Контрольная работа по теме: «Подготовка учащихся к выполнению заданий раздела «Чтение» в формате ЕГЭ
материал для подготовки к егэ (гиа) по английскому языку (11 класс)

Опубликовано 09.10.2019 - 10:04 - Бабкина Светлана Ивановна

Чтение является одним из важнейших видов коммуникативно-познавательной деятельности учащихся. Эта деятельность направлена на извлечение информации из письменно фиксированного текста. Чтение выполняет различные функции: служит для практического овладения иностранным языком, является средством изучения языка и культуры, средством информационной и образовательной деятельности и средством самообразования. Как известно, чтение способствует развитию других видов коммуникативной деятельности. Именно чтение даёт наибольшие возможности для воспитания и всестороннего развития школьников средствами иностранного языка.

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Бюджетное образовательное учреждение дополнительного профессионального образования «Институт развития образования Омской области»

Кафедра филологического образования

Контрольная работа по теме: «Подготовка учащихся к выполнению

заданий раздела «Чтение» в формате ЕГЭ

Работу выполнила:

Бабкина Светлана Ивановна,

учитель английского языка

МОУ «Лицей № 25»

Омск-2011

Введение

Итак, обучение технике чтения вслух является и целью и средством обучения чтению, так как позволяет управлять через внешнюю форму формированием механизмов чтения, дает возможность упрочить произносительную базу, лежащую в основе всех видов речевой деятельности.

Задачей ЕГЭ по английскому языку в разделе «Чтение» является проверка уровня сформированности у учащихся умений в 3 видах чтения:

понимание основного содержания;
понимание структурно-смысловых связей текста;
полное понимание текста.

С целью выполнения поставленной задачи экзаменуемым предлагается три составных задания, включающих 20 вопросов: задание B2 – базового уровня, B3 – повышенного уровня, A15-A21 – высокого уровня.

Каждое задание состоит из инструкции на русском языке, объясняющей, как выполнять задание; текста и тестовых вопросов. Рекомендуемое время на выполнение всех заданий – 30 минут, включая время для переноса ответов в специальный бланк.

Проверяемые умения по чтению делятся на три блока:

умение понять основное содержание аутентичного текста описательного характера;
умение выделить структурно-смысловые связи в тексте;
умение полностью понять содержание текста.

Типичные ошибки экзаменуемых

Год за годом характер типичных ошибок выпускников практически не изменяется —

экзаменуемые неверно заполняют бланк ответов: заносят в него лишние символы или заносят ответ в неправильные позиции;
неправильно определяют ключевые слова, соответствующие теме текста;
пренебрегают контекстом и дают ответ на тестовый вопрос, основываясь на значении отдельного слова;
стараются найти в тексте лексику, использованную в вопросе, не пытаясь подобрать синонимы или синонимичные выражения к словам из текста;
выбирают ответ в задании В3, основываясь только на структуре или только на содержании изъятой из текста фразы.

По степени проникновения в содержание текста и в зависимости от коммуникативных потребностей существуют чтение просмотровое, поисковое (просмотрово-поисковое), ознакомительное и изучающее.

При обучении чтению учащихся средней школы освоению подлежат эти виды чтения, при этом надо учитывать их особенности и взаимосвязь.

Поисково-просмотровое чтение направлено на получение самого общего представления о содержании текста. Учащийся ищет в тексте лишь интересующую его информацию.
Ознакомительное чтение предполагает извлечение основной информации из текста, получение общего представления об основном содержании, понимание главной идеи текста.
Изучающее чтение отличается точным и полным пониманием содержания текста, воспроизведением полученной информации в пересказе, реферате и т.д.

Основное требование к текстам - тексты должны быть информативны, по возможности занимательны, доступны, отражать адекватную картину мира. Они должны соответствовать возрастным особенностям; должны задавать содержательный план речи и обеспечивать реализацию практических, образовательных, воспитательных и развивающих целей обучения. На их основе осуществляется аналитико-синтетическая фаза деятельности чтения.

Выделяют три этапа чтения:

Pre-reading

While reading
Post reading

На разных этапах чтения учащиеся выполняют разные виды заданий.

Тренировочные упражнения

Установите соответствие рубрик A – G текстам 1 – 6, в которых содержится важная информация для туристов, приезжающих в Ирландию. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании одна рубрика лишняя.

A.	INFORMATION
B.	TRANSPORT
C.	PEOPLE
D.	CLIMATE
E.	TELEVISION
F.	FOOD
G.	RADIO

1.	Ireland is located on an island. Winters in Ireland are not cold and rivers do not freeze. The summer months of June, July and August are mild. However, the weather is changeable. If you are going to visit Ireland in summer, do not forget to take an umbrella and warm clothes.
2.	Most buses in big cities in Ireland have conductors who collect the money, but in small places passengers pay the driver. The trains in Ireland are not cheap, but they usually leave on time. Taxies are easy to get although they are rather expensive in comparison to other countries.
3.	Irish farmhouse cheeses are very popular gift items. Other products to delight tourists are Irish salmon, netted in autumn, oysters and hand-made chocolates.
4.	The best place to learn how to get a room in a hotel, change money, and much more is your nearest Tourist office. In Dublin city-centre the Tourist office is situated at 14 Upper O'Connel Street, beside the Savoy cinema.
5.	Ireland has two national stations, RTE 1 and Network 2. You can watch different programmes. Most popular are political news, country news, sports and music programmes. People can also enjoy watching drama, films etc.
6.	It is impossible to make any statement about the characteristics of the Irish, but they are known for their humour, hospitality, kindness. The Irish know how to have a good time and very often they get enjoyment in the pub to the accompaniment of Irish folk music.

1	2	3	4	5	6

Прочитайте вопросы 1 – 5 и рекламные объявления A – F о музеях в Вашингтоне, столице США, и установите соответствие между вопросами и рекламными объявлениями. В каждом тексте вы найдете ответ только на один вопрос. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу, приведенную ниже, где под номером вопроса впишите соответствующую букву. В задании один текст лишний.

Which museum

1.	is more than a century old?
2.	is named after a man who loved Asian art?
3.	gives an idea of what George Washington looked like?
4.	collects things of working class people?
5.	gives its visitors a chance to travel in space?

-A-

-B-

-C-

The Mount Vernon Museum gives an idea of George and Martha Washington's life. On display are personal things of America's first president and military equipment. One can also see porcelain and silver used at Mount Vernon.

A bust of George Washington modeled at Mount Vernon by the French sculptor Jean Houdon, is also exhibited. The bust is thought to look like the model. Washington is depicted as a general, the founder of the state.

In the Freer Gallery of Art visitors will find one of the finest collections of Chinese and Japanese art in the western world. A Detroit industrialist, Charles Lang Freer, was fond of Oriental art. During his trips to London he began collecting it. Later he gave his private collection to the museum which had been opened a century before.

The Renwick gallery shows American art from the 19th to the 21st centuries. The collection has works of modern American artists in glass, ceramics, metal, and wood. The building, begun in 1859, was Washington, D.C.'s first art museum. It is named after the building's architect, James Renwick.

-D-

-E-

-F-

This museum is filled with the sounds, sights and smells of the life of this big city in the past.

The museum tells about common people who worked in industries, trades and services, looking at their work and pastimes and uses reconstructed scenes, objects and photographs to bring their story to life.

This Museum is so much fun for kids and grown-ups. It tells the story of flight, from the first balloons to our current exploration of the Universe. It is the home of the first airplane. Only in this museum visitors can make a tour of the Universe and walk through a Skylab orbital workshop.

The attractive and unusual architecture of the Hirshhorn Museum sets it apart from the other museums on the Mall. Looking like a sculpture itself, the Hirshhorn Museum is a tall cylinder. The museum is named after an American collector of modern art.

1	2	3	4	5

Прочитайте отрывок из рассказа "Доверие" и выполните задания
А8 – А14, обводя цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую номеру выбранного вами варианта ответа.

During the baking hot months of the summer holidays my mother and I used to escape to one of the scattered lakes north of Prince Albert. In its magic surroundings we used to spend the long summer days in the open air, swimming and canoeing or just lying dreaming in the sun. In the evening the lake was always a bright, luminous grey after the unbelievable sunset colours had faded.

The last summer before we returned to England was particularly enchanted. For one thing, I was in love for the first time. No one will ever convince me that one cannot be in love at fifteen. I loved then as never since, with all my heart and without doubts or reservations or pretense.

My boyfriend Don worked in Saskatoon, but the lake was ''his place'' – the strange and beautiful wilderness drew him with an obsessive urgency, so I suspected it was not to see me that he got on his motor-cycle as many Fridays as he possibly could, and drove three hundred-odd miles along the pitted prairie roads to spend the weekends at our place.

Sometimes he couldn't come, and the joy would go out of everything until Monday, when I could start looking forward to Friday again. He could never let us know in advance, as we were too far from civilization to have a phone or even a telegraph service. Three hundred miles in those conditions is quite a journey. Besides, Don was hard up, and sometimes worked overtime at weekends.

One Friday night a storm broke out. I lay in bed and listened to the thunder and the rain beating on the roof. Once I got up and stood looking out over the treetops, shivering. I tried not to expect Don that night hoping he would have enough sense to wait until the storm ended. Yet in my frightened thoughts I couldn't help imagining Don fighting the storm. His motorbike, which had always looked to me so heavy and solid, seemed in my thoughts frail enough to be blown onto its side by the first gust that struck it. I thought of Don pinned under it, skidding, his face pressed into the mud.

I crawled back into bed, trying to close my throat against the tears. But when my mother, prompted by the deep sympathy and understanding between us, came in to me, she kissed my cheek and found it wet.

"Don't get upset, Jane,'' she said softly. ''He may still come.''

When she had tucked me in and gone, I lay thinking about Don, about the danger of the roads … you couldn't ride or walk along them safely after heavy rain; your feet would slip from under you. The roads in Northern Canada are not like the friendly well-populated English ones, where there are always farmhouses within walking distance and cars driving along them day and night.

It was hours later, that I suddenly realized the sound of the roaring engine was real. The storm was dying. I lay absolutely still, relief and pain fighting for ascendancy within me, each in itself overwhelming enough to freeze the breath in my lungs as I heard Don's heavy tired footsteps on the wooden stairs.

The last summer was particularly fascinating for Jane because she

1)	spent it in the magic surroundings.
2)	had a lot of fun in the open air.
3)	enjoyed unbelievable sunsets by the lake.
4)	fell in love for the first time.

Jane believes that love at fifteen is

1)	a sincere deep feeling.
2)	associated with doubts.
3)	full of reservations.
4)	connected with pretense.

A10

Don travelled three hundred-odd miles every weekend because he was

1)	desperate to see the author before she left.
2)	fond of riding his motorcycle.
3)	attracted by the beauty of the lake.
4)	fond of spending weekends with his friends.

A11

Sometimes Don didn't come to see Jane and her mother on Friday because he

1)	thought they were too far from civilization.
2)	had given up hope of seeing the author.
3)	worked to make some extra money.
4)	hated travelling in exhausting conditions.

A12

Mother came into Jane's room during the storm because she

1)	felt Jane was afraid of the thunder.
2)	felt Jane was worried about Don.
3)	heard Jane walking in the room.
4)	heard Jane crying in her bed.

A13

According to the author the roads in Northern Canada were

1)	slippery.
2)	muddy.
3)	lonely.
4)	busy.

A14

“… relief and pain fighting for ascendancy within me…” means that the author felt

1)	overwhelming pain.
2)	relief and pain alternately.
3)	relief as a prevailing emotion.
4)	neither relief nor pain.

Практическая часть

Раздел 2. Чтение

Установите соответствие тем A – H текстам 1 – 7. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

A.	CAR RACE	E.	HELPFUL MACHINE
B.	REAL PLEASURE	F.	DIFFERENT TOYS
C.	FAVOURITE TOY	G.	UNUSUAL CAR
D.	SERIOUS PROBLEMS	H.	NOBLE GIFT

1.	Things boys play with are not like objects girls play with. Boys often have more freedom to run about and they get guns, train sets, toy trucks and toy cars. Electronic games are very popular among young boys. Toys for girls are much quieter and more passive. Young girls often get things like dolls, dresses, and pictures to colour.
2.	“Teddies” are an important part of British culture. Most people in Britain have a teddy bear when they are young, and most people are very fond of their special bear, even when they are 30 or 40 years old! Many famous people like film stars or pop stars or politicians collect “teddies”. These people have donated their old friends to the teddy bear museum which is in Stratford-on-Avon in England. Many tourists go to this place, because it is the birthplace of Shakespeare, but they often love the teddy bear museum more.
3.	Computer games are a multimillion dollar industry, but people who really enjoy games are not satisfied with playing against the computer. They want to play against real people and most computer games allow you to do that just by joining up with other players on the Internet. Regular players say that this is where their true enjoyment of games can be found. With some games up to 60 people can take part. It's a good way to meet people and it gives you something to talk about.
4.	The big American company General Motors has developed a vehicle that uses the power of the sun instead of petrol. The vehicle is called Sunraycer which means "ray of the sun"+"racer". Sunraycer has just taken part in a race against 25 solar-powered vehicles. Sunraycer covered the great distance in 45 hours at a speed of 41 miles an hour at temperatures as high as 48°C. It is certainly the car of the future.

Computers are a great technological invention of the 20th century. Their advantages are numerous yet much can be said against them. The main disadvantage of computers is that looking at a screen for long periods of time is bad for the eyes, and sitting on a chair for hours is not healthy. Also, people who use computers have a tendency to become anti-social and stay at home. The strongest argument against the use of computers is that the more jobs which are done by computers, the less are done by people.

Thirty years ago few people realized that computers were about to become part of our everyday lives. This short period of time has seen great changes in business, education and public administration. Jobs which took weeks to do in past, are now carried out in minutes. Schoolchildren have become as familiar with hardware and software as their parents were with pencils and exercise books and they don’t worry about mistakes having a computer.

Generous granddad Martin Rossiter, from Macclesfield, has built a treehouse for his grandchildren – costing £35,000! The top-of-the-range two-storey treehouse features a series of rope walkways between the sycamores, oaks and pine trees in Martin’s garden and took builders five days to make. He plans to add running water, electricity and bunk beds to make it perfect play-den. Martin has 12 grandchildren – aged from 2 to12 – but the rest of his family believe he secretly made the house for himself!

1	2	3	4	5	6	7

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 1 – 6 частями предложений
A – G. Одна из частей в списке А – G – лишняя. Перенесите ответы в таблицу.

The monster fish announced itself with four huge blows of its tail, thrashing against the net that had trapped it in the Mekong River.

It was a rare giant catfish, 1__________________.

At 2.7 meters in length and weighing 293 kilogram, it may be the biggest freshwater fish ever recorded.

But in one of the world’s more surprising mysteries, nobody really knows which is the biggest species of fish lurking under the waters of the Mekong or the Amazon or the Yangtze or the Congo or the Colorado or Lake Baikal.

When the giant catfish was caught in May, a biologist named Zeb S. Hogan rushed here to take a look. It was his first trophy 2__________________.

Sponsored by the National Geographic Society and the World Wildlife Fund, 3__________________.

He has started with the Mekong, which he said has seven species of giant fish, more than any other river, along with at least 750 other species. All of them are threatened –
4__________________– by overfishing, pollution and development, including major dam projects.

The Mekong giant catfish may be 5__________________. The few that remain can be spotted now only in central Cambodia and here, just below the Golden Triangle, where northern Thailand, Laos and Myanmar meet.

No one has made a credible claim to top this year’s trophy, Mr. Hogan said. “I keep expecting people to send me photos or records of larger fish, 6__________________,” Mr. Hogan said. “But that’s kind of the point of the project. Let’s gather all the information that’s out there and decide which is the largest freshwater fish.”

A.	like river fish around the world
B.	in a project to identify the world’s largest freshwater fish in the hope of slowing their extinction
C.	but nobody has
D.	and it took five boatmen an hour to pull it in and 10 men to lift it when they reached the shore in this remote village in northern Thailand
E.	but we couldn’t weigh it
F.	Mr. Hogan has embarked on an 18-month expedition that will take him to five continents
G.	the first to disappear from the river, he said

1	2	3	4	5	6

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А15 – А21, обводя цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую номеру выбранного вами варианта ответа.

My friendship with Kathy wasn’t a perfect friendship. I learned very soon in our relationship that Kathy was jealous. We would have great fun going out shopping but if I bought, say, a dress for a party and she thought my dress was better than hers, she would start to say slightly unkind things about it. She would be keen to come out with me to buy the dress. She would give me a lot of helpful advice while I was trying on the various dresses in the shops. Her advice would be good. She would even tell the shop assistant if she thought the price was too high. I can remember one occasion when she said this and, to my surprise, they knocked the price down so that I could afford to buy it. The trouble would come later. When we were actually going to the party and we were both dressed up and she was looking marvellous (for she was very beautiful) she would suddenly say, “I think, Sarah, we were both wrong about that dress. It looks a bit cheap, doesn’t it!”

Once or twice I “dropped” Kathy. I told her I was too busy to see her. Or I told her I had to see another friend. All these lies hurt me because I had no other friend and I was so lonely. But they never hurt her. She just smiled sweetly and said she’d see me next week. And of course, within a week or so, I’d be on the phone asking her to come out. She never minded this. She never sulked at me and pretended that she was too busy.

Students always celebrated the end of the college year with a fancy-dress ball. It was a big event. But as luck would have it, Kathy and I had made another arrangements for the day of the ball. We had booked to go to the theatre. We had talked for ages of going, and at last we had our tickets. For us it was a big event. It was a musical and our favourite singer star was in it, so our hearts were set on the theatre.

Then Kathy came round to see me. Mother was in at the time, and I had to speak to her on the doorstep because Mum had just been having a go at me for seeing too much of Kathy.

“I don’t want that girl coming in this house and nosing around.” So I told Kathy I couldn’t invite her in because my Mum had a bad headache.

Kathy didn’t mind. She smiled and said she was sorry about my mother’s bad head. I was sure she knew what had really happened.

But she carried on smiling, and then she said: “I’m sorry, but I can’t come to the theatre with you after all. My brother’s come home and he wants to take me to the fancy-dress ball at the college. I can’t let him down.” I couldn’t believe that she would let me down. She knew how much I had looked forward to the theatre trip. We had talked about it together for months.

I was almost in tears by the time I had said goodbye to her and closed the door. My Mum was kind and understanding. She made me promise I would never see Kathy again. I agreed, and felt that was the least I could do by way of revenge for my disappointment. I told myself that I would never so much as talk to Kathy if I saw her. Our relationship was at an end. I would never forget what she had done to me.

A15

When Sarah says that Kathy was jealous she implies that Kathy didn’t like it when Sarah

1)	had fun going out.
2)	managed to buy the dress cheaply.
3)	wore expensive clothes.
4)	wore clothes smarter than her own.

A16

When Sarah was buying a dress in a shop Kathy would

1)	start to say slightly unkind things about it.
2)	do her best to ensure that Sarah made the best buy.
3)	insist that Sarah should buy a cheap dress.
4)	be keen to buy a marvellous dress for herself.

A17

When Sarah tried to “drop” her, Kathy

1)	pretended to be busy.
2)	went to see another friend.
3)	felt hurt and lonely.
4)	always took it easy.

“But as luck would have it” in paragraph 3 means Kathy and Sarah

A18

1)	had the luck to get the tickets for the musical.
2)	were happy to have made arrangements for the ball.
3)	were looking forward to hearing their favourite singer.
4)	had by chance two events on the same day.

A19

Sarah couldn’t invite Kathy to come in because

1)	their house was in a mess.
2)	her mother was suffering from a bad headache.
3)	her mother disapproved of her daughter’s friend.
4)	Kathy had come to their house to nose around.

Kathy said she didn’t mind speaking to Sarah on the doorstep because she

A20

1)	didn’t want to make Sarah feel uncomfortable.
2)	believed that Sarah’s Mum had a headache.
3)	did not want anyone to overhear them talking.
4)	was in a hurry to see her brother.

A21

Sarah decided not to see Kathy again because

1)	her mother forbade her.
2)	she couldn’t forgive Kathy.
3)	her mother was disappointed.
4)	she wanted to revenge for her mother.

По окончании выполнения заданий В2, В3 и А15 – А21 НЕ ЗАБУДЬТЕ ПЕРЕНЕСТИ СВОИ ОТВЕТЫ В БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ № 1! ОБРАТИТЕ ВНИМАНИЕ, что ответы на задания В2 – В3, А15 – А21 располагаются в разных частях бланка.

Ответы

Раздел 2. Чтение
№ задания	Ответ
А15	4
А16	2
А17	4
А18	4
А19	3
А20	1
А21	2

	Чтение
В2	FCBGDEH
B3	DBFAGC

Заключение

Рекомендации для учащихся по технологии обучения и по выполнению экзаменационных заданий

1. При развитии навыка «Чтение» в рамках подготовки к ЕГЭ по английскому языку, используйте те же типы текстов, которые используются в контрольных измерительных материалах ЕГЭ.

Для чтения с пониманием основного содержания: краткие газетные/журнальные статьи информационного характера, объявления, рекламные и информационные брошюры, путеводители;

Для чтения с извлечением необходимой информации: газетные/журнальные статьи, рекламные и информационные брошюры, путеводители, научно-популярные тексты.

Для чтения с полным пониманием прочитанного: отрывки из художественной литературы, газетные/журнальные статьи проблемного и очеркового характера, научно-популярные тексты проблемного характера и более высокого уровня сложности.

2. Всегда внимательно читайте инструкцию к выполнению задания и извлекайте из неё максимум информации. Инструкция к выполнению задания, прежде всего, ориентирует экзаменуемого на выполнение определенной задачи, т.е. на определенный вид чтения: ознакомительное (понимание общего содержания текста); поисковое (понимание запрашиваемой информации); изучающее (полное понимание текста).

Разные виды чтения требуют разных стратегий, разных умений.

Чтение с пониманием основного содержания не предполагает полного понимания всего текста, поэтому не стремитесь понимать (и тем более переводить) каждое слово в тексте.

В заданиях на соответствие нужно уделять внимание списку тем (рубрик, заголовков), которые предшествуют собственно текстам.

Находите ключевые слова в тексте, необходимые для понимания основного содержания. Если вы не знаете точно значение слов, от которых не зависит понимание основного содержания, это не повлияет на результат выполнения задания.

Если по заданию требуется понять тему или основную идею текста, с особым вниманием читайте первый и последний абзацы, где обычно заключена тема или идея. Если в задании даются микротексты и требуется понять их тему, то первое и последнее предложения каждого текста больше всего помогут учащимся понять то, что требуется.

При обучении ознакомительному (как и поисковому) чтению следует ограничивать время выполнения заданий.

3. Не паникуйте, если в тексте много незнакомых слов.

4. Даже если у вас нет абсолютной уверенности в правильности ответа, не оставляйте экзаменационные вопросы вообще без ответов.

5. При тренировке умения понимать структурно-логические связи в тексте (задание В3) целесообразно помнить о следующем:

Этот вид чтения также не предполагает полного понимания всего текста, поэтому не нужно стремиться понимать (и тем более переводить) каждое слово в тексте.

Выполнение задания следует начать с ознакомительного чтения всего текста и более внимательного прочтения списка частей предложений (фраз), которые надо вставить в пропуски.

Сконцентрируйтесь именно на этом списке, подбирая для каждой единицы соответствующий контекст (либо можно идти от текста, подбирая фразу для заполнения пропуска). Возможны оба эти пути. Важно понимать, что фактически это задание на понимание запрашиваемой информации и необходимо сосредоточить внимание на поиске только этой информации.