Автономной некоммерческой образовательной организации

высшего образования

«Воронежский экономико-правовой институт»

Кафедра общих дисциплин

Т.И. Золотых

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

Учебно-методическое пособие

для студентов СПО

Воронеж 2019

C O N T E N T S

1. “Some words about myself”………………………………………………………3
2. “My working day”………………………………………………………………....8
3. “My Study”…………………………………………………………………….…11
4. “Russia”…………………………………………………………………………..13
5. “Moscow”…………………………………………………………………………15
6. “The United Kingdom”…………………………………………………………..17
7.  “London”………………………………………………………………………..19
8.  “USA”……………………………………………………………………………21
9.  “Washington”……………………………………………………………………23
10.   “Sport”………………………………………………………………………….25
11. “Seasons and weather”……………………………………………………….….33
12. “Shopping”……………………………………………………………………….37
13.  “Meals”……………………………………………………………………….….39
14.  “Traveling”………………………………………………………………………41

Let me introduce myself

From the very start I should say that it is not an easy thing to speak about myself as it is hard to have a look at yourself from aside, but at the same time who knows you better than you yourself do?

I am a girl of sixteen. When I look at myself in the mirror I see a blond girl with short straight hair, dark eyes and a slender figure. As to my appearance I'm rather tall and slim. I have never thought I'm a beauty, I wish I were more beautiful. I think that I'm even tempered, rather reserved, calm and modest. But sometimes I can lose my temper and become either angry or sad. I like staying alone and sometimes I retreat into my shell. But at the same time I like my friends, I like to laugh and joke. I have got a sense of humour. It means I understand humour and appreciate it.

There are many things in our life I like and some I dislike. I like when everything is OK. Being happy is one way of being wise. I like to study because knowledge is useful sometimes. I'm fond of reading as it gives not only knowledge, but also wonderful moments of joy and pleasure. I am neither short nor tall, so I like to wear high-heeled shoes, trousers or jeans.

I was born on the 25th of April 1985 in the town of Molodechno where I live now together with my parents and my younger sister. My early years, which I remember badly, were typical of a child living in a town. I was born into a family of a teacher and a doctor. I was sent to a kindergarten at the age of three as both my parents were working. As all the children of Belarus I went to school at the age of six. Here I should say that it was my lucky chance to study for 11 years at the school of fine arts in the town of Molodechno. It turned out to be the best school in our town. There I got a proper training in such subjects as English, Russian and Belarusian, literature and world culture. I usually did a lot of home preparation for them and I liked everything I was doing in them. I really tried hard in them. But despite my efforts I was not good at Math.

School for me was not only lessons and learning, I had a lot of friends there. We organized extra class activities such as parties and other social activities. I actively participated in most of them.

I am sociable, so I have got a lot of friends among my schoolmates. As for me, I appreciate people's honesty, kindness, sense of justice and intelligence. I don't like when people are rude and aggressive.

I am stubborn at times. But to my mind being persistent is not always a bad thing. That means if I have an aim I never leave things half done. At times I feel dissatisfied with myself, especially when I fail to do something or can't do things the way they should be done. At the same time I think I am hard-working and diligent. My greatest problem at school was talking in front of the class. I always blushed.

Very soon I'll pass my final exams at school and after a farewell party at the end of June I'll say goodbye to my teachers who are very well-educated people with broad outlook and deep knowledge of the subjects. They encouraged me in my disire of choosing my future career. School meant a lot to me and it wasn't just learning and studying. I made good friends there and met many interesting people. I faced a new life without school with a mixed feeling of sadness and joy.

I asked myself a lot of times what I wanted to be when I left school. A few years ago it was difficult to give a definite answer. As years passed I changed my mind several times. But it was only in my last year at school that I finally made up my mind what profession I would most like to have in the future. I realized that my strongest desire was to continue specializing in humanities and learn foreign languages in particular. I hope my dream will come true. If I fail in my exams I'll try to enter the University again.

And now a few words about my inclinations. I haven't got any special hobby, like collecting something, but I'm fond of reading books. They give me more knowledge of their people's lives and feelings and broaden my outlook. In my opinion, books are a source of emotional inspiration and romantic feeling. Besides, books help me to continue my own education. The time spent on a good book is never wasted. Reading is a rewarding pastime.

And of course I like music! I'm fond of music of the 60-s, like the Beatles, the Rolling Stones and Elvis Prestly. The songs of the Beatles give me a lot of delight and pleasure. Besides, I am a great theatregoer. Whenever I have some time to spare, I go to the theatre. I'm not keen on television.

Sometimes I play different sport games for health and pleasure. I usually play such games as volleyball, basketball, tennis, and sometimes football.

And finally, the things I hope to achieve in my life are: to have a very successful career, so this year after finishing school I will try to enter the University, to build the house of my dreams and to find someone in my life to share all that with.

1. Ответьте на вопросы:

1. Why is it not an easy thing to speak about yourself?
2. Has the girl got a sense of humor?
3. Why is this girl fond of reading?
4. Was she good at Math?
5. What extra class activities did they organize with the friends?
6. What does she appreciate in people?
7. What was her greatest problem at school?
8. What was her strongest desire after school?
9. Why is reading books a rewarding pastime?
10. What are the things she hopes to achieve in her life?

2. Предлагаю вам сыграть в настольную игру «About Myself».

Правила игры.

• Останавливаясь на определенном поле, вы должны ответить на вопрос о себе.
• Надпись Go Ahead означает, что вы должны продвинуться вперед по игровому полю на количество клеток, указанных в поле.  (GO AHEAD 2 – Передвигайтесь вперед на 2 клетки.)
• Надпись Go Back означает, что вы должны вернуться назад на количество клеток, указанных в поле. (GO BACK 2 – Возвращайтесь назад на 2 клетки.)
• Попав на поле TRADE PLACES, вы должны поменяться местами с любым игроком. Обмен должен совершиться обязательно, даже если вы впереди соперника/соперников – вам придется вернуться назад и выпустить на свое место любого из игроков.
• Попав на поле FREE, вы просто можете расслабиться, здесь не нужно отвечать на вопрос.
• Побеждает тот, кто первым придет к финишу.

3.  Ответьте на вопросы.

1. What is your name?
2. What is your favorite number?
3. What is your favorite TV programme?
4. When were you born?
5. How do you spend your free time?
6. What is your favorite day of the week?
7. Can you sing?
8. Can you play any musical instruments?
9. How long is your hair?
10. What is your favorite car?
11. Do you prefer summer or winter?
12. What is your hobby?
13. Are you vegetarian?
14. What time do you have breakfast?
15. What food do you like?
16. What is your favorite drink?
17. Do you like reading books?
18. What winter sports do you like?
19. What is your shoe size?
20. What does your best friend look like?
21. Do you like playing computer games?
22. Where are you from?
23. What is your favorite movie?
24. What was your favorite school subject?
25. How old are you?
26. Do you have a pet?
27. What color are your eyes?
28. What time do you usually go to bed?
29. What time do you get up?
30. What summer sports do you like?
31. How tall are you?
32. What is your favorite book?
33. What water sport do you like?
34. What music do you like?
35. Can you swim?

4. Теперь вы готовы написать небольшой рассказ о себе. Я подготовила для вас небольшие лексические списки, которые помогут дополнить предложения.

Hi, my name’s ..................

I’m from .................. (country)

I live in .................. (city)

I’m  ...  years old.

My birthday is on ..................

I’m a student at .......................

My favorite subject is .......................

My favorite sport is .......................

There are ... people in my family.

They are ...............................................

My father is a ............... and my mother a ..................

I would like to be a .................. because ..................

My hobby is .......................

In my free time, I also like ..............................

I don’t like ..............................

My favorite food is .......................

My favorite drink is .......................

My favorite day of the week is ............ because .....................

My favorite month is ................. because ......................

My favorite singer (or band) is .................

I like ................. (movies).

My favorite place is ..................  . I like it because .................

I like travelling. I have been to .................. 

The most beautiful place in my country is .................. 

I study English because …

Надеюсь, вам понравились эти задания на тему «About Myself»

Понравилось? Сохраните на будущее и поделитесь с друзьями!

MY WORKING DAY

Hi again... As you already know, I am a first-year student of the Faculty of Economics of the State University. My parents live in Sochi and I study in Rostov-on- Don so I need some housing. There are two opportunities for me: I can live in a dormitory (a student’s hostel), or to rent a flat (an apartment).

I decided to rent a room. To make the rent smaller, I also decided to share my room with another girl — Olya Alyokhina. She studies at the University, too, and she is my best friend now.

Now, let me describe my usual working day. My classes begin at 8:30. So on week-days I have to get up at 7:15. I don’t have an alarm clock and usually my roommate wakes me up and my working day begins. I turn on the radio and do my morning exercises while Olya takes a shower. I don’t take a bath in the morning because I don’t have enough time for it. I take a cool shower (that’s when I completely wake up), brush my teeth. After that I go back to our room and get dressed. I brush my hair and put on a light make-up. Then we have breakfast. Olya makes breakfast every Monday, Wednesday and Friday. I have to serve breakfast on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays. I love to listen to the latest news on the radio while I am eating and Olya prefers light music.

We leave the house around eight and walk to the nearest bus stop. We live rather close to the University and it usually takes us about ten-fifteen minutes to get there by bus. Sometimes when the weather is fine and we have enough time we walk to the University. It is very healthy to walk much.

Our classes begin at 8.30 in the morning and they end at 6:00 p.m. We have lectures in different subjects. As a rule we have three or four classes a day. Sometimes it is very hard to wait till they end.

Usually I don’t miss my classes because I want to pass my exams successfully. But sometimes I do, especially when the weather is fine and the classes are boring.

At one o’clock we have a big break. It lasts for half an hour. That’s my favourite time. That is the time to share the latest news and to gossip. My friends and I prefer not to go to the canteen and we often have lunch in a small cafe not too far from the University. At one thirty we have to be back to our classes. During the working day we also have several short breaks that last for fifteen minutes.

Occasionally I have to stay at the University till 6 or even 7 o’clock in the evening because I go to the library to get ready for my practical classes or to write a report. As a rule I have no free time on week-days. So by the end of the week I get very tired.

When we come home in the evening, we have supper together and share the news.

After supper we wash dishes, drink coffee or tee and watch TV. I prefer old comedies and Olya likes soap-operas or films about travelling. Sometimes Olya and I go for a walk in the park or visit our friends.

At about eleven at night I go to bed. I like to read something before going to bed and Olya likes to listen to some music. Sometimes I fall asleep while I am reading and Olya gets up and switches off the light and says Good night!

Vocabulary:

housing — жилье opportunity — возможность

dormitory, students hostel - студенческое общежитие

to rent a flat (an apartment) - снимать квартиру

to share — делить(ся)

week-days - будние дни

alarm clock — будильник

usually ['ju^uah] обычно

roommate — сосед no комнате

rather ['ra:3a] довольно

to turn on — включать

enough [I'ruf] — достаточно

completely [k3m'pli:tli] - полностью, совершенно

to get dressed — одеваться

make up — макияж

to serve [sa:v] — обслуживать

while [wail] - пока, в то время как

to prefer [pri'fa:] предпочитать

healthy ['helOi] - здоровый, полезный

to miss — пропускать

successfully [sak'sesfali] — успешно

boring ['Ьзтщ] - неинтересный, скучный

to gossip ['gosip] — болтать, беседовать, сплетничать

have to be back — должны вернуться

break [breik] — перерыв

report [ri'pa:t] — доклад

tape-recorder  магнитофон

to switch on = to turn on - включать (радио и т.п.)

to switch off = to turn off - выключать

to brush one’s hair - причесывать волосы

it takes me ... minutes to get to the University by bus - у меня уходит ... минут,

чтобы добраться в Университет на автобусе

cloackroom — гардероб

upstairs [Ap'stesz] наверху, вверх по лестнице

downstairs ['daun'steaz] внизу, вниз по лестнице

to miss classes — пропускать занятия

to pass exams — сдать экзамен

1. Напишите одно предложение с каждым словом:

1. Usual — usually — as usual — unusual
2. occasion — occasional — occasionally
3. to end — to finish — to be over
4. to start — to begin — to get ready for
5. on Sunday — at five o’clock — in cafeteria ...
6. full time student — part time student
7. freshman — second year student — school graduate

2. Переведите на английский:

• быть студентом(студенткой) дневного отделения;
• рассказать вам о...
• в будние дни;
• просыпаться — вставать в 7 часов утра;
• включать магнитофон;
• принимать душ;
• чистить зубы,
• одеваться;
• слушать последние новости;
• У меня уходит час, чтобы добраться до института;
• ездить на автобусе (троллейбусе, трамвае);
• опаздывать на занятия;
• заканчиваться в 15.50 вечера
• пропускать занятия
• сдать экзамены успешно
• время от времени;

• как правило;
• устать;
• приходить домой;
• быть дома;
• иметь свободное время

2. Расскажите о своем типичном рабочем дне, ответив на следующие вопросы:

1. Do you get up early?
2. Is it easy for you to get up early?
3. Do you wake up yourself or does your alarm clock wake you up?
4. Do you do your morning exercises?
5. What do you prefer: a hot or cold shower in the morning?
6. How long does it take you to get dressed?
7. What do you usually have for breakfast?
8. Some people look through newspapers or listen to the latest news on the radio while having breakfast. What about you?
9. When do you usually leave your house?
10. Do you work? If yes, where?
11. How long does it take you to get to your University (Institute)?
12. Do you go there by bus/trolley-bus or walk?
13. Where do you usually have lunch (dinner)?
14. What time do you come home?
15. How long does it take you to do your homework?
16. How do you usually spend your evenings?
17. Do you have a lot of free time?
18. Do you play any musical instrument?
19. Are you fond of listening to music?
20. What kind of music do you prefer?
21. Do you collect anything (stamps, records, postcards, coins, matchboxes, etc.)?

22. What time do you usually go to bed?

3.Расскажите о:

1. the working-day of your father or mother
2. the usual weekend at home
3. the best day of your life
4. a holiday spent with your friends or relatives (New Year’s day, Christmas, 8th of March)
5. the working day of famous people (writers, artists, politicians — the President, Governor, Head of the Ministry)

MY STUDY

Hello again! This is Vera and this time I tell you about my University and my studies.

I am very happy that I study here. It is one of the finest country’s higher educational institutions. Many famous people have graduated from my University, and not only economists or scientists, but many outstanding writers, actors, showmen and politicians. Studying at our University gives a solid background in all spheres of knowledge and prepares for practical work.

Our University is quite large but not very old, compared to other national institutio'ns. It was founded at the beginning of the 20thcentury. In 1915, during the World War I the university of Warsaw was evacuated to Rostov-na-Donu. First it had only three faculties, but later it became the largest University in the region and it gave birth to other Institutions in the region. Nowadays it is a large school where more than 9000 students are currently enrolled. The majority are full-time students, like me, and the rest are part time-students. There are also about 150 graduate students - aspirants and doctorants. They conduct independent research work and have pedagogical practice.

The course of study at my University lasts five years. There are many faculties at my University. Here are some of them: the faculty of banking and finance and, the faculty of management, the faculty of business law and the faculty of accounting.

Our University is large and we have several building. One of the buildings is for lectures and seminars only. There are many large halls there so that students of 3—4 groups together can fit in there. And that is more than 100 people. The acoustics in such large halls is very good but sometimes it is very noisy when students chat during the lecture.

We have two other buildings for library, computer center, gym, and other facilities. Many students from my group want to do their own research work in the future and these facilities will certainly help them.

There are several cafes at the University. My favorite one is situated in a separate one-storeyed building and people say that this is the oldest canteen or student’s cafe. The food there is tasty and very affordable.

There are also several dormitories or hostel buildings where students from other cities or countries live. But you know already that I don’t live in a dormitory — I rent an apartment.

Vocabulary:

solid background — солидная база (образования)

currently — в настоящее время

to be enrolled - числиться в списках студентов

full-time students — студенты дневного отделения 

Dart time-students — студенты вечернего отделения

to conduct — проводить

course of study — курс обучения

banking — банковское дело

finance — финансы

management - управление, менеджмент

business law — коммерческое право

accounting — бухгалтерский учет

noisy - шумный to chat — беседовать, болтать computer center — вычислительный центр gym [djim]— спортивный зал

facilities [fa'silitiz] - службы, помещения, приспособления

research [ri'saitj] work — исследовательская работа

one-storeyed — одноэтажный

tasty ['teisti] - вкусный

affordable — доступный (to afford — позволять)

classroom — класс, аудитория

lecture hall - лекционный зал

laboratory — лаборатория

gym (gymnasium) — спортзал

semester (term) - семестр

school year — учебный год

course of studies - курс обучения

Academy — академия

University — университет

Institute — институт faculty, college, department

факультет ( напр. College of physics - факультет физики)

department, chair of... — кафедра

Professor — профессор

teaching instructor (TI) —преподаватель

Dean — декан

Rector — ректор

teaching staff, faculty members — преподавательский состав

full-time student — студент(ка) дневного отделения

part-time student — студент(ка)-«вечерник»

student of distant (extramural) education — студент(ка) «заочник»

student of preparatory courses — слушатель подкурсов, «подкурс- ник»

undergraduate student - студент 1—4(5) курсов

graduate student — студент 5—6 курсов

master student — магистрант (магистер)

Ph.D. student - докторант

1. Дайте описание:

1. your secondary school (college)
2. the faculty of your university
3. your favourite teacher at school.

2. Знаете ли вы?

1. When was your Institute or University established?
2. Who was its first Rector?
3. Were there any famous scientists, engineers, politicians, ministers among the graduates?
4. How many people are currently enrolled?
5. What is the most popular faculty in your University?

3. Согласны ли вы, что:

1. Larger schools are better than smaller ones.
2. It is impossible to enter the university if you haven’t attended preparatory courses.
3. The best professors deliver the most interesting lectures.
4. It is more fun to live in a dormitory or a student hostel than to rent an apartment.
5. Professors and teaching instructors always know more than students.

THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

I am a citizen of the Russian Federation or Russia. The Russian Federation is the largest country in the world. It occupies about 1/7 (one seventh) of the Earth surface. The country is situated in Eastern Europe, Northern and Central Asia. Its total area is over 17 million square km.

Our land is washed by 12 seas, most of which are the seas of three oceans: the Arctic, the Atlantic and the Pacific. In the south and in the west the country borders on fourteen countrees. It also has a sea-border with the USA.

There is hardly a country in the world where such a great variety of flora and fauna can be found as in our land. Our country has numerous forests, plains and steppes, taiga and tundra, highlands and deserts. The highest mountains in our land are the Altai, the Urals and the Caucasus. There are over two thousands rivers in the Russian Federation. The longest of them are the Volga, the Ob, the Yenisei, the Lena and the Amur. Our land is also rich in various lakes with the deepest lake in the world, the Baikal, included.

On the Russian territory there are 11 time zones. The climate conditions are rather different: from arctic and moderate to continental and subtropical. Our country is one of the richest in natural resources countries in the world: oil, natural gas, coal, different ores of ferrous and non-ferrous metals and other minerals.

The Russian Federation is a multinational state. It comprises many national districts, several autonomous republics and regions. The population of the country is over 140 million people.

Moscow is the capital of our Homeland. It is the largest political scientific, cultural and industrial center of the country and one of the most beautiful cities. Russian is the official language of the state. The national symbols of the Russian Federation are a double headed eagle and a white-blue-red banner.

The Russian Federation is a constitutional republic headed by the President, the country government consists of three branches: legislative, executive and judicial. The President controls only the executive branch — the government, but not the Supreme Court and Federal Assembly.

The legislative power belongs to the Federal Assembly comprising two chambers: the Council of Federation (upper Chamber) and the State Duma (lower Chamber). Each chamber is headed by the Speaker. The executive power belongs to the government (the Cabinet of Ministers) headed by the Prime Minister. The judicial power belongs to the system of Courts comprising the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court and federal courts.

Our country has a multiparty system. The foreign policy of the Russian Federation is that of international cooperation, peace and friendship with all nations irrespective of their political and social systems. I am proud of being a citizen of Russia.

Vocabulary:

citizen ['sitizn] гражданин 

to occupy ['okjupai] занимать

surface ['sa-.fis] поверхность 

total ['toutl] area ['еэпэ] общая площадь 

to border on... граничить с...

numerous ['nju:m3ras] многочисленный 

steppes степи 

taiga ['taiga:] тайга 

highlands возвышенности, горная местность

flora ['fb:ra] флора 

fauna ['fo:na] фауна 

the Urals ['juaralz] Уральские горы

the Caucasus ['ko:kas3s] Кавказ 

climate [ klaimit] 

conditions [kan'dijanz] климатические условия 

moderate ['modarat] умеренный 

ore [о:] руда

non-ferrous metals цветные металлы 

ferrous metals черные металлы 

state государство 

to comprise включать, охватывать 

banner знамя, флаг 

legislative ['ledjislativ] законодательная 

executive [ig'zekjutiv] исполнительная 

judicial[d3u:'dijl] судебная 

Federal Assembly Федеральное Собрание 

the Council ['kaunsl] of Federation Совет Федерации

State Duma Государственная дума, нижняя палата парламента Российской Федерации 

Supreme [sju'pri:m] 

Court [ko:t] Верховный суд 

influential [ influ'enjal] влиятельный 

foreign ['form] policy международная политика

irrespective of [,iris'pektiv] независимо от 

to be proud of ['praud] гордиться чем-либо

1. Ответьте на вопросы:

1. Is Russia the largest country in the world?
2. What oceans wash the borders of Russian Federation?
3. How many countries have borders with Russia?
4. Are Russian flora and fauna various?
5. What are the highest mountains in Russia?
6. What is lake Baikal famous for?
7. What is the climate in Russia like?
8. What are the national symbols of Russia?
9. What does the Federal Assembly consist of?
10. What do we call the head of each Chamber of the Federal Assembly?

2. Переведите на английский:

1. Общая площадь Российской федерации составляет более 17 миллионов километров.
2. В мире вряд ли есть еще одна страна с такой разнообразной флорой и фауной.
3. Озеро Байкал — самое глубокое озеро на земном шаре.
4. Н а территории Российской федерации существует 11 часовых поясов.

5. Россия является конституционной республикой с президентской формой правления.
6. Законодательная власть принадлежит Федеральному Собранию, состоящему из двух палат.
7. Законодательная и судебная власти прямо не подчиняются Президенту.

3. Знаете ли вы?

What is/are:

• the biggest Russian lake?
• the longest Russian river (in European and Asian parts

of the Russian Federation)?

• a city with subtropical climate?
• cities with arctic climate?
• agricultural regions?
• old historical cities?

MOSCOW

Moscow was founded in 1147 by the prince Yuri Dolgoruky. Moscow is the capital and the largest city of Russia. It is also the capital of Moscow region. It stands on the banks of the Moskva River. More than nine million people live in the city. Moscow is the economic, political and cultural centre of Russia. Railways and numerous airlines link the city with all parts of Russia. Moscow Canal, Moskva River, and Volga-Don Canal link Moscow with the Baltic Sea, the White Sea, the Black Sea, the Caspian Sea and the Sea of Azov.

Moscow covers the area of about 880 square kilometres. Concentric boulevards divide the city into several sections. At the centre of the concentric circles are the fortress Kremlin and the Red Square.

The Kremlin has the shape of a triangle with one side along the north bank of the Moskva River. A stone wall, up to 21 m in height with 19 towers, surrounds this triangular complex of former palaces, cathedrals, and other monuments. The Great Kremlin Palace, completed in 1849, is the most impressive structure inside the Kremlin. Other famous Kremlin palaces are the Granovitaya Palace (built in 1491) and the Terem (built in 1636).

Among many cathedrals, now used mainly as museums, are the Cathedral of the Assumption [a'sAmpJn] (Успения) and the Archangel [,а:к'етсйэ1] Cathedral [кэ'0Ыгэ1], each with five gilded domes, and the Cathedral of the Annunciation [3,nAnsi'9iJbn] (Благовещения) (built in 13th—14th century), with nine gilded domes. The bell tower of Ivan the Great has the height of 98 metres. On a nearby pedestal there is the Tsar Bell (nearly 200 tons), one of the largest in the world. A recent addition to the Kremlin is the Palace of Congresses, completed in 1961.

St Basil’s Cathedral, a masterpiece of Russian architecture with coloured domes, stands at one end of Red Square and at the other end there is Historical Museum.

Other points of interest in Moscow include the Central Lenin Stadium, comprising about 130 buildings for various sports and the tall Ostankino TV tower, which contains a revolving restaurant and an observation platform. Moscow has a modern railway underground system (Metro) famous for its marble- walled stations.

Moscow is a scientific and cultural center with a lot of institutes, universities, libraries and museums. The city leads a vast cultural life. It has a lot of cinemas, clubs, concert halls, more than 40 drama and musical theatres, including the Bolshoi Theatre, the Art Theatre, the Maly Theatre, the Vakhtangov Theatre.

Muscovites are proud of their museums: the Tretyakov Art Gallery, the A. S. Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts and the State Historical Museum. Crowds of people visit Tretyakov Gallery admiring beautiful pictures of Russian painters.

There are a lot of big plants and factories in Moscow. Among the products are aircraft, high-quality steel, ball bearings, cars and other motor vehicles, machine tools, electrical equipment, precision instruments, radios, chemicals, textiles, shoes, paper, furniture. Food processing, printing, and the repair of rail equipment are important industries.

Vocabulary:

airline ['eslain] авиалиния 

capital ['кагрйЦстолица 

prince [prins] князь 

bank [baeqk] берег (реки) 

cathedral [кэ 9i:dr3l] кафедральный собор 

masterpiece ['maistspis] шедевр 

palace ['paelis] дворец 

fortress ['fo:tris] крепость 

tsar [za:] царь 

bell tower ['taus] колокольня

dome ['doum] купол 

crowd ['kraud] толпа 

scientific [^saian'tifik] научный

marble ['mcrbl] мрамор 

vast [va:st] обширный 

printing ['printii]] печатание, печать

 machine tool [ms'jKn tu:l] станок

precision instruments [pri'si3an] точные приборы

repair [п'рез] ремонт 

observation [,obz3:'veiJbn] наблюдение

rail ['reil] рельс, ж.-д. путь

ball bearing [bearii] шарикоподшипник 

processing [prousesii] обработка 

furniture ['f3:nitjb] мебель

1. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. When was Moscow founded?
2. Who founded Moscow?
3. Where is Moscow located?
4. Is Moscow a port city?
5. What is known about Moscow Metro?
6. What are the places of interest in Moscow?
7. Why the Kremlin is the most important place of interest for tourists?
8. What cathedrals are situated inside the Kremlin?
9. What is Palace of Congresses used for at present time?

2. Где находятся эти достопримечательности?

• Granovitaya Palace
• Terem
• the Red Square
• the Kremlin
• the Great Kremlin Palace
• the Cathedral of the Assumption
• the Archangel Cathedral
• the Cathedral of the Annunciation
• the Tower of Ivan the Great '• the Tsar’s Bell
• the Palace of Congresses
• St Basil’s Cathedral

THE UNITED KINGDOM

The United Kingdom, officially the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, is an island nation and constitutional monarchy in north-western Europe.

Great Britain is the largest of the British Isles. It comprises, together with numerous smaller islands, England and Scotland, and the principality of Wales. Northern Ireland, also known as Ulster, occupies the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland.

The United Kingdom is bordered to the south by the English Channel, which separates it from continental Europe, to the east by the North Sea, and to the west by the Irish Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. The only land border is between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. The total area of the United Kingdom is 242,752 sq km. The capital and largest city is London.

The names «United Kingdom», «Great Britain», and «England» are often used interchangeably. The use of «Great Britain», often shortened to «Britain», to describe the whole kingdom is common and widely accepted, although strictly speaking it does not include Northern Ireland.

However, the use of «England» to mean the «United Kingdom» is not acceptable to members of the other constituent countries, especially the Scots and the Welsh.

England and Wales were united administratively, politically, and legally by 1543. The crowns of England and Scotland were united in 1603, but the two countries remained separate political entities until the 1707 Act of Union, which formed the Kingdom of Great Britain with a single legislature. From 1801, when Great Britain and Ireland were united, until the formal establishment of the Irish Free State in 1922, the kingdom was officially designated the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

Hong Kong, which has 200,000 of the 6 million combined population of the dependencies, was returned to China in 1997.

The maximum overall length of the United Kingdom is 1,264 km: the most northerly point is Out Stack in the Shetland Islands. The most southerly is St Agnes in the Scilly Isles. The kingdom’s maximum width is 670 km. The mainland of the island of Great Britain is 974 km at its longest and 531 km at its widest; however, the highly indented nature of the island’s coastline means that nowhere is more than about 120 km from the sea.

Relative to its size, the scenery of the United Kingdom is very diverse and can change dramatically within short distances. This diversity reflects in part the underlying rocks, which range from the ancient mountains of the Highlands of Scotland to the recent deposits in eastern England.

All of the United Kingdom, except the area of England south of the Thames, was covered with ice during the ice age, and glaciation shaped its most spectacular scenery, including the English Lake District, the loughs of Northern Ireland, the Welsh valleys, and most of Scotland, including the lakes.

The clirtiate of the United Kingdom is mild relative to its latitude, which is the same as that of Labrador in

Canada. The mildness is an effect of the warm Gulf Stream. This current brings the prevailing south-westerly winds that moderate winter temperatures and bring the depressions which are the main day-to-day influence on the weather. The western side of the United Kingdom tends to be warmer than the eastern; the south is warmer than the north. The mean annual temperature is 6' С in the far north of Scotland; ll’C in the south-west of England. Winter temperatures are seldom below — 10*C and summer temperatures rarely higher than 32*C . The sea winds also bring plenty of moisture; average annual precipitation is more than 1,000 mm.

Rain tends to fall throughout the year, frequently turning to snow in the winter, especially in Scotland, the mountains of Wales, and northern England. The western side of Britain is much wetter than the eastern: average rainfall varies from more than 5,000 mm in the western Highlands of Scotland, to less than 500 mm in parts of East Anglia in England.

The population of United Kingdom is more than 56 mln people, but it is one of the world’s leading commercial and industrialized nations. In terms of gross national product (GNP) it ranks fifth in the world, with Italy, after the United States, Japan, Germany, and France.

Vocabulary:

to comprise включать

numerous многочисленные

include включать

island nation островное государство

constitutional monarchy конституционная монархия

European Union Европейский союз

principality княжество

North Sea Северное море

interchangeably взаимозаменяемо

to accept принимать, допускать

1. Переведите на английский.

1. Официальное название Великобритании — Соединенное Королевство Великобритании и Северной Ирландии.
2. Соединенное королевство является конституционной монархией.
3. Северная ирландия занимает северо-восточную часть острова Ирландия.
4. Ла-Манш отделяет Соединенное Королевство от континентальной Европы.

2. Используйте следующие выражения для пересказа текста:

1. As I understood from the text ...
2. According to the text ...
3. According to the author ...
4. As it is described in the text ...
5. As it is said in the text ...
6. As the author puts it ...
7. According to the figures (data, information, opinions) from the text ...

LONDON

London is the capital of Great Britain, its political, economic, and commercial centre. It is one of the largest cities in the world and the largest city in Europe. Its population is about 8 million.

London is divided into several parts: the City, Westminster, the West End, and the East End.
The heart of London is the City, its financial and business centre. Numerous banks, offices, and firms are situated there, including the Bank of England, the Stock Exchange, and the Old Bailey. Few people live here, but over a million people come to the City to work. There are some famous ancient buildings within the City. Perhaps the most striking of them is the St. Paul's Cathedral, the greatest of English churches. It was built in the 17th century by Sir Christopher Wren. The Tower of London was founded by Julius Caesar and in 1066 rebuilt by William the Conqueror. It was used as a fortress, a royal palace, and a prison. Now it is a museum. Westminster is the governmental part of London.

Nearly all English kings and queens have been crowned in Westminster Abbey. Many outstanding statesmen, scientists, writers, poets, and painters are buried here: Newton, Darwin, Chaucer, Dickens, Tennyson, Kipling, etc.

Across the road from Westminster Abbey is Westminster Palace, the seat of the British Parliament. The Clock Tower of the Houses of Parliament is famous for its big bell, known as "Big Ben". Buckingham Palace is the official residence of the Queen.

The West End is the richest and most beautiful part of London. It is the symbol of wealth and luxury. The best hotels, shops, restaurants, clubs, and theatres are situated there.
The Trafalgar Square is the geographical centre of London. It was named in memory of Admiral Nelson's victory in the battle of Trafalgar in 1805. The tall Nelson's Column stands in the middle of the square.

On the north side of the Trafalgar Square is the National Portrait Gallery. Not far away is the British Museum — the biggest museum in London. It contains a priceless collection of ancient manuscripts, coins, sculptures, etc, and is also famous for its library.

Vocabulary:

numerous — многочисленный
ancient — древний, старинный
striking — поразительный, замечательный
to found — основывать
fortress — крепость
royal — королевский
to crown — короновать
outstanding — выдающийся
statesman — государственный деятель
to bury — хоронить
tower — башня
official residence — официальная резиденция

wealth — богатство
luxury — роскошь
in memory of— в память о
to contain — содержать
priceless — бесценный

Ответьте на вопросы:

1. Is London the largest city in the world?
2. What's the population of London?
3. Traditionally London is divided into four parts. Can you name them?
4. What do you know about the City?
5. Who was the St. Paul's Cathedral built by?
6. Who founded the Tower of London? When was it rebuilt?
7. What is the governmental part of London?
8. What building has more historic associations than any other building in London?
9. What is Big Ben?
10. Can you describe the Trafalgar Square?
11. Where do the working people of London live?
12. What are the most famous London museums and art galleries?

USA

The United States of America is the 4th largest country in the world after Russia, Canada and China. It occupies the central part of the North American continent.

The United States of America is a federal republic, consisting of 50 states including the states of Alaska and Hawaii. Outlying areas include Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, and the US Virgin Islands.

The northern boundary is partly formed by the Great Lakes and the St Lawrence River; the southern boundary is partly formed by the Rio Grande. United States also has a sea-border with Russia.

The total area of the United States (including the District of Columbia) is 9,809,155 sq km, of which 1,700,139 sq km are in Alaska and 28,313 sq. km are in Hawaii. Inland waters cover 507,788 sq km of the total area.

The country is washed by 3 oceans: the Arctic, the Atlantic and the Pacific. The country has many lakes, with the Great Lakes included. There are also many rivers on the US territory. The longest of them are the Mississippi, the Missouri, the Columbia, ;the Rio Grande and some others. On the US territory there are mountains and lowlands. The highest mountains are the Rocky Mountains, the Cordillera and the Sierra Nevada. The highest peak, Mount McKinley, is located in Alaska.

The climate conditions are rather different. The country is rich in natural and mineral resources: oil, gas, iron ore, coal and various metals.

The USA is a highly developed industrial and agricultural country. The main industrial branches are aircraft, rocket, automobile, electronics, radio-engineering and others.

Americans are made up from nearly all races and nations. The country population is over' 250 mln. The national symbol of the USA is its national flag «Stars and Stripes», having 50 white stars and 13 white and red stripes on its field, symbolising the number of the original and present day states.

Officially the country comprises 50 states and one District of Columbia. The states differ in size, population and economic development. Each state has its own capital. The capital of the USA is Washington. It is situated in the District of Columbia on the banks of the Potomac river and is named after the 1st US President - George Washington. There are many large cities in the country: New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit, San-Francisco, Cleveland and some others.

The United States of America is a federal state, headed by the President. According to the US Constitution the powers of the Government are divided into 3 branches: legislative, executive and judicial.

The legislative power belongs to the Congress consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate represents the states while the House of Representatives — the population. The executive power belongs to the President and his Administration (Vice- President and Cabinet of Ministers). The judicial power belongs to the Supreme Court and the system of Federal, state and district courts.

There are several political parties in the USA, the largest of them are the Republican (symbolised by a donkey) and the Democratic (symbolised by an elephant).

Vocabulary:

outlying areas внешние территории

District of Columbia округ Колумбия

inland waters внутренние водоемы

to pass проходить через

frontier граница

to include включать

lowlands низины

peak вершина, пик

to be located располагаться

aircraft воздушное судно

to be made up from быть составленным, состоять из

stripe полоса

to symbolize символизировать

to represent представлять

to belong принадлежать

donkey осел

Great Plains Великие равнины

Appalachian mountains Аппалачские горы

Rocky mountains Скалистые горы

driveway проезд, выезд

sidewalk тротуар

drive-thru shop магазин, покупки в котором производятся через окно автомобиля

toll-road платная дорога (магистраль)

toll-free road бесплатная дорога

highway, parkway, thruway автомагистрали

turnpike ['t3:npaik] главная магистраль

shopping-mall торговый центр

shopping plaza открытая торговая площадь, торговый ряд

free delivery бесплатная доставка

telephone order телефонный заказ

sale распродажа

discount скидка

seasons sale сезонная распродажа

clearance ['kharans] sale распродажа залежей товаров

discount coupon [ ku:pon] купон на скидку

free gift бесплатный подарок

1. Переведите на английский:

1. США - четвертая по размеру страна после России, Канады и Китая.
2. Внешние границы включают в себя Пуэрто Рико, Американское Самоа и Виргинские острова.
3. 48 Штатов граничат на севере с Канадой, а на юге с Мексикой.
4. США имеет морскую границу с Российской Федерацией.
5. Поверхность внутренних вод США составляет около 507 тысяч квадратных километров.
6. США омывается тремя океанами: Северным Ледовитым, Атлантическим и Тихим.
7. США - высокоразвитое промышленное государство со множеством отраслей.
8. Аэрокосмическая и электронные отрасли промышленности США занимают особое место в экономике США.
9. Каждый штат имеет свою столицу.

Washington, D. С.

Washington is the capital of the United States of America. It is situated in the District of Columbia and is like no other city of the USA. It's the world's largest one-industry city. And that industry is government. The White House, where the US President lives and works, the Capitol, the home of the US Congress and the Supreme Court are all in Washington. The population of the city is over 3.4 million. Most of the permanent population consists of government employees.

The city was named so in memory of George Washington, the first president of the USA. George Washington was born in 1732. He distinguished himself as a soldier in campaigns against the French and the Indians. He strongly opposed the policy of the British government, and when the war with Britain began he was chosen Commander-in-Chief of the American army. After the war he entered politics and was elected President in 1789.

There are 50 states in the United States, but the city of Washington is not in any of them. A special district was created for the American capital — the District of Columbia (D. C). Most Americans usually call their capital simply DC to avoid confusing it with a state Washington. The city was laid out according to a uniform plan made by Pierre L'Enfant, a French Engineer officer. Founded in 1790, it became the federal capital in 1800. In 1814 it was burnt by the British.

Washington is one of the most beautiful and unusual cities in the United States. In the very centre of it rises the huge dome of the Capitol — a big white dome standing in a circle of pillars. The 535 members of the Congress meet here to discuss the nation's affairs. It's easy to get lost in this huge building, full of paintings and statues.

Not far from the Capitol is the Library of Congress, the largest library in the States and one of the most beautiful in the world. It contains more than 13 million books, more than 19 million manuscripts, including the personal papers of the US presidents.

The official residence of the president of the USA is the White House. It was constructed between 1792 and 1829. The White House has 132 rooms, among them the Oval Office where the President works. The White House is open for tours.

One can hardly find a park, a square or an open area in Washington without a monument or a memorial. The Jefferson Memorial was built in honour of Thomas Jefferson, the author of the Declaration of Independence and the third president of the USA. Inside you can find his statue, and his writings are inscribed on the walls.

The Lincoln Memorial reminds everybody of Abraham Lincoln, the sixteenth president of the USA, who wrote the Emancipation Proclamation which freed the blacks in the South from slavery. There is a huge statue of Abraham Lincoln inside the Memorial.

At the National Air and Space Museum visitors can see the history of flight from the first airplane flown by the Wright brothers to the Apollo spaceship.

The National Gallery of Art, a large museum of painting, sculpture and other arts is also situated in the capital. It is supported by the US government.

There are 5 universities in Washington.

There are no skyscrapers in Washington, because they would hide the city's many monuments from view. No building in the city may be more than 40 metres tall.

In Washington buses and trams run along numbered streets — First Street, Second Street, Third Street... The streets running east and west from the centre are lettered — A Street, В Street and so on.

Thousands of tourists visit Washington every day. People from all parts of the United States come to see their capital.

Vocabulary:

to be elected - быть избранным
to be named in memory/honor of-быть названным в честь
Commander-in-Chief- главнокомандующий
to contain - содержать 
Declaration of Independence - Декларация Независимости
to distinguish - отличиться
District of Columbia - округ Колумбия
Emancipation - Освобождение
employee - служащий
to get lost - потеряться
government - правительство, управление 
huge - огромный, колоссальный
impressive - впечатляющий 
to lay out - планировать 
nation's affairs - национальные проблемы, дела нации 
numbered - пронумерованный 
official residence - официальная резиденция
personal papers - личные бумаги 
pillar - колонна, столб 
to settle - поселять, заселять 
skyscraper - небоскреб 
spaceship - космический корабль 
to support - поддерживать, содержать
the Capitol - Капитолий (резиденция Конгресса США)

Ответьте на вопросы.
1. Where is Washington situated?
2. Is Washington a typical American city? Why?
3. It's the world's largest one-industry city, isn't it? What kind of industry is it?
4. What important government buildings are situated in Washington?
5. Where does the US president live and work?
6. Who selected the place for the capital of the USA?
7. What monuments to presidents are there in the city?
8. When was Washington first settled?
9. Who designed the capital of the USA?
10. What places of interest in Washington do you know?
11. How many universities are there in Washington?
12. Why aren't there any skyscrapers in Washington?
13. How are streets in Washington named?
14. Explain how these dates are connected to the city history: 1789, 1790, 1800, 1814, 1829?
15. Comment on these numbers according to the text: 5, 40 metres, 132, 535, 13 million.
16. Who are these people and what is their connection to Washington, D.C.? 

SPORTS IN OUR LIFE

Thousands of people go in for sports, because sports help us to keep in good health. The most popular sports in our country are field-and-track athletics, football, volleyball, basketball, ice hockey, gymnastics, skiing, and skating. There are lots of stadiums, sport clubs, and sport grounds in our country. If you want to keep fit, you must take up one kind of sport or another.

Sport is an essential part of my daily life. Every morning all the year round I do morning exercises. Almost every day I do some training. In summer I go swimming and rowing. Usually I spend my winter holidays in the country where I ski, skate or toboggan.

Nearly all students of our Uni spend much time going in for sport. First of all we have our physical training lessons. From time to time,competitions are organized between faculties in football, volleyball, basketball or chess.

Russian people have always paid much attention to sport. Sport keeps people fit and healthy and makes them better disciplined in their daily activities.

Numerous kinds of sports, both winter and summer, are popular in the Russian Federation. Millions of citizens of Russia engage in some sporting activities and even in competitions. Physical Training is a subject on the curriculum of schools and universities. You can hardly find a school or a college without sports grounds. Sports facilities are available at any university or other higher educational establishments.

Sports in this country have traditionally been divided into amateur and professional. The core of professional sports are sporting societies. Millions, from beginners to champions, are members of sporting clubs and societies. There is a number of national sports societies like theSpartak or the Dynamo which have their local brunch clubs throughout the country. Youngsters from the age of 7 to 18 are trained in sports schools which are run by the major sports clubs. The schools cover a wide range of sports, from track-and-field and calisthenics to boxing.

Since their debut at the Helsinki Olympic Games, Russia has been a participant of all the Olympiads. Russian sportsmen and sportswomen have collected numerous gold, silver and bronze medals. Numerous Olympic and world records have been broken and are still held.

There are sports clubs at many enterprises and offices. Many of them are fee-paying, but the membership fee is moderate. At these and other amateur clubs and fitness and shaping centers people go in for aerobics, yoga, body-building, swimming, skating, table and lawn tennis, chess, jogging, and winter swimming. Participation in sports in this country is massive by any standards.

Vocabulary:

daily activities повседневные дела

competition соревнование

a subject on the curriculum предмет в программе

sports ground спортплощадка

sports facilities спортивные сооружения

to be available иметься

amateur любительский

core основа

a sporting society спортивное общество

a local branch club местное отделение

youngster молодой человек

to run руководить

to cover охватывать

a wide range большое количество

track-and-field лёгкая атлетика

calisthenics художественная гимнастика

participant участник

to break records устанавливать рекорды

to hold a record удерживать рекорд

fee-paying платный

membership fee членский взнос

moderate умеренный

Exercise 2.

Ответьте на вопросы.

1. Why is sport so important for the daily activities of people?

2. Is sport popular in our country?

3. What proves the popularity of sports in this country?

4. What is the core of professional sports in this country?

5. How does the system of sporting clubs work?

6. What proves that Russia is an active participant of the Olympic movement?

7. What sporting activities do people go in for at the amateur clubs and fit centers?

8. What kinds of sport do you know?

9. What sport do you go in for?

10. Why are you fond of it?

11. Are you interested in tennis?

12. Have you ever taken part in any sport competitions?

13. Can you drive a car or a motor-cycle?

14. What are the main sporting events in the ASU?

15. Who is our best swimmer, chess player, high jumper?

16. Do you play football or any other “ball” game?

17. What is your favorite football team?

18. Do you cheer for Dynamo, Spartak, Locomotive or TsSKA?

19. Which Dynamo football players do you like best?

20. Who is the chief coach of the team?

21. When did you see a football match last?

22. What was the score?

23. Who scored the first point?

Найдите синонимы английским словам.

Спросите своего одногрупника.

- what kinds of sports s/he knows;

• what sport s/he goes in for;
• if s/he has enough time to do sport;
• why people engage in sport;
• what his/her favorite sport team is;
• if s/he is interested in swimming;
• if s/he drives a car;
• if s/he smokes;
• if s/he goes to the stadium to see a football match;
• if s/he watches sports games on TV;
• if s/he belongs to any sport club;
• who his/her favorite sportsmen or sportswomen are;
• when the Sochi Winter Olympiad will begin.

Переведите на английский.

1. Миллионы людей занимаются тем или иным видом спорта, так как спорт помогает им держаться в хорошей форме.

2. Спорт входит в программу школ и вузов.

3. Спортивные площадки и другие спортивные сооружения есть в любой школе или университете.

4. Основу профессионального спорта составляет сеть спортивных клубов и обществ.

5. Общенациональные спортивные общества имеют местные отделения в разных городах страны.

6. Детские спортивные школы управляются спортивными обществами.

7. Дети и молодые люди проходят подготовку в целом ряде видов спорта – художественной гимнастике, лёгкой атлетике, плавании, боксе и т.д.

8. Членские взносы в спортивных клубах при предприятиях и организациях умеренные.

9. В любительских спортивных клубах люди занимаются различными видами спорта, это помогает им сохранять хороший тонус и быть более организованными в повседневных делах.

10. Многие студенты занимаются спортом и любят смотреть спортивные соревнования на стадионе или по телевизору.

11. В России хорошо развиты многие виды спорта, такие как лёгкая атлетика, футбол, фигурное катание, плавание.

12. В каждом университете есть спортзал, стадион или плавательный бассейн.

13. Заниматься спортом на открытом воздухе значит укреплять и закаливать организм.

14. Большое внимание уделяется водным видам спорта: прыжкам в воду, парусным гонкам, гребле и рафтингу.

15. Российские спортсмены принимают участие в международных регатах.

16. На Олимпийских играх мы завоевали много золотых, серебряных и бронзовых медалей.

17. Международные соревнования часто транслируют по радио и ТВ.

 Text b. Olympic games

The Olympic Games have a very long history. They are a very old tradition in the world of sports. This tradition began more than two thousand years ago, in Greece. In 776 BC the first Olympics were held. All the cities sent their best athletes to Olympia near Mount Olympus – themythical home of gods – to compete in strength, speed and adroitness. Men wanted to know who of them were the strongest, the swiftestand the adroitest. Hence the then motto was “Citius, altius, fortius” (Latin – faster, higher, stronger). During the Olympic Games all wars between the cities stopped and people enjoyed peace.

Originally the Games were an ancient Greek religious festival in honor of Zeus. The ceremonies included contests in oratory, poetry, music and art, as well as in athletic skills like wrestling, throwing the javelin, and running. The Games were an exclusively male festival. Women were not allowed to compete, or even to attend and watch. The victors were crowned with olive leaves rather than with gold medals. To be a victor was a great honor not only for the athlete but also for his city. The Games lasted for five days. They were held over the period of 200 years, and then they were abolished by a Christian Emperor because they were held in honor of Zeus, a non-Christian god. The temple at Olympia was destroyed.

The Games offer a unique opportunity for young people from all over the world to run, jump, row, wrestle, swim, ski, skate, fence and play indoor and outdoor games. The Games take place every four years; the Olympic Committee decides the place and the choice of sport events that athletes will participate in.

The Games were discontinued for over a thousand years and were revived in the modern world in 1896 due to Pierre de Coubertin from France. 311 athletes from 13 countries competed in nine sports in Athens, Greece.

At first, the modern Games were limited to men. Women first competed in 1910 in biathlon (ski-running plus shooting), played ping-pong and golf, but real women’s participation began in Paris in 1924 when women’s athletics was included in the program.

Winter Games were first held in France at Chamonix in 1924, with competitions in ice-hockey, speed skating, figure-skating, and skiing. These are still the basic events of the winter program, with the addition of bobsleigh, skeleton (toboggan races), and ski-jumping.

The most impressive events of the opening ceremony are the taking of the oath, the lighting of the Olympic flame, and the hoisting of the flag.

The Olympic flag has a motif of five rings on a white background. They represent five continents of the world and symbolize universal brotherhood. The six colors, the white of the background and the blue, yellow, black, green and red rings represent the nations of the world.

Each Olympiad has been growing in the scale of competition, number of competitors and size of the audience watching them – live or on television. Huge stadiums accommodate tens of thousands of spectators, while television brings the scene directly to the homes of the whole world.

The 22nd Olympic Games took place in the Soviet Union in 1980. Five cities – Moscow, Kiev, Minsk, Riga and Tallinn greeted the world’s champions. Our sportsmen and sportswomen won 80 gold, 64 silver and 49 bronze medals then. That was the best result among other national teams.

Nowadays the Olympiad is held every four years. The next one (“the white” one) will take place in Sochi, Russian Federation. It will contribute much to peace, understanding and friendship among peoples.

Vocabulary:

Ответьте на вопросы.

1. What is the history of the ancient Olympic Games?

2. How and when were the Olympics renewed?

3. What was the first modern Olympiad characterized by?

4. What are the functions of the International Olympic Committee?

5. How were the winter Games introduced?

6. Can you describe the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games?

7. Can you describe the closing ceremony of the Olympic Games?

8. What can you say about our Paralympic athletes?

9. What part does Russia play in the Olympic movement?

10. What proves that Russia is an active participant of the Olympic movement?

11. What can say about the importance of the Olympic Games?

12. When and where will the next Olympics be held?

Найдите английские эквиваленты

Переведите на английский язык

Древние греки придавали большое значение физической форме.

Первые Олимпийские Игры проводились в честь бога Зевса.

Они включали соревнования по метанию диска и молота и многие другие виды состязаний.

В 1896 г. Олимпийские Игры были возобновлены.

МОК – это центральный орган, определяющий политику Олимпийского движения.

МОК принимает решение о месте проведения следующей Олимпиады.

После вступления в Олимпийское движение российские спортсмены собрали много медалей и установили большое количество 

Sports in great britain

The British are a sports-loving nation. Cricket, soccer, rugby, tennis, squash, table tennis, badminton, canoeing and snooker were allinvented in Britain. The first rules for such sports as boxing, golf, hockey, yachting and horse-racing also originated from Britain. The most popular sports that people take part in, rather than watching, are angling, snooker and darts.

Cricket is very much the English game. A match can take five days - and still end in a draw. A form of cricket was being played 250 years ago.

Football began as a contest between neighbouring villages - with no limit to the number on each side, no fixed pitch and almost no rules. The Football Association drew up the rules of the modem game in 1863 and in 1888 12 clubs joined together to form the first Football League.England won the World Cup in 1966. Rugby and football became two separate sports when the rules laid down by the Football Association said that only the goalkeeper could handle the ball. Two kinds of rugby are played in Britain. Rugby Union is played by amateurs in teams of 15 in the south of England and in Wales (where it is the national sport). Rugby League is played by professionals in teams of 13 in the north of England.

Golf was probably invented in Holland, but has been played in Scotland for at least 400 years. At first, it was played with balls made of wood, then of leather stuffed with feathers.

The first rules for tennis were drawn up by the All-England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club when it held its first tournament in the London suburb of Wimbledon in 1877. Wimbledon is still the world’s most famous tennis event.

There are a lot of sports and games which are popular both among youngsters and grown-ups. 25 million of grownup people take part in sports. Sports is on the programme of all state and private schools and universities. Nearly all schools have sports grounds and swimming Indeed, sports is a part of everyday life in Britain.

Vocabulary:

Ответьте на вопросы.

1. How can you prove that sport plays an important part in Britain’s life?

2. What is the history of football?

3. Is cricket popular in Britain?

4. Do you know its rules?

5. What two kinds of rugby are played in Britain?

6. Where was golf invented?

7. Do you know its rules?

8. Who drew up the first rules for tennis?

9. What do you know about Wimbledon?

10. What kinds of sports originated in the UK?

Переведите на английский.

Многие виды спорта были изобретены в Великобритании.

Футбольные правила были созданы Ассоциацией Футбола.

Матч крокета, чисто английской игры, может продолжаться несколько дней.

Регби и футбол - две различные игры.

В регби играют профессионалы и любители.

Гольф был изобретен в Голландии. Первые правила были созданы в 18 веке.

Всеанглийский Клуб тенниса и крокета провел первый чемпионат по теннису в 1877 году.

Поставьте крестики в соответствующие ячейки следующей диаграммы.

Сопоставьте пары противоположностей из двух столбцов.

SEASONS AND WEATHER

There are four seasons in a year: spring, summer, autumn and winter. Every season lasts about three months.

Winter usually begins in December and ends in March. It is cold in winter and often snows. There is much snow on the ground. It gets dark early in the evening. It gets light late in the morning. In winter we have the shortest days and the longest nights. It is difficult and unpleasant to get up early in the morning in winter because it is dark and cold.

But winter is a good time for sports. In winter we can go in for such kinds of sport as skating and skiing. It is very pleasant to go skiing in the country on a bright sunny day. At the end of winter the sun begins to shine as brightly as in spring, but it is not so warm as in spring yet.

Spring comes at the end of March. The sun begins to shine more brightly, the days become longer and the first spring flowers appear everywhere. Everything is so fresh and so beautiful, even people look younger. Everybody enjoys the beginning of spring. Most people say that spring is the best season of the year.

At the beginning of spring it is still cold, but at the end of it, it gets much warmer. Sometimes it rains. Of course, in spring it is much warmer than in winter but it is not so warm as in summer.

Summer is the warmest season of the year. It begins in June and ends in August. In summer it gets light early in the morning and it gets dark late in the evening. In summer we have the longest days and the shortest nights. It often rains but the rain is warm and does not last long. Most people have their holidays in summer and spend a lot of time in the open air. It is not pleasant to stay in town in summer, and most people leave town for the country. We can swim and bathe, we can play tennis and football. We enjoy our holidays if the weather is fine.

After summer comes autumn. Autumn is a beautiful season. Many people say that autumn is the most beautiful season of the year. Autumn is very beautiful at the beginning when it is still warm and the trees are getting yellow and red. They look so beautiful. There are a lot of brown, yellow and red leaves everywhere on the ground. Little by little the days become shorter and the nights become longer. It gets colder and colder. In October and November is often rains. Sometimes it even snows. It gets windy. There appear dark clouds in the sky. Of course, it is not so cold as in winter yet, but we know that winter is coming. It is more pleasant to stay inside than to be outside. Some people say that this is the worst time of the year.

Vocabulary:

to accept [qk'sept] – принимать. They accepted my son to the Institute.

ago– тому назад; three days ago

as for me – что касается меня.As for me I go in for skating.

behind – позади, за. The sun is behind the clouds. Behind the house there was a little garden. from behind – из-за. The sun appeared from behind the clouds.

to catch a train – успе(ва)ть на поезд. If you hurry, you can catch the train.

to come back – возвращаться. I came back home early.

competition ["kPmpI'tISn] – соревнование. What competition is taking place on the sports ground?

day off – выходной день. Sunday is my day off.

down– вниз, внизу; to go down; to sit down

event– соревнование (спортивное); a sports event

exhibition ["eksI'bISn] – выставка. What art exhibition did you visit a few days ago?

for– в течение. My brother was ill for two weeks.

forest – лес. It is pleasant to walk in the forest in all seasons. We always enjoy skiing in the forest.

to be glad – быть довольным, радоваться. I am glad to see you.

to go to see = to visit – навещать. Let her go to see a friend of hers tonight.

to go for a walk – ходить на прогулку, гулять. Let’s go for a walk.

to have a good time – хорошо провести время. We had a good time in the country yesterday.

hill– холм, горка; to ski down the hill

invitation ["InvI'teISn] - приглашение; to accept an invitation

to invite – приглашать. I invited him to spend his day off in the country.

kilometre ['kIlqmJtq] – километр. She lives 50 kilometres from the city.

long: So long!– Пока!

mind: Never mind!– Неважно!

moon – луна. The sun shines in the day-time, the moon shines at night.

museum [mjV'zIqm] - музей; to visit a museum

at one’s (place) – у кого-л. дома.We had a good time at my friend’s (place) last night. I was at my mother’s yesterday.

pleasure ['plezq] - удовольствие; to accept an invitation with pleasure

poor [pVq] – бедный, плохой. He came of a poor family. My spelling is poor. I am a poor skier.

to prefer [prI'fE:] – предпочитать. As for me I prefer skating to skiing.

the rest of – остальные. My friend and I stayed at the hostel last night, the rest of the students went skiing.

scenery ['sJnqrI] – пейзаж, ландшафт; a beautiful scenery

as soon as – как только. He hurried home as soon as classes were over.

to start – отправляться, начинать. The train starts at 11 o’clock.

station– станция. The station is quite near our house.

to take part in – принимать участие в. I am afraid to take part in the skiing competition because I am a poor skier.

tea- чай; to take (have, drink) tea. I prefer tea to coffee.

theatre ['Tiqtq] – театр. We went to the theatre together with my friend.

to be tired – быть усталым. I am a little tired.

train- поезд; to go (to come) by train. I came home by train.

to train – тренироваться. I’m training to be a good skier.

trip– поездка, прогулка; to start on a skiing trip

as usual – как обычно. Yesterday I got up at 9 o’clock as usual.

up– вверх. We went up the hill.

to visit = to go (to come) to see – посещать, навещать. How often do you visit museums?

way – путь, способ; on the way home (to the institute). There are different ways of doing this work; in this way – таким образом

to be a long way behind – отставать. I am afraid to be a long way behind you because I am a poor skier.

week-end – конец недели (суббота, воскресенье); at week-ends; to stay over the week-еnd at one’s place; to spend the week-end in the country

out of town = in the country – за городом

this is how I spent … - вот как я провёл

to watch our sportsmen training – смотреть, как тренируются спортсмены

1.Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1. How many seasons are there in a year?

2. What are they?

3. How long does every season last?

4. When does winter begin (end)?

5. Is it warm or cold in winter?

6. Are the days long or short in winter?

7. Does it often snow in winter?

8. Is there much snow on the ground?

9. Is winter a good time for sports?

10. What kinds of winter sports do you know?

11. When does spring come?

12. Is it as cold in spring as in winter?

13. Summer is the warmest season of the year, isn’t it?

14. When does it begin (end)?

15. How long does summer last?

16. Do people spend much time in the open air in summer?

17. Is summer a good time for sports?

18. What kinds of summer sports do you know?

19. What is the first autumn month?

20. What colour are the trees in autumn?

21. Do the days get shorter in autumn?

22. Does it often rain in autumn?

23. What season do you like best? Why?

24. What is the weather like today?

25. What weather are we having today?

1. Переведите на русский язык следующие словосочетания:

to stay inside; a beautiful season; a lot of leaves; on the ground; the last autumn month; the winter sun; fresh air; kinds of sport; of course; to live in the country; to go to the country; country life; town life; to leave town for the country; to go skating; a dark night; to enjoy the book; to shine brightly; to become an engineer; late in the morning; warm weather; little by little; to look younger; cloudy weather; in the sky; dark clouds; to be outside; to change for the better.

2. Переведите следующие слова, словосочетания и предложения на английский язык:

а) заниматься спортом; ехать за город; на небе; ходить на лыжах; вечером; летом; в начале лета; конечно; на земле; даже; всё ещё; летний день; на открытом воздухе;

б) 1. В воскресенье мы обычно ездим за город. 2. Погода хорошая, пойдём купаться. 3. Я не умею кататься на коньках. 4. Кто плавает лучше – ты или твой брат? 5. Осенью часто идёт дождь. 6. Сейчас идёт снег. 7. Приятно пройтись пешком в такой тёплый солнечный день. 8. Мой брат хочет стать врачом. 9. Дни становятся длиннее, а ночи короче. 10. Темнеет, тебе пора спать. 11. Кто из них моложе? 12. Каким спортом вы занимаетесь? 13. Похоже на дождь. 14. Я хочу, чтобы моя дочь занималась теннисом. 15.Светает,поравставать.

Dialogue

B: Hello, Nick. Glad to see you.

N: Hello, Bob.

B: What’s the matter with you? You look so tired.

N: Yes, I’m a little tired. I took part in the skiing competition. It was difficult to ski today because it was snowing hard. Such weather isn’t good for skiing.

B: Do you go in for skiing? You were fond of skating last year.

N: But that was last year! I like different kinds of sport.

B: As for me, I prefer summer sports, such as swimming and tennis. It’s too cold in winter.

N: It’s a pleasure to ski in the forest or in the fields in winter. Trees white with snow look so beautiful and the air is so fresh and clean. And the sun sometimes shines so brightly. I always enjoy such skiing trips. Join us next Sunday, if you like.

B: I am a poor skier, you know. I am afraid to be a long way behind you all the time.

N: Never mind. Let’s go. We are going to ski down the hills and to watch our sportsmen training for the competition.

B: All right. If you say it is so pleasant to ski in the country in winter, I am ready to try this kind of sport too. I am going with you next Sunday. What time do you meet?

N: At 10 o’clock as usual at the Sokol metro station. So long.

B: See you tomorrow.

3. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.

1. People spend their days off in different ways, don't they?

2. How do they like to spend their days off?

3. Where did you spend your last Saturday?

4. When did you get a letter from your sister?

5. Did your sister invite you to spend the week-end at her place in the country?

6. Did you accept the invitation?

7. Where do your sister and her husband live?

8. Have they a nice little house with a garden?

9. Is there a forest near their house?

10. How long did it take you to get to your sister’s place?

11. Did your sister meet you at the station?

12. What did you talk about on the way home?

13. What did you do, when you came home?

14. It was pleasant to walk in the evening, wasn’t it? Prove it, please.

15. How long did you ski in the forest on Sunday?

16. Were you hungry and tired after the skiing trip?

17. By what train did you come back to Moscow?

18. What time did you go to bed?

SPOPPING

When we want to buy something, we go to a shop. There are many kinds of shops in every town or city, but most of them have a food supermarket, a department store, men's and women's clothing stores, grocery, a bakery and a butchery.

Big department stores and supermarkets sell various goods under one roof. A department store, for example, true to its name, is composed of many departments: readymade clothes, fabrics, shoes, sports goods, toys, china and glass, electric appliances, cosmetics, linen, curtains, cameras, records, etc. You can buy everything you like there.

There are also escalators in big stores which take customers to different floors. In the women's clothing department you can find dresses, costumes, blouses, skirts, coats, beautiful underwear and many other things. In the men's clothing department you can choose suits, trousers, overcoats, ties, etc.

In the knitwear department one can buy sweaters, cardigans, short-sleeved and long-sleeved pullovers, woollen jackets. In the perfumery they sell face cream and powder, lipstick, lotions and shampoos.

In a food supermarket we can also buy many different things at once: sausages, fish, sugar, macaroni, flour, cereals, tea. At the butcher's there is a wide choice of meat and poultry. At the bakery you buy brown and white bread, rolls, biscuits.

Another shop we frequently go to is the greengrocery which is stocked by cabbage, potatoes, onions, cucumbers, carrots, beetroots, green peas and what not. If you call round at a dairy you can buy milk, cream, cheese, butter and many other products.

The methods of shopping may vary. It may be a self-service shop where the customer goes from counter to counter selecting and putting into a basket what he wishes to buy. Then he takes the basket to the check-out counter, where the prices of the purchases are added up. If it is not a self-service shop, the shop-assistant helps the customer in finding what he wants. You pay money to the cashier and he gives you back the change.

Ответьте на вопросы:

1. What do we do when we want to buy something?

2. What kinds of shops are there in every town?

3. Where do you like to do your shopping?

4. What departments is a department store composed of?

5. Where are the things for sale?

6. What can we buy in the knitwear department?

7. What can we buy in a food supermarket?

8. What methods of shopping are there?

Christmas Presents

Some weeks before Christmas shops are very busy. People buy presents for their relatives and friends. When I buy presents I always ask myself "Would he or she like to have this thing? Will he or she like my present?" Choosing presents is a difficult business for me. I never buy whatever comes up. I think twice and try to find reasons before buying this or that. This year I've bought a saucepan for Granny. Her old one is too small for our family. I've bought a new tie for Granddad. His old one isn't trendy at all. I've bought a very beautiful flower for Mum and a nice fish for Dad's aquarium. My little sister Jane likes watching cartoons. So I've bought a disk with her favourite ones. All these presents are from the heart.

Согласитесь или не согласитесь.

1. There are a lot of people in the shops before Christmas.

2. People buy presents for nearest and dearest.

3. Choosing presents is a hard business for Michael.

4. He buys whatever comes up.

5. Michael bought a new saucepan for Mum.

6. Michael bought a fish for Granddad's aquarium.

7. Michael bought a cassette with Jane's favourite cartoons.

Most British housewives love window shopping. This is a pastime when you just walk round the shops and look at all those beautiful things that are displayed in every shop window. Some women can spend the whole day looking at everything they meet on their way. But it would be a mistake to say that men are against this kind of shopping. You will certainly see a lot of unmarried couples, husbands and wives, or just friends wandering about different stores without any idea of buying something in the end.

Shop managers know about this feature of people's character and try to benefit from it. They usually place the most unusual, most beautiful or most attractive items in their shop windows to attract as many customers as possible. Sometimes you'll see something which has absolutely nothing to do with the things you can buy in the shop. For example, if you see a sheep dummy pretending that it peacefully eats grass, do not expect to buy a nice piece of mutton or, say, a toy sheep. Most probably this shop sells wool and woolen clothes. There is another point about shop windows. As managers make them look better to attract people, streets become more colorful and picturesque

Выберите подходящий конец предложения (a, b, с or d) в соответствии с текстом.

1. Window shopping

a) is not very popular in Europe;

b) is a nice pastime for some people;

c) is hated by men and older people;

d) is more difficult in the evening.

2. A manager must pay special attention to the shop windows because

a) they attract customers;

b) they are colorful and picturesque;

c) everyone likes window shopping;

d) everyone can throw a stone at the glass.

3. Things that are displayed in shop windows

a) sometimes frighten nervous customers;

b) sometimes have nothing to do with the goods;

c) sometimes look dirty;

d) sometimes pretend to be something else.

4. One of the reasons why window shopping is good is that

a) it keeps managers busy most of the time;

b) it is the best pastime for young people;

c) it protects the environment;

d) it helps to make streets look better.

MEALS

The usual meals are breakfast, lunch, tea and dinner. A traditional English breakfast is a very big one — sausages, bacon, eggs, vegetables. But many people just have cereal with milk, juice or yoghurt, a toast with marmalade, jam or honey. Marmalade is made from oranges and jam is made from other fruit. The traditional breakfast drink is tea which people have with cold milk. Some people have coffee, often instant coffee, which is made with just hot water. Many visitors to Britain find English coffee just horrible.

Lunch isn’t small either. At lunch, which is about one o’clock, cold mutton, fish with potatoes, salad and pickles generally grace the table. Lunch is a quick meal. In cities there are a lot of sandwich bars, where office workers can choose the kind of bread they want — brown, white, or a roll — and then all sorts of salad and meat or fish to go in the sandwich. English mutton is a treat, and it is prepared in such a way that you wouldn’t know it is mutton. Salad is a little different from ours. You only get the clean green leaves and the so-called «salad dressing», a mixture of oil, vinegar, salt, pepper and mayonnaise, that you may take according to your taste. English pubs often serve good, cheap food, both hot and cold. School children can have a hot meal at school but many just take a snack from home — a sandwich, a drink, some fruit, some crisps.

After lunch most people take coffee, though tea is the favourite beverage in England. That’s why there are no «coffee houses», but tea rooms and luncheon rooms are in abundance. There is nothing like an English party, at home or in the open air. Tea means two things. It is a drink and a meal.

Some people have afternoon tea, with sandwiches, cakes, and, of course, a cup of tea. Cream teas are popular. You have scones (a kind of cake) with cream and jam. The evening meal is the main meal of the day for many people. They usually have it quite early, between 6.00 and 8.00, and often the whole family eat together. Dinner begins with some salad, followed by a clear soup, fish, vegetable and dessert. In simplier homes the schedule is somewhat different. In the morning they have breakfast, at midday — dinner, which is considered to be the chief meal, tea in the afternoon and supper in the evening. The supper might consist of an omelette, bacon, sandwich and a cup of tea, coffee or cocoa.

On Sundays many families have a traditional lunch. They have roast meat either beef, lamb, chicken or pork with potatoes, vegetables and gravy. Gravy is a sauce made from the meat juices. When eating out, that is, on a picnic, the English load their luncheon baskets with all sorts of sandwiches made of thin slices of bread and butter with meat, ham, raw tomatoes or cucumbers. There in the basket you would likely find, besides cakes and biscuits, some bottles of ginger beer.

The British like food from other countries, too, especially Italian, French, Chinese and Indian. People often get takeaway meals — you buy the food at the restaurant and then bring it home to eat. Eating in Britain is quite international.

I. Ответьте на вопросы
1. What are the usual English meals?
2. Is English breakfast big or small?
3. What do people have for breakfast?
4. Do British people have soup for lunch?
5. What’s the difference between English and Russian salad?
6. What does «tea» mean?
7. When do the English have dinner?
8. Sunday lunch is something special, isn’t it?
9. What do British people load their luncheon baskets with?
10. What do foreign people think of English coffee?

II. Верно или не верно?
1. Many British people have a big breakfast.
2. People often have cereal or toast for breakfast.
3. Marmalade is made from any fruit.
4. People drink tea with hot milk.
5. Many foreign visitors love English coffee.
6. All British people have a hot lunch.
7. Pubs are good places to go for lunch.
8. British people eat dinner late in the evening.
9. Sunday lunch is a special meal.
10. When you get a takeaway meal, you eat it at home.

III. Заполните пропуски…
1. English breakfast is a big . . . .
2. People have . . . with milk or juice.
3. People have tea with . . . milk.
4. Pubs . . . good, cheap food.
5. Many children take a . . . from home.
6. The English … their baskets with all sorts of sandwiches.
7. Dinner in some homes is considered to be the . . . meal.
8. Tea is the favourite … in England.
9. At lunch cold mutton, fish, pickles generally .. . the table.
10. English mutton is a ….

IV. Выберите правильный ответ.
1. Gravy is . . .
a) kind of dessert.
b) a sauce made from meat juices.
c) a special beverage.

2. «Salad-dressing» is . . .
a) a special dish, consisting of different vegetables.
b) a salad topping.
c) a mixture of oil, vinegar, salt, mayonnaise.

3. A scone is . . .
a) a kind of biscuit.
b) a drink.
c) a sauce.

4. Tea is usually drunk with . . .
a) hot milk.
b) lemon.
c) cold milk.

 TRAVELLING

Twenty years ago not many people travelled overseas for their holidays. The majority of people stayed to have holidays in their country. Today the situation is different and the world seems much smaller.

 It is possible to book a holiday to a seaside resort on the other side of the world. Staying at home, you can book it through the Internet or by phone. The plane takes you straight there and within some hours of leaving your country, you can be on a tropical beach, breathing a super clean air and swimming in crystal warm water of tropical sea.

We can travel by car, by train or plane, if we have got a long distance tour. Some young people prefer walking or hitch-hike travelling, when you travel, paying nearly nothing. You get new friends, lots of fun and have no idea where you will be tomorrow. It has great advantages for the tourists, who want to get the most out of exploring the world and give more back to the people and places visited. If you like mountains, you could climb any mountains around the globe and there is only one restriction. It is money. If you like travelling, you have got to have some money, because it is not a cheap hobby indeed. The economy of some countries is mainly based on tourism industry. Modern tourism has become a highly developed industry, because any human being is curious and inquisitive, we like leisure, visit other places. That is why tourism prospers.

People travel from the very beginning of their civilization. Thousands years ago all people were nomads and collectors. They roamed all their lives looking for food and better life. This way human beings populated the whole planet Earth. So, travelling and visiting other places are the part of our consciousness. That is why tourism and travelling are so popular.

Nowadays tourism has become a highly developed business. There are trains, cars and air jet liners, buses, ships that provide us with comfortable and secure travelling. If we travel for pleasure, by all means one would like to enjoy picturesque places they are passing through; one would like seeing the places of interest, enjoying the sightseeing of the cities, towns and countries.

Nowadays people travel not only for pleasure but also on business. People have to go to other countries for taking part in different negotiations, for signing some very important documents, for participating in different exhibitions, in order to exhibit the goods of own firm or company. Travelling on business helps people to get more information about achievements of other companies, which will help making own business more successful.

There are a lot of means of travelling: travelling by ship, by plane, by car, walking. It depends on a person to decide which means of travelling one would prefer.

Ответьте на вопросы.

1. Did the majority of people leave their country to spend holidays twenty years ago?

2. Can we book a holiday to a seaside resort on the other side of the world today?

3. Is it possible to book a holiday to a seaside resort on the other side of the world from home?

4. What means of travelling do you know?

5. What countries depend mainly on tourism?

6. Why does tourism prosper?

7. Where do people like going on vacation?

8. What is the most interesting means of travelling for you? Why?

9. Why do most travelers carry a camera with them?

10. What does travelling give us?

11. How does travelling on business help you? 12. What are the means of travelling?

HOLIDAY MAKING

Normally people plan their holidays in advance. Holiday- making people, as a rule, prefer to stick to the same travel agency they have already used before and got their money’s worth. On the one hand, they trust the travel agency they’ve got to know earlier, on the other, they expect to purchase a tour package at a reduced price as regular customers suppose you are not an experienced holiday-maker. You are at a loss which travel agency to choose out of a large amount of agencies offering similar services. You want an enjoyable holiday at some reasonable price, or at least you don’t want to be trapped.

Here are some hints for you. Out of the travel agencies offering similar destinations and tours pick out 4 or 5. Their names should be familiar to you: their ads regularly appear in travelogues and in mass media. Compare the prices: they should be neither too high, nor too low. All the ad information should be clear to you: nothing should seem odd.

Call the travel agencies you have picked out, and if you lack some information or advice, don’t hesitate to ask questions. Responding to the callers’ queries is a part of travel agents’ duty. If you are still not disappointed, make an appointment with the travel clerk at the agency office.

Efficient travel clerks will always help you to make a decision about where to go, what to see or where to stay in each area you plan to visit. Travel agents are sure to have the most comprehensive information at hand about the destinations they offer. There are usually lots of travelogues, brochures, folders, tourist’s guides and maps available for customers.

You may either Choose and obtain a ready-made tour package, or ask for a tailor-made tour package. Most of travel companies are able to arrange tailor-made tours according to their customers’ requests.

Purchasing a tour you should pay in cash or by credit card. You will get a voucher for the services you have paid for, air tickets and other travel documents. Travel agents may offer you to pay for your travel insurance. Bear in mind that in 9 high season the prices are up to 25 per cent higher than in low season, party tours are cheaper than individual ones; children get discounts or even travel free.

How do holiday-making people choose a travel agency?

2. Why are you at a loss when you are not an experienced holiday-maker?

3. There are some hints for an inexperienced holiday-maker, aren’t there?

4. Why shouldn’t you hesitate to ask questions?

5. What will efficient travel clerks always help you with?

6. What are most of travel companies able to arrange?

7. What do many travel agents offer you to pay for?

8. When are the prices higher?

2. Transcribe and pronounce correctly: Agency, purchase, amount, similar, query, efficient, area, brochure, voucher, insurance. 3. Give English equivalents from the text and use them in sentences of your own: (1) придерживаться чего-либо (2) постоянные клиенты (3) растеряться (4) предлагать сходные услуги (5) регулярно появляться в каталогах путешествий (6) назначить встречу в офисе (7) помочь решить что-либо (8) платить наличными (9) высокий сезон 10 (10) групповой тур