betting shops, and it is estimated that a tenth of all British men bet regularly on horse races, many of them never going to a race course.

  Rounders

     This sport is rather similar to American baseball and ancient Russian lapta, but it certainly does not have the same image. It has a long history in England as something that people (young and old, male and female) can play together at village fetes. It is often seen as not being a proper ‘sport’. The British have a preference for team games. Individual sports such as athletics, cycling, gymnastics and swimming have comparatively small followings. Large numbers of people become interested in them only when British competitors do well in international events. The more popular individual sports are those in which socializing is an important aspect (such as tennis, golf, sailing and snooker). It is notable in this context that, apart from international competitions, the only athletics event which generates a lot of enthusiasm is the annual London Marathon. Most of the tens of thousands of participants in this race are 'fun runners' who are merely trying to complete it, sometimes in outrageous costumes, and so collect money for charity. The biggest new development in sport has been with long-distance running. 'Jogging', for healthy outdoor exercise, needing no skill or equipment, became popular in the 1970s, and soon more and more people took it seriously.

The Highland Games

Scottish Highland Games, at which sports (including tossing the caber, putting the weight and throwing the hammer), dancing and piping competitions take place, attract large numbers of spectators from all over the world. These meetings are held every year in different places in the Scottish Highlands. They include the clans led by their pipers, dressed in their kilts, tartan plaids, and plumed bonnets, who march round the arena.

TEXT

Chаrliе and the Great Glass Elevator.

    Charlie had won Mr.Wonka’s famous Chocolate Factory and now his parents, his four grandparents and Mr.Wonka were on the way to the factory. Rich and joyful, they were traveling in the Great Glass Lift (or Elevator). Thc Elevator was going higher and higher, faster and faster. The sky was brilliant blue. Everybody on board was wildly excited at the thought of going to live in the famous Chocolate Factory. Grandpa was singing, Charlie was jumping up and down, his father and mother were smiling for the first time in years. Higher and higher rushed the Great Glass Elevator until soon they could see the countries and oceans of the Earth spread out below them like a map. It was all very beautiful, but when you are standing on a glass floor looking down, it gives you a nasty  feeling. Even Charlie was beginning to feel frightened now. “I’m scared”, he said to his Grandpa. “So am I, Сharlie”, he said. “Mr.Wonka”, Charlie shouted. “Don’t you think this is about high enough!” At this very moment the Elevator rolled over on to its side and the bed with the three old ones in it and Mr.Wonka on top lifted off the floor and hung in mid-air.

    In a moment the entire company, as well as the bed, were floating around like balloons inside the Great Glass Elevator. “What happened?” Grandma Josephine called out. She was floating near the ceiling in her nightshirt. “Did we go too far?” Charlie asked. “Too far?’ cried Mr.Wonka. Of course we went too far! We’ve gone into orbit! And now we are rushing around the Earth at 17000 miles an hour!” It‘s great”, said Grandpa Joe. “It feels as though I don’t weigh anything at all”. “You don’t”, said Mr.Wonka. “None of us weighs anything – not even one ounce. We are completely weightless”.

    The 3 old ones were trying to get back into bed, but without success. Every time they got above the bed and tried to lie down, they simply floated out of it. “We’ve got you out of bed at last”, laughed Charlie. “Shut up and help us back!” cried Grandma Josephine. “Forget it”, said Mr.Wonka. “You’ll never stay down. Just keep floating around and be happy”.

Questions:

1. Was Charlie with his family traveling to the Chocolate Factory?

2. Мr.Wоnkа was also in the Elevator, wasn’t he?

З. Was the Elevator flying fast or was it flying slowly?

4. Who had won the famous chocolate factory?

5. Why was everybody so excited at the beginning of the flight?

6. What did the people in the Glass Elevator see below them?

7. What happened to the people when the Elevator rolled over?

8. Ноw fast were they all fishing around the Earth?

9. What law worked in the Elevator?

10.What did Mr.Wonka finally advise the people in. the Glааs Еlevаtог to do?

UNIT 6    (Happy English-2)

TEST YOURSELF    (Косвенная речь и согласование времен)

Task1

 Change the following statements in the reported speech.

1. Tom says, “The letter was sent yesterday.”
2. He says, “Don’t tell a lie, Jack.”
3. “I am busy,” he said.
4. “Are you listening to me, Mary?” Jane said.
5. She said, “I don’t know this man.”

Task 2

 Translate into Russian.

1. She says that her hobby was stamp collecting.
2. She asked him if he liked living in New York.
3. She wondered how long he had been living in New York.
4. He denied that he had lived in Boston before.
5. I wonder where he has been.

Task 3

 Translate into English.

1. Они сказали, что читали эту книгу в прошлом году.
2. Она спросила, что сейчас делает его сестра.
3. Я спросил ее, сколько ей лет.
4. Вы знаете, который сейчас час.
5. Она признала, что была не права.

ПЕРЕВОД ОБЩИХ, АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНЫХ И СПЕЦИАЛЬНЫХ ВОПРОСОВ В КОСВЕННУЮ РЕЧЬ.

TASK: Переведите следующие предложения в косвенную речь.

General questions

1. “Do you collect stamps, John?” he says.
2. “Have you seen him today?” Ann says.

Alternative questions  

1. “Will he arrive on Sunday or on Monday?” she says.
2. “Is it 5 p.m. or 6p.m.?” the man says.

Special questions

1. “Where have you been?” mother says to her son.
2. When did they arrive?” Nina says to Mary.

ПЕРЕВОД ОБЩИХ, АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНЫХ И СПЕЦИАЛЬНЫХ ВОПРОСОВ В КОСВЕННУЮ РЕЧЬ.

TASK: Переведите следующие предложения в косвенную речь.

General questions

1. “Do you collect stamps, John?” he says.
2. “Have you seen him today?” Ann says.

Alternative questions  

1. “Will he arrive on Sunday or on Monday?” she says.
2. “Is it 5 p.m. or 6p.m.?” the man says.

Special questions

1. “Where have you been?” mother says to her son.
2. When did they arrive?” Nina says to Mary.

ПЕРЕВОД ОБЩИХ, АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНЫХ И СПЕЦИАЛЬНЫХ ВОПРОСОВ В КОСВЕННУЮ РЕЧЬ.

TASK: Переведите следующие предложения в косвенную речь.

General questions

3. “Do you collect stamps, John?” he says.
4. “Have you seen him today?” Ann says.

Alternative questions  

3. “Will he arrive on Sunday or on Monday?” she says.
4. “Is it 5 p.m. or 6p.m.?” the man says.

Special questions

3. “Where have you been?” mother says to her son.
4. When did they arrive?” Nina says to Mary.

ПЕРЕВОД ОБЩИХ, АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНЫХ И СПЕЦИАЛЬНЫХ ВОПРОСОВ В КОСВЕННУЮ РЕЧЬ.

TASK: Переведите следующие предложения в косвенную речь.

General questions

5. “Do you collect stamps, John?” he says.
6. “Have you seen him today?” Ann says.

Alternative questions  

5. “Will he arrive on Sunday or on Monday?” she says.
6. “Is it 5 p.m. or 6p.m.?” the man says.

Special questions

5. “Where have you been?” mother says to her son.
6. When did they arrive?” Nina says to Mary.

ПЕРЕВОД ОБЩИХ, АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНЫХ И СПЕЦИАЛЬНЫХ ВОПРОСОВ В КОСВЕННУЮ РЕЧЬ.

TASK: Переведите следующие предложения в косвенную речь.

General questions

7. “Do you collect stamps, John?” he says.
8. “Have you seen him today?” Ann says.

Alternative questions  

7. “Will he arrive on Sunday or on Monday?” she says.
8. “Is it 5 p.m. or 6p.m.?” the man says.

Special questions

7. “Where have you been?” mother says to her son.
8. When did they arrive?” Nina says to Mary.

ПЕРЕВОД ОБЩИХ, АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНЫХ И СПЕЦИАЛЬНЫХ ВОПРОСОВ В КОСВЕННУЮ РЕЧЬ.

TASK: Переведите следующие предложения в косвенную речь.

General questions

9. “Do you collect stamps, John?” he says.
10. “Have you seen him today?” Ann says.

Alternative questions  

9. “Will he arrive on Sunday or on Monday?” she says.
10. “Is it 5 p.m. or 6p.m.?” the man says.

Special questions

9. “Where have you been?” mother says to her son.
10. When did they arrive?” Nina says to Mary.

ПЕРЕВОД ОБЩИХ, АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНЫХ И СПЕЦИАЛЬНЫХ ВОПРОСОВ В КОСВЕННУЮ РЕЧЬ.

TASK: Переведите следующие предложения в косвенную речь.

General questions

11. “Do you collect stamps, John?” he says.
12. “Have you seen him today?” Ann says.

Alternative questions  

11. “Will he arrive on Sunday or on Monday?” she says.
12. “Is it 5 p.m. or 6p.m.?” the man says.

Special questions

11. “Where have you been?” mother says to her son.
12. When did they arrive?” Nina says to Mary.

ПЕРЕВОД ОБЩИХ, АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНЫХ И СПЕЦИАЛЬНЫХ ВОПРОСОВ В КОСВЕННУЮ РЕЧЬ.

TASK: Переведите следующие предложения в косвенную речь.

General questions

13. “Do you collect stamps, John?” he says.
14. “Have you seen him today?” Ann says.

Alternative questions  

13. “Will he arrive on Sunday or on Monday?” she says.
14. “Is it 5 p.m. or 6p.m.?” the man says.

Special questions

13. “Where have you been?” mother says to her son.
14. When did they arrive?” Nina says to Mary.

ПЕРЕВОД ОБЩИХ, АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНЫХ И СПЕЦИАЛЬНЫХ ВОПРОСОВ В КОСВЕННУЮ РЕЧЬ.

TASK: Переведите следующие предложения в косвенную речь.

General questions

15. “Do you collect stamps, John?” he says.
16. “Have you seen him today?” Ann says.

Alternative questions  

15. “Will he arrive on Sunday or on Monday?” she says.
16. “Is it 5 p.m. or 6p.m.?” the man says.

Special questions

15. “Where have you been?” mother says to her son.
16. When did they arrive?” Nina says to Mary.

ПЕРЕВОД ОБЩИХ, АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНЫХ И СПЕЦИАЛЬНЫХ ВОПРОСОВ В КОСВЕННУЮ РЕЧЬ.

TASK: Переведите следующие предложения в косвенную речь.

General questions

17. “Do you collect stamps, John?” he says.
18. “Have you seen him today?” Ann says.

Alternative questions  

17. “Will he arrive on Sunday or on Monday?” she says.
18. “Is it 5 p.m. or 6p.m.?” the man says.

Special questions

17. “Where have you been?” mother says to her son.
18. When did they arrive?” Nina says to Mary.

ПЕРЕВОД ОБЩИХ, АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНЫХ И СПЕЦИАЛЬНЫХ ВОПРОСОВ В КОСВЕННУЮ РЕЧЬ.

TASK: Переведите следующие предложения в косвенную речь.

General questions

19. “Do you collect stamps, John?” he says.
20. “Have you seen him today?” Ann says.

Alternative questions  

19. “Will he arrive on Sunday or on Monday?” she says.
20. “Is it 5 p.m. or 6p.m.?” the man says.

Special questions

19. “Where have you been?” mother says to her son.
20. When did they arrive?” Nina says to Mary.

ПЕРЕВОД ОБЩИХ, АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНЫХ И СПЕЦИАЛЬНЫХ ВОПРОСОВ В КОСВЕННУЮ РЕЧЬ.

TASK: Переведите следующие предложения в косвенную речь.

General questions

21. “Do you collect stamps, John?” he says.
22. “Have you seen him today?” Ann says.

Alternative questions  

21. “Will he arrive on Sunday or on Monday?” she says.
22. “Is it 5 p.m. or 6p.m.?” the man says.

Special questions

21. “Where have you been?” mother says to her son.
22. When did they arrive?” Nina says to Mary.

ПЕРЕВОД ОБЩИХ, АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНЫХ И СПЕЦИАЛЬНЫХ ВОПРОСОВ В КОСВЕННУЮ РЕЧЬ.

TASK: Переведите следующие предложения в косвенную речь.

General questions

23. “Do you collect stamps, John?” he says.
24. “Have you seen him today?” Ann says.

Alternative questions  

23. “Will he arrive on Sunday or on Monday?” she says.
24. “Is it 5 p.m. or 6p.m.?” the man says.

Special questions

23. “Where have you been?” mother says to her son.
24. When did they arrive?” Nina says to Mary.

ПЕРЕВОД ОБЩИХ, АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНЫХ И СПЕЦИАЛЬНЫХ ВОПРОСОВ В КОСВЕННУЮ РЕЧЬ.

TASK: Переведите следующие предложения в косвенную речь.

General questions

25. “Do you collect stamps, John?” he says.
26. “Have you seen him today?” Ann says.

Alternative questions  

25. “Will he arrive on Sunday or on Monday?” she says.
26. “Is it 5 p.m. or 6p.m.?” the man says.

Special questions

25. “Where have you been?” mother says to her son.
26. When did they arrive?” Nina says to Mary.

Перевод утвердительных и отрицательных предложений в косвенную речь.

Переведите в косвенную речь следующие предложения.

1. “I don’t watch the news,” he admits.- ______________________
2. “ I’ve been to England twice,” says Sergei.- _________________
3. “I am shorthanded,” she complains.-_______________________
4. “I don’t have a green thumb,” she reminds.- _________________
5. “I am not lying,” Mike says.- _____________________________
6. This is where I draw the line,” he thinks.- ___________________
7. He says, “I don’t stretch the truth, Mary.”- ___________________

Перевод утвердительных и отрицательных предложений в косвенную речь.

Переведите в косвенную речь следующие предложения.

1. “I don’t watch the news,” he admits.- ______________________
2. “ I’ve been to England twice,” says Sergei.- _________________
3. “I am shorthanded,” she complains.-_______________________
4. “I don’t have a green thumb,” she reminds.- _________________
5. “I am not lying,” Mike says.- _____________________________
6. This is where I draw the line,” he thinks.- ___________________
7. He says, “I don’t stretch the truth, Mary.”- ___________________

Перевод утвердительных и отрицательных предложений в косвенную речь.

Переведите в косвенную речь следующие предложения.

1. “I don’t watch the news,” he admits.- ______________________
2. “ I’ve been to England twice,” says Sergei.- _________________
3. “I am shorthanded,” she complains.-_______________________
4. “I don’t have a green thumb,” she reminds.- _________________
5. “I am not lying,” Mike says.- _____________________________
6. This is where I draw the line,” he thinks.- ___________________
7. He says, “I don’t stretch the truth, Mary.”- ___________________

Перевод утвердительных и отрицательных предложений в косвенную речь.

Переведите в косвенную речь следующие предложения.

1. “I don’t watch the news,” he admits.- ______________________
2. “ I’ve been to England twice,” says Sergei.- _________________
3. “I am shorthanded,” she complains.-_______________________
4. “I don’t have a green thumb,” she reminds.- _________________
5. “I am not lying,” Mike says.- _____________________________
6. This is where I draw the line,” he thinks.- ___________________
7. He says, “I don’t stretch the truth, Mary.”- ___________________

Перевод утвердительных и отрицательных предложений в косвенную речь.

Переведите в косвенную речь следующие предложения.

1. “I don’t watch the news,” he admits.- ______________________
2. “ I’ve been to England twice,” says Sergei.- _________________
3. “I am shorthanded,” she complains.-_______________________
4. “I don’t have a green thumb,” she reminds.- _________________
5. “I am not lying,” Mike says.- _____________________________
6. This is where I draw the line,” he thinks.- ___________________
7. He says, “I don’t stretch the truth, Mary.”- ___________________

Перевод утвердительных и отрицательных предложений в косвенную речь.

Переведите в косвенную речь следующие предложения.

1. “I don’t watch the news,” he admits.- ______________________
2. “ I’ve been to England twice,” says Sergei.- _________________
3. “I am shorthanded,” she complains.-_______________________
4. “I don’t have a green thumb,” she reminds.- _________________
5. “I am not lying,” Mike says.- _____________________________
6. This is where I draw the line,” he thinks.- ___________________
7. He says, “I don’t stretch the truth, Mary.”- ___________________

Перевод утвердительных и отрицательных предложений в косвенную речь.

Переведите в косвенную речь следующие предложения.

1. “I don’t watch the news,” he admits.- ______________________
2. “ I’ve been to England twice,” says Sergei.- _________________
3. “I am shorthanded,” she complains.-_______________________
4. “I don’t have a green thumb,” she reminds.- _________________
5. “I am not lying,” Mike says.- _____________________________
6. This is where I draw the line,” he thinks.- ___________________
7. He says, “I don’t stretch the truth, Mary.”- ___________________

Перевод утвердительных и отрицательных предложений в косвенную речь.

Переведите в косвенную речь следующие предложения.

1. “I don’t watch the news,” he admits.- ______________________
2. “ I’ve been to England twice,” says Sergei.- _________________
3. “I am shorthanded,” she complains.-_______________________
4. “I don’t have a green thumb,” she reminds.- _________________
5. “I am not lying,” Mike says.- _____________________________
6. This is where I draw the line,” he thinks.- ___________________
7. He says, “I don’t stretch the truth, Mary.”- ___________________

Перевод утвердительных и отрицательных предложений в косвенную речь.

Переведите в косвенную речь следующие предложения.

1. “I don’t watch the news,” he admits.- ______________________
2. “ I’ve been to England twice,” says Sergei.- _________________
3. “I am shorthanded,” she complains.-_______________________
4. “I don’t have a green thumb,” she reminds.- _________________
5. “I am not lying,” Mike says.- _____________________________
6. This is where I draw the line,” he thinks.- ___________________
7. He says, “I don’t stretch the truth, Mary.”- ___________________

Перевод утвердительных и отрицательных предложений в косвенную речь.

Переведите в косвенную речь следующие предложения.

1. “I don’t watch the news,” he admits.- ______________________
2. “ I’ve been to England twice,” says Sergei.- _________________
3. “I am shorthanded,” she complains.-_______________________
4. “I don’t have a green thumb,” she reminds.- _________________
5. “I am not lying,” Mike says.- _____________________________
6. This is where I draw the line,” he thinks.- ___________________
7. He says, “I don’t stretch the truth, Mary.”- ___________________

Перевод утвердительных и отрицательных предложений в косвенную речь.

Переведите в косвенную речь следующие предложения.

1. “I don’t watch the news,” he admits.- ______________________
2. “ I’ve been to England twice,” says Sergei.- _________________
3. “I am shorthanded,” she complains.-_______________________
4. “I don’t have a green thumb,” she reminds.- _________________
5. “I am not lying,” Mike says.- _____________________________
6. This is where I draw the line,” he thinks.- ___________________
7. He says, “I don’t stretch the truth, Mary.”- ___________________

Перевод утвердительных и отрицательных предложений в косвенную речь.

Переведите в косвенную речь следующие предложения.

1. “I don’t watch the news,” he admits.- ______________________
2. “ I’ve been to England twice,” says Sergei.- _________________
3. “I am shorthanded,” she complains.-_______________________
4. “I don’t have a green thumb,” she reminds.- _________________
5. “I am not lying,” Mike says.- _____________________________
6. This is where I draw the line,” he thinks.- ___________________
7. He says, “I don’t stretch the truth, Mary.”- ___________________

NEW YEAR

             In England the New Year is not as widely or as enthusiastically observed as Christmas. Some people ignore it completely and go to bed at the same time as usual on New Year’s Eve. Many others, however, do celebration it in one way or another, the type of celebration varying very much according to the local custom, family traditions and personal taste.

             The most common type of celebration is a New Year party, either a family party or one arranged by a group of young people. This usually begins at about eight o’clock and goes on until the early hours of the morning. There is a lot of drinking, mainly beer, wine, gin and whisky; sometimes the hosts make a big bowl of punch which consists of wine, spirits, fruit juice and water in varying proportions. There is usually a buffer of cold meat, pies, sandwiches, savouries, cakes and biscuits. At midnight the wireless is turned on, so that everyone can hear the chimes of Big Ben, and on the hour a toast is drunk to the New Year. Then the party goes on.

            Another popular way of celebrating the New Year is to go to a New Year’s dance. Most hotels and dance halls hold a special dance on New Year’s Eve. The hall is decorated, there are several different bands and the atmosphere is very gay.

            The most famous celebration is in London round the statue of Eros in Piccadilly Circus where crowds gather and sing and welcome the New Year. In

Trafalgar Square there is also a big crowd and someone usually falls into the fountain.

Those who have no desire or no opportunity to celebrate the New Year themselves can sit and watch other people celebrating on television. It is an indication of the relative unimportance of the New Year in England that the television producers seem unable to find any traditional English festivities for their programmers and usually show Scottish ones.

        January 1st, New Year’s Day, is not a public holiday, unfortunately for those who like to celebrate most of the night. Some people send New Year cards and give presents but this is not a widespread custom. This is the traditional time for making “New Year resolutions”, for example, to give up smoking, or to get up earlier. However, these are generally more talked about than put into practice.

        Also on New Year’s Day the “New Year Honours List” is published in the newspapers; i.e. a list of those who are to be given honours of various types – knighthoods, etc.          

ESTER

During the Easter Holidays the attention of the progressive people in Great Britain and indeed throughout the world is riveted first and foremost on the Easter Peace Marches, which took place for the first time in 1958 and have since become traditional. The people who participate in these marches come from different sections of society. Alongside workers and students march university professors, doctors, scientists, and engineers. More often than not the columns are joined by progressive people from abroad.

The character of the marches has changed over the years. The high-point was reached in the early sixties; this was followed by a lapse in enthusiasm when attendance fell off during the middle and late sixties. More recent years have seen a rise in the number of people attending the annual Easter March, as global problems have begun to affect the conscience of a broader section of the English population.

Thanksgiving Day

Every year, Americans celebrate Thanksgiving. Families and friends get together for a big feast. It is a legal holiday in the US. Many people go to church in the morning and at home they have a big dinner with turkey. People gather to give the God thanks for all the good things in their lives.

    Thanksgiving is the harvest festival. The celebration was held in 1621 after the first harvest in New England. In the end of 1620 the passengers from the Mayflower landed in America and started settling there. Only half of the people survived the terrible winter. In spring the Indians gave the settlers some seeds of Indian corn and the first harvest was very good.         Later, Thanksgiving Days following harvest were celebrated in all the colonies of New England, but not on the same day. In October 1863 President Abraham Lincoln proclaimed a national Thanksgiving. In 191, the US Congress Named fourth Thursday of November a Thanksgiving Day. Thanksgiving Day is a “day of General Thanksgiving to Almighty God for the bountiful harvest with which Canada has been blessed”. Regular annual observance began in 1879. Since 1957 Thanksgiving Day has been observed on the second Monday in October.

ST. VALENTINE’S DAY – FEBRUARY 14

I’ll be your sweetheart, if you will be mine,

All of my life I’ll be your Valentine …

It’s here again, the day when boys and girls, sweethearts and lovers, husbands and wives, friends and neighbours, and even the office staff will exchange greetings of affections, undying love or satirical comment. And the quick, slick, modern way to do it is with a Valentine card.

There are all kinds, to suit all tastes, the lush satin cushions, boxed and be-ribboned, the entwined hearts, gold arrows, roses, cupids, doggerel rhymes, sick sentiment and sickly sentimentality – it’s all there. The publishers made sure it was there, as Mr Punch complained, “there weeks in advance!”

In his magazine, Punch, as long ago as 1880 he pointed out that no sooner was the avalanche of Christmas cards swept away than the publishers began to fill the shops with their novel valentines, full of “Hearts and Darts, Loves and Doves and Floating Fays and Flowers”.

It must have been one of these cards which Charles Dickens describes in Pickwick Papers. It was “a highly coloured representation of a couple of human hearts skewered together with an arrow, cooking before a cheerful fire” and “superintending the cooking” was a “highly indelicate young gentleman in a pair of wings and nothing else”.

        In the last century, sweet-hearts of both sexes would spend hours fashioning a homemade card or present. The results of some of those painstaking efforts are still preserved in museums. Lace, ribbon, wild flowers, coloured paper, feathers and shells, all were brought into use. If the aspiring (or perspiring) lover had difficulty in thinking up a message or rhyme there was help at hand. He could dip into the quiver of Love or St. Valentine’s Sentimental Writer, these books giving varied selections to suit everyone’s choice. Sam Weller, of Pick wick Papers fame, took an hour and a half to write his “Valentine”, with much blotting and crossing out and warnings from his father not to descend to poetry.

        The first Valentine of all was a bishop, a Christian martyr, who before the Romans put him to death sent a note of friendship to his jailer’s blind daughter.

        The Christian Church took for his saint’s day February 14; the date of an old pagan festival when young Roman maidens threw decorated love missives into an urn to be drawn out by their boy friends.

        A French writer who described how the guests of both sexes drew lots for partners by writing down names on pieces of paper noted this idea of lottery in 17th century England. “It is all the rage,” he wrote.

        But apparently to bring the game into a family and friendly atmosphere one could withdraw from the situation by paying a forfeit, usually a pair of gloves.

        One of the older versions of a well-known rhyme gives the same picture:

                The rose is red, the violets are blue,

                The honey’s sweet and so are you.

                Thou art my love and I am thine.

                I drew thee to my Valentine.

                The lot was cast and then I drew

And fortune said it should be you.

        Comic valentines are also traditional. The habit of sending gifts is dying out, which must be disappointing for the manufacturers, who nevertheless still hopefully dish out presents for Valentine’s Day in an attempt to cash in. and the demand for valentines is increasing. According to one manufacturer, an estimated 30 million cards will have been sent by January, 14 – and not all cheap stuff, either.

“Our cards cost from 6d to 15s 6d”, he says, but “ardent youngsters” want to pay more.” They can pay more. I saw a red satin heart-shaped cushion enthroning a “pearl” necklace and earrings for 25s. Another, in velvet bordered with gold lace, topped with a gilt leaf brooch, was 21s (and if anyone buys them … well, it must be love!).

There are all kinds:

The sick joke – reclining lady on the front, and inside she will “kick you in the ear”.

The satirical – “You are charming, witty, intelligent, etc.”, and “if you believe all this you must be …” – inside the card you find an animated cuckoo clock.

And the take-off of the sentimental – “Here’s the key to my heart … use it before I change the lock”.

And the attempts to send a serious message without being too sickly, ending with variations of “mine” and “thine” and “Valentine”.

So in the 20th century, when there are no longer any bars to communication between the sexes, the love missives of an older, slower time, edged carefully over the counters by the publishers and shopkeepers, still surge through the letter boxes.

CHRISTMAS CELEBRATIONS

Christmas Day is observed on the 25th of December. In Britain this day was а festival long before the conversion to Christianity. The English historian the Venerable Bede relates that “the ancient peoples of Angli began the year on the 25th of December, and the very night was called in their tongue modranecht, that is ‘mother’s night’. Thus it is not surprising that many social customs connected with the celebration of Christmas go back to pagan times, as, for instance, the giving of presents. Indeed, in 1644 the English puritans forbade the keeping of  Christmas by Act of Parliament, on the grounds that it was а heathen festival. At the Restoration Charles II revived the feast.

Though religion in Britain has been steadily losing ground and Christmas has practically no religious significance for the majority of the population of modern Britain, it is still the most widely celebrated festival in all its parts except Scotland. The reason for this is clear. With its numerous, often rather quaint social customs, it is undoubtedly the most colourful holiday of the year, and, moreover one that has always been, even in the days when most people were practising Christian, а time for eating, drinking and making merry.

However, despite the popularity of Christmas, quite а number of English people dislike this festival, and even those who seem to celebrate it wholeheartedly, have certain reservations about it. The main reason for this is that Christmas has become the most commercialized festival of the year. The customs and traditions connected with Christmas, for example giving presents and having а real spree once а year, made it an easy prey to the retailers, who, using modern methods of advertising, force the customer to buy what he neither wants nor, often, can reasonably afford.

It is not only children and members of the family that exchange presents nowadays. Advertising has widened this circle to include not only friends and distant relations, but also people you work with. An average English family sends dozens and dozens of Christmas cards, and gives and receive almost as many often practically useless presents. For people who are well off this entails no hardship, but it is no small burden for families with small budgets. Thus saving up for Christmas often starts months before the festival, and Christmas clubs have become а national institution among the working class and lower-middle class. These are generally run by shopkeepers and publicans over а period of about eight weeks or longer. Into these the housewives pay each week а certain amount of money for their Christmas bird and joint, their Christmas groceries and so on, the husband as а rule paying into the club run by the local pub, for the drinks.

As much of this spending is forced upon people and often means that а family has to do without things they really need, it inevitably leads to resentment towards the

festival. Needless to say that it isn’t the old customs and traditions that are to blame, but those who make huge profits out of the nationwide spending spree which they themselves had boosted beyond any reasonable proportion.