Материал для подготовки к ОГЭ
материал для подготовки к егэ (гиа) по английскому языку (9 класс)

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Speaking . Обратите внимание на то, как долго кандидаты отвечают на вопросы? Какие вводные фразы они используют? Кто на ваш взгляд лучше справляется с заданием? А теперь попробуйте ответить на вопросы экзаменатора . Good morning/afternoon/evening. My name is … and this is my colleague .. .. And your names are? • Where are you from , (Candidate A)? • And you , (Candidate B)? First we’d like to know something about you . Select one or more questions from any of the following categories, as appropriate. Food and drink Have you ever tried typical food from another country? (How did you like it?) Do you like eating fast food? (Why? / Why not?) What do you like to eat and drink when you go to a party? Do you usually have lunch at home or at school / work?

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Family and home Is your house old or new? (Tell us about it) Do you like staying at home at weekends? (Why? / Why not?) Have you got any brothers or sisters? (Tell us how you get on with them) Does your family like spending time together? (When?) Education and work Have you got any plans for when you finish school / university? In your opinion, which subject is the easiest to learn? (Why?) How long does it take you to get ready for school/college/work every day? What would be your ideal job? (Why?)

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Посмотрите видео по второй части задания. Обратите внимание на то, как кандидаты сравнивают картинки. Какие фразы они для этого используют? In this part of the test, I’m going to give each of you 2 photographs. I’d like you to talk about your photographs on your own for about a minute, and also to answer a short question about your partner’s photographs. (Candidate A), it’s your turn first. Here are your photograph .They show people doing challenging activities. I’d like you to compare the photographs, and say why you think the people may be doing these challenging activities. All right? (1 minute)

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Thank you . (Candidate B), would you like to try sky-diving? (30 seconds)

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Now, (Candidate B), here are your photographs. They show places that are visited by lots of tourists. I’d like you to compare the photographs, and say why you think people would want to visit places like these. All right? (1 minute) Thank you . (Candidate A), do you like sightseeing in an old town? (30 seconds)

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Полезные фразы They both show/have/etc They’re both quite similar because they both show/have/etc There are ….. in both photographs Both of them have got…. In them. The top one looks more….. than the bottom one. The one on the left is/shows/has ….. but the one on the right is …. This one is not as……as the other one. It’s quite difficult to compare them. This picture reminds me of ….. whereas the other one….

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Now, I’d like you to talk about something together for about two minutes. I’d like you to imagine that a language school is designing a new brochure to attract more students. Here are some ideas for things to include, and a question for you to discuss. First you have some time to look at the task (15 seconds). Now talk to each other about why this information might attract more students. (2 minutes) Now you have a minute to decide which two things not to include in the brochure. (1 minute)

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Agreeing or disagreeing with your partner (Parts 3 and 4) I agree That sounds like a good idea That’s a great idea You’re right! That’s true I’m not sure about that I don’t (really) agree Yes, but…

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Involving your partner (Part 3) What do you think? Do you think we should…? Why don’t we…? Perhaps we should… Let’s decide about…., shall we? What shall we do first?

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Expressing ‘for’ and ‘against’ views The good/bad thing(s) is/are… One advantage/disadvantage is… On the other hand…

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Speculating He might be on holiday/explaining something I think this would be good for him/might not help in the situation/could cause problems What would happen if people didn’t do anything? What if there were no opportunity to change? Perhaps/Maybe he’s studying for an exam

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Reaching a conclusion with your partner (Part 3) (What) have we decided then? So, let’s decide which one… I think that’s it, don’t you?

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А теперь представьте, что вы на экзамене и попробуйте ответить на вопросы экзаменатора ниже. Совет: старайтесь отвечать развернуто, демонстрируя знание сложных грамматических конструкций, хорошего словарного запаса и разговорных фраз. Interlocutor Use the following questions, in order, as appropriate: Why did you choose the school where you are studying? Do you think it is better to have language lessons in a group or individually? How much can you learn by using the Internet? What is the best age to start learning a foreign language? How important is it to enjoy the experience of learning? Do you think that people are influenced by advertisement they see? Interlocutor Thank you. That is the end of the test.

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ОГЭ Задания по грамматике и лексике Задание 18 - 26 Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст . Преобразуйте слова , напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк , обозначенных номерами 18 – 26, так , чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста . Заполните пропуски полученными словами . Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию 18 – 26 18. When the books ( DELIVER ), I went through them to decide which ones to keep and which ones should be given away or sold. 19. Then I ( COME ) across a book on Greek mythology which had been published in 1892. 20. It looked like a very rare and valuable book, but the problem was that it ( NOT/SEEM ) to have belonged to my uncle at all! It had been borrowed from London University Library. 21. A few month ( LATE ) I went to London on business. 22. I decided that the ( GOOD ) thing I could do was to return the book to London University Library. 23. I went to the library and gave it to the librarian, who ( LOOK ) very worried. 24. Uncle Albert had borrowed the book in 1923 and according to their records there ( BE ) a £4000 as a fine! 25. That was the same amount my uncle ( LEAVE ) me! 26. Fortunately, they said the huge fine would be canceled now that I had returned the book to ( IT ) owner. I felt so relieved.

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18- were delivered 19- came 20- did not seem/didn't seem 21- later 22- best 23- looked/was looking 24- was 25- had left/'d left 26- its

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Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 27-32, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию 27-32. 27. Romania is a very interesting and picturesque country. Romania’s name itself suggests what makes it ( DIFFER )… from its neighbours . The connection with the Imperial Rome comes from the language which sounds like Italian. 28. The country is about the size of Great Britain. It has a ( POPULATE )… of 23 million, of whom ninety percent are Romanians. 29. The scenery is varied: ( MOUNTAIN )…. areas with summer and winter resorts, a very marvellous stretch of the Danube descends towards the Iron Gate. 30. There are many castles, palaces and monasteries with ( IMPRESS…. ) frescoes in Romania. 31. There are also ( HISTORY )… towns from the 13th century, Black Sea beach resorts. 32. And if this is not enough, there are more than 160 spas centres offering cures for ( NEAR )…. every illness known to man.

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27- different 28- population 29 -mountainous 30- impressive 31- historical 32- nearly

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Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 18–26, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию 18–26. 18 SHE Recently Harry Potter author J.K. Rowling has announced the latest addition to ______ hugely successful fictional phenomenon. 19 CALLI t’s a website ______ Pottermore.com. 20 CREATE The official online announcement reads: “ Pottermore is a free website that _______ an exciting online experience around the reading of the Harry Potter books.” 21 BET he author says there ______ a lot of new information on all the characters’ backgrounds and on wizardly locations. 22 HEAR There is currently no official Harry Potter website. Of course, almost everyone in the world _______ of the Harry Potter books. 23 BEGIN The story ______ when young Harry receives an invitation to go to a boarding school for wizards and witches. 24 BELIEVE Hogwarts _______ to have many typical features of British boarding schools. 25 BECOME But many people think that the books ______ so popular among teenagers and youngsters 26 MANY Because ______ of the time the main characters live and act without any adults around.

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18-her 19-called 20-creates 21-will be 22-has heard 23-begins 24-is believed 25-have become 26-most

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Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 27–32, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию 27–32. 27 IMPORTANCE The FIFA Women’s World Cup is recognized as the most ______ international event in women’s football. 28 REGULAR Played ______ every four years, the first Women’s World Cup Tournament was held in 1991. 29 INITIAL The tournament was ______ the brainchild of Joao Havelange . 30 COMPETE He was the FIFA president at that time. Since the first ______ 31 GERMANY both American and ______ teams have won the Cup twice. 32 CHAMPION The next ______ will be held in Canada in 2015.

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27-important 28-regularly 29-initially 30-competition 31-German 32-championship

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Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 18–26, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию 18–26. 18 BE The famous American poet Maya Angelou was born in St. Louis, Missouri, in 1928. When she ______ three years old, her parents divorced. 19 THEY She and her older brother were sent to live with ______ grandmother. 20 GRANDMOTHER Growing up at her _______ was a difficult, unhappy time for Maya. 21 SPEAK For almost four years, she ______ to no one but her brother. 22 BE Still she grew up ______ a successful singer, actress, and professor. 23 FAMOUS Today she is one of the ______ America’s authors. 24 SOME In 1993 Angelou read her moving poem, “On the Pulse of the Morning” and hardly ______American citizen missed it. 25 INVITE It happened at the ceremony to swear Bill Clinton in as president of the United States, where she ______ among many other guests. 26 SHOW The event ______ by all the TV channels and immediately brought Angelou worldwide fame.

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18 - was 19 - their 20 - grandmother's 21 - spoke 22 - to be 23 - most famous 24 - any 25 - was invited 26 - was shown

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Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 27–32, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию 27–32 . 27 GROW According to the latest research there are two main problems to consider. One of them is the constant increase of nuclear radiation produced by power stations and nuclear tests, the other — is the rapid ______ of population. 28 DANGER The speed, with which we are using up our non-renewable resources like oil and gas, is _______ . 29 DEVELOP With the _______ of our civilization we have become the worst enemies to the planet and to ourselves. 30 CRITIC Some scientists are pessimistic about our problems and think we have reached the point of no return or the ______ stage. 31 OPTIMISM Others are ______ who believe that our ecological problems are solvable. 32 THREATEN At least more and more people begin to understand how ______ they are for the humanity.

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27 - growth 28 - dangerous 29 - development 30 - critical 31 - optimists 32 - threatening

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Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 18–26, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию 18–26. 18 AUTHORITY Many languages are in danger today. Chinese ______ have taken steps to protect the Chinese language from the excessive use of English and other languages. 19 SAY The People’s Daily Online website _______ . 20 USE “With economic and social development foreign languages _______ more often in all types of publications in China. 21 INCLUDE It is true about all kinds of media ________ newspapers, books, e-books and the Internet publications”. 22 CHINA According to _______ General Administration of Press and Publication (GAPP) the invasion of English words in Chinese texts is abusing the language. 23 IT _______ website stated that English had damaged the standard and purity of the Chinese language severely and disrupted the harmonious cultural environment. 24 BELIEVE A great number of English borrowings ______ to cause negative social impacts. 25 MAKE Currently a lot of English abbreviations and acronyms are widely used in Chinese press. It ______ it difficult to understand the texts for those who are not fluent in English. 26 THEY But from now on all of them should be replaced with ______ Chinese equivalents.

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18 - authorities 19 - says 20 - are used 21 - including 22 - China's 23 - Its 24 - are believed 25 - makes 26 - their

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Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 27–32, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию 27–32 . 27 FAME Aesop lived in the 6th century BC. He was a ______ Greek author. 28 WRITE He is now well-known as a ______ of fables. 29 BEHAVE Through these many fables Aesop showed the wise and foolish ______ of men. 30 SLAVE Not much is known about the life of Aesop. It is believed he was born in Thrace, Greece and knew what ______ was on his own experience. 31 WISE It is said that his ______ delighted one of his masters. 32 FREE The man was so impressed that the slave was given his _______ .

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27 - famous 28 - writer 29 - behavior 30 - slavery 31 - wisdom 32 - freedom

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Food Production In the not-too-distant past farm animals were able to live (0) NATURAL lives in what we would now term NATURE ‘ free-range' conditions. Such farming methods however, were not able to supply the rapidly growing (1) ... POPULATE of the world and the increasing demands on food (2) ... In order to cope with this rising demand, factory CONSUME farming methods were introduced along with the (3) ... DEVELOP of genetically engineered (4) ... hormones, which GROW resulted in a massive increase in food production. PRODUCE However, these developments in the use of factory farming and drug (5) ... have led to a wide spread TREAT feeling that animals are being caused a lot of distress and that the quality of the food itself suffers as a consequence. Certainly, many people (6) ... with the idea AGREE of keeping animals in one building for their entire (7) ... EXIST and argue that more emphasis should be given to (8) ... ALTERNATE farming methods.

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Word Formation 1. POPULATION. 2 /CONSUMPTION. 3/DEVELOPMENT 4. GROWTH 5. TREATMENTS 6. DISSAGREE 7. EXISTENCE 8. ALTERNATIVE

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Dress Code UK companies have received (0) CRITICISM from CRITIC a business forum for what their report refers to as a rather narrow-minded attitude towards the dress code for office workers. This follows a case in which a male (1) ... working in the post room of a EMPLOY large company in the United Kingdom received a (2) ... for wearing jeans to work. SUSPEND Whilst the report accepts that there is a need for people dealing with (3) ... to look well dressed, CUSTOM it questions whether employees who work behind the scenes necessarily need to dress formally. The authors of the report made a (4) ... Between COMPARE the UK and other European nations where employers seem (5) ... about the need for their CONCERN workers to wear smart clothes in the office. Their (6) ... is based on research that claims ARGUE workers are far more (7) ... when they have the PRODUCT (8) ... to dress in a way that they feel most FREE comfortable in.

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Word Formation 1. EMPLOYEE 2. SUSPENSION 3. CUSTOMERS 4. COMPARISON 5. UNCONCERNED 6. ARGUMENT 7. PRODUCTIVE 8. FREEDOM

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Kitchen Hygiene The next time you go to the supermarket don't forget to buy the (0) BIGGEST bottle of kitchen BIG cleaner you can to (1) ... your work surfaces. INFECT Recent research in America has shown that the kitchen is often the most (2) ... of all the rooms HYGIENE in the home. The (3) ... of food, heat and dampness means the COMBINE kitchen is (4) ... a breeding ground for bacteria that POTENTIAL can cause stomach upsets and vomiting. The study at the University of Arizona examined15 homes over 30 weeks. Levels of (5) ... Were CLEAN certainly not below average yet cutting board sand dishcloths were found to contain bacteria in far greater number than elsewhere in the home. (6) ... say ignorance is the cause of the problem RESEARCH and point out that (7) ... cleaning can lead to ADEQUATE serious food poisoning. The (8) ... ? Make sure you clean all work surfaces SOLVE daily and keep an eye on that dishcloth!

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Word Formation 1.DISINFECT 2. UNHYGIENIC 3. COMBINATION 4. POTENTIALLY 5. CLEANLINESS 6. RESEARCHERS 7. INADEQUATE 8. SOLUTION

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Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 18–26, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. 18 NOT HAVE Our family was quite small, just my Mom, Dad and me. I _____ any brothers or sisters. When I was ten years old, my parents finally decided I could have a dog. 19 DREAM I _____ of having a dog for years, but my parents used to say 20 NOT BE “No, you ______ responsible enough to take care of a dog yet.” 21 I Finally they decided I was ready! So one day, my mother drove ______ to the pound. 22 TAKE That was a special place out of town where lost dogs ______ . 23 JUMP There were dozens of dogs there. They were different in size and color and all of them ______ and barking in their cages. 24 THEY But one of _____ was sitting in a corner, nervously ______ around. 25 KNOW Our eyes met! And I _____ that was the dog for me! 26 NOT FORGET I ______ that day, the day when I got my first dog ever.

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18 - don't have 19 - have been dreaming 20 - aren't 21 - me 22 - were taken 23 - were jumping 24 - them 25 - knew 26 - won't forget

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Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 27–32, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. 27 FOG It happened in 1707. On a _____ October night four English navy ships hit rocks in the Atlantic Ocean and sank. 28 TRAGEDY The ships had been sailing in the thick fog for twelve days when the _____ accident occurred. 29 NAVIGATE The compass went out of order and the commanders and their ______ were lost in the ocean. 30 LOCATE They had no way of knowing their ______ 31 FRANCE They thought they were near the ______ coast. 32 KNOW They were wrong, and their lack of ______ cost thousands of lives.

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27 - foggy 28 - tragic 29 - navigators 30 - location 31 - French 32 - knowledge

Слайд 27

Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 18–26, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. 18 HEAT Glass is a substance made of a combination of sand, limestone, and soda, which _______ to 1500 degrees Celsius. 19 TURN As the mixture cools, it becomes very thick and eventually ______ to a solid substance. 20 HISTORY ______ believe that ancient Egyptians were the the first to invent glass. 21 FIND Recently archeologists ______ 5,000-year-old glass beads 22 BLOW In about 100 B.C., Syrian craftsmen learned how to make hollow pots or vases______ by air into molten glass through a long, narrow iron tube. 23 THEY The Romans used this technique to create beautiful artwork. They also found a way to make glass for windows in _______ houses. 24 USE Today glass ______for things such as windows, light bulbs, kitchenware, and sophisticated scientific equipment. 25 THOUSAND ______ of products, from wine to cosmetics, are packaged in glass containers. 26 IMAGINE Modern life cannot _____ without glass.

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19 - turns 20 - historians 21 - have found 22 - blowing 23 - their 24 - is used 25 - thousands 26 - be imagined

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Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 27–32, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. 27 ARGUE Once there lived a carpenter and a blacksmith. They had a longstanding ______ . 28 SKILL Each of them insisted that he was more ______ than the other. 29 CONCLUDE They argued about this question for a long time without reaching any _______. Each man claimed that his handiwork was much better than the other’s. 30 FINAL ______ they agreed, “Let's go to the king and ask him to be the judge”. 31 TRUE When they came to the king, the two begged “We want Your Majesty to be our judge and tell us whose skill is ______ superior”. 32 WEALTH We don’t know what the king said or did, but when the two returned home, they were both _______ and became best of friends.

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27 - argument 28 - skillful 29 - conclusion 30 - finally 31 - truly 32 - wealthy

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MULTIPLE CHOICE CLOZE Instructions Read the text and then select the correct answer, A, B, C or D. There is an example at the beginning: (0) A situation B place C position D site Environmental Concerns Earth is the only (0) ... we know of in the universe that can support human life. (1) ... human activities are making the planet less fit to live on. As the western world (2) ... on consuming two-thirds of the world's resources while half of the world's population do so (3) ... to stay alive we are rapidly destroying the very resource we have by which all people can survive and prosper. Everywhere fertile soil is (4) ... built on or washed into the sea. Renewable resources are exploited so much that they will never be able to recover completely. We discharge pollutants into the atmosphere without any thought of the consequences. As a (5) ... the planet's ability to support people is being reduced at the very time when rising human numbers and consumption are (6) ... increasingly heavy demands on it. The Earth's natural resources are there for us to use. We need food, water, air, energy, medicines, warmth, shelter and minerals to (7) ... us fed, comfortable, healthy and active. If we are sensible in how we use the resources they will (8) ... indefinitely. But if we use them wastefully and excessively they will soon run out and everyone will suffer.

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Gap 1 Although Still Yet Despite Gap 2 continues repeats carries follows Gap 3 already just for entirely Gap 4 sooner neither either rather Gap 5 development result reaction product Gap 6 doing having taking making Gap 7 hold maintain stay keep Gap 8 last stand go remain

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Gap 1 Although Still Yet Despite Gap 2 continues repeats carries follows Gap 3 already just for entirely Gap 4 sooner neither either rather Gap 5 development result reaction product Gap 6 doing having taking making Gap 7 hold maintain stay keep Gap 8 last stand go remain

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Write the Perfect Crime Novel Most people are born with the natural ability to (0) ... stories, but only a rare few have the determination to become professional authors, and even fewer have the joy of seeing their novels top the (1) ... of bestselling books. Some of the world's famous crime writers have achieved the (2) ... success of all. Who can deny the appeal of famous detectives like Sherlock Holmes, Miss Marple or Hercule Poirot ? Even if you haven't read the (3) ... books you will have seen them in films or on the TV. If you have an ambition to become the next Agatha Christie what should you do? The best starting (4) ... is to read lots of examples of crime fiction written by good authors. You will need a notebook to carry around with you or, even better, some loose (5) ... of paper that you can (6) ... notes on and then file into a folder. After all, the most everyday situation - for example, watching a woman get (7) ... a train - may be the inspiration for your first bestseller. Like any good recipe you have to know the main (8) ... of a successful novel. These are: an original story, strong characters and a memorable setting.

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1 queue list row line 2 largest greatest highest prime 3 first initial early original 4 spot tip point mark 5 strips sheets layers pieces 6 complete do fill make 7 out down off from 8 parts ingredients pieces sections

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1 queue list row line 2 largest greatest highest prime 3 first initial early original 4 spot tip point mark 5 strips sheets layers pieces 6 complete do fill make 7 out down off from 8 parts ingredients pieces sections

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No More Classes The use of computers has meant students can study language programmes (0) ... their own speed when and for how long they want. What's more, in the virtual classrooms of the future the student will (1) ... on their headset, and be transported into an imaginary school, choose their class, take the books they need off the shelf and (2) ... conversations with other computerised students. They might (3) ... choose to pay a visit to the supermarket or the train station, the bank or the restaurant. At the (4) ... of a button they would be transported to (5) ... realistic settings where they could practice their English, maybe getting a hand from a virtual English companion. All this perhaps, at the computer, from the comfort of their home: no (6) ... to catch the bus to college, or a plane to England. Exciting? Certainly, and an interesting alternative to traditional classroom lessons. But would it ever (7) ... the classroom? Hopefully not. Surely the need to relate to real people talking about real issues and generally learning a little more about others will always lead language learners to (8) ... at least a little of their time with real people.

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Gap 1 place put set get Gap 2 take do catch hold Gap 3 although preferably instead contrary Gap 4 force hit depress push Gap 5 so such like alike Gap 6 role duty obligation need Gap 7 replace restore succeed recover Gap 8 spend make have do

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https://www.flo-joe.co.uk/fce/students/tests/mchtst1.htm Gap 1 place put set get Gap 2 take do catch hold Gap 3 although preferably instead contrary Gap 4 force hit depress push Gap 5 so such like alike Gap 6 role duty obligation need Gap 7 replace restore succeed recover Gap 8 spend make have do

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Заполните пропуски must , may , might , can’t и поставьте глаголы в скобочках в правильную форму. 1. They are not answering the phone, so they ( be ) out. (I’m almost certain) 2. They ( move ). I saw them in town this morning. (It’s impossible) 3. I haven’t seen Molly this week. I think she ( visit ) her parents, but I’m not sure. 4. That woman has just fallen over. Let’s go and see her. She ( be ) hurt. 5. I don’t know where she is. She ( play ) tennis. It has been dark for an hour already. 6. Look at Susan. She is with the man I don’t recognize. It ( be ) het brother, because they look alike. 7. It ( rain ). The ground is completely dry. 8. That looks like Jack, but it ( be ) him. He went to live in Australia last year. 9. I have a stomachache this morning. I ( eat ) too much last night. (It’s likely) Or I ( catch ) some virus. (Not very likely but possible) 10. These glasses ( be ) Tim’s. They look a bit like his.

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1- must be 2- can't have moved 3- might be visiting/may be visiting 4- must have been 5- can't be playing 6- may be/must be 7- can't have rained 8- can't be 9- must have eaten might have caught 10- may be/might be

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Заполните пропуски с помощью Must, Have to, Should в правильной форме . Mother to child: You… play with matches. He sees very badly; he… wear glasses all the time. Mother to daughter: You… come in earlier at night. Mr. Pitt…. cook his own meals. His wife is away. You really… them the truth. It will be a good thing to do. Park notice: All dogs… be kept on leads. You… bring an umbrella. I have one for you. Mother to child: You…. tell lies. You…. carry that parcel home yourself; the shop will send it. You…. see this film if you want to, I think it’s OK.

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Mother to child: You mustn’t play with matches. He sees very badly; he has to wear glasses all the time. Mother to daughter: You come in earlier at night. Mr. Pitt has to cook his own meals. His wife is away. You really should tell them the truth. It will be a good thing to do. Park notice: All dogs be kept on leads. You don’t have to bring an umbrella. I have one for you. Mother to child: You mustn’t tell lies. You don’t have to carry that parcel home yourself; the shop will send it. You should see this film if you want to, I think it’s OK.

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Fill in the gaps with will or going to 1. - Where are you off to with that ladder? - I have a look at the roof; it's leaking and I ……think a tile has slipped 2. - We bought our new garage in sections and we ….. assemble it ourselves. - That sounds rather interesting. I …. come and help you if you like. 3. - Why do you want all the furniture out of the room? - Because I ….. shampoo the carpet. It's impossible to do it unless you take everything off it first. 4. - Here are the matches: but what do you want them for? - I …… make a bonfire at the end of the garden; I want to burn that big heap of rubbish. - Well, be careful. If the fire gets too big it….. burn the apple trees. 5. - Have you decided on your colour scheme? - Oh yes, and I've bought the paint. I….. paint this room blue and the sitting room green. 6. - Why are you asking everyone to give you bits of material? - Because I ….. make a patchwork quilt. 7. - I wonder if Ann knows that the time of the meeting has been changed. - Probably not. I …….. look in on my way home and tell her. I'm glad you thought of it. 8. Leave a note for them on the table and they see it when they …….come in. 9. - I'm afraid I'm not quite ready. - Never mind. I……… wait. 10. - Do you have to carry so much stuff on your backs? - Yes, we do. We…… camp out and cook our own meals, so we have carry a lot.

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1. - Where are you off to with that ladder? - I 'm going to/am going to have a look at the roof; it's leaking and I think a tile has slipped 2. - We bought our new garage in sections and we 're going to/are going to assemble it ourselves. - That sounds rather interesting. I will/' ll come and help you if you like. 3. - Why do you want all the furniture out of the room? - Because I 'm going to/am going to shampoo the carpet. It's impossible to do it unless you take everything off it first. 4. - Here are the matches: but what do you want them for? - I 'm going to/am going to make a bonfire at the end of the garden; I want to burn that big heap of rubbish. - Well, be careful. If the fire gets too big it ' ll /will burn the apple trees. 5. - Have you decided on your colour scheme? - Oh yes, and I've bought the paint. I 'm going to/am going to paint this room blue and the sitting room green. 6. - Why are you asking everyone to give you bits of material? - Because I 'm going to/am going to make a patchwork quilt. 7. - I wonder if Ann knows that the time of the meeting has been changed. - Probably not. I ' ll look in on my way home and tell her. I'm glad you thought of it. 8. Leave a note for them on the table and they ' ll /will see it when they come in. 9. - I'm afraid I'm not quite ready. - Never mind. I ' ll /will wait. 10. - Do you have to carry so much stuff on your backs? - Yes, we do. We 're going to/are going to camp out and cook our own meals, so we have carry a lot.

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Put the verbs in brackets into one of the correct forms, using the present continuous where possible 1. - Where …. you ….. for your holidays? - I …… Norway. - What ….. you ….. do there? - I ……. fish 2. - Where ….. you …… this evening? - I …. anywhere. I …. (stay) at home. I ….. write some letters.

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Что такое key word transformations? Задание на перефразирование выглядит примерно так: I regret ever telling her about my plans . WISH I ____________________ her about my plans . Как мы видим, в задании есть три элемента : предложение; слово; предложение с пропуском .

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Наша задача — дописать предложение с пропуском таким образом, чтобы оно не отличалось от первого по смыслу, и чтобы в нём присутствовало данное нам слово (именно оно называется key word ). Для приведенного примера ответ может быть таким: wish I had not told . Мы использовали в ответе данное нам слово WISH и получили предложение, аналогичное исходному по смыслу: I regret ever telling her about my plans . = I wish I had not told her about my plans. В задании всегда обозначено, сколько слов нужно дописать . Например, на FCE это, как правило, 2–5 слов, на CPE — 3–8, на региональном этапе ВОШ в 2017 году указывалось точное количество слов в каждом отдельном предложении. Обязательно внимательно читайте задание! Если слов нужно 2–5, а вы напишете 6, то балл снимут, даже если перифразированное предложение будет правильным. Key word менять нельзя . Например, если написано WISH, нельзя переделывать его на WISHES или WISHED. Если дано NO, нельзя вместо него использовать NOT. Проверяйте, нет ли в вашем ответе лишних слов . Например, в приведенном примере слово her уже присутствует в предложении с пропуском. Если вы укажете в качестве ответа фразу wish I had not told her вместо wish I had not told , вы потеряете балл.

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Какие бывают трансформации? Все трансформации можно условно разделить на два типа: грамматические и лексические . В задания обычно включают и те, и другие. Однако грамматические трансформации проще лексических, поэтому чем выше уровень экзамена или олимпиады, тем больше встречается лексических трансформаций и тем меньше грамматических. Сложность лексических трансформаций объясняется их разнообразием. Они не поддаются классификации, и единственный надежный путь их освоить — расширять словарный запас всеми доступными способами, делая особый акцент на устойчивых словосочетаниях и фразовых глаголах.

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Примеры лексических трансформаций : The manager had the respect of everyone in the office. UP Everyone in the office _______________________ the manager. Ответ : looked up to

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You must do exactly what your manager tells you. CARRY You must _______________________ instructions exactly. Ответ : carry out the manager's

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He really wanted to impress the interviewers. DESPERATE He _______________________ the interviewers a good impression. Ответ : was desperate to give

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I just can't decide where to go on holiday. MIND I just can't _______________________ where to go on holiday. Ответ : make up my mind

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Passive and Active Voice Преобразование из активного залога в пассивный и наоборот . Claire was not allowed to stay out late when she lived at home with her parents. LET Claire's parents _______________________ stay out late when she lived at home.

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Ответ : did not let her

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Conditionals В этой категории очень популярны предложения со словами wish и in case. I wished I'd done more to help. HAVING I regretted _______________________ more to help.

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Ответ: having not done

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Изменение одного времени на другое Часто проверяется умение использовать грамматику со словами no sooner, first time, last и им подобными. Sally hasn't contacted us for over six weeks. HEARD We _______________________ over six weeks ago.

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Ответ: last heard from her

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Modals Модальные глаголы и модальные эквиваленты часто встречаются в трансформациях. Can you do the shopping tomorrow? ABLE Will _______________________ the shopping tomorrow?

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Ответ: you be able to do

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Linking words Излюбленные слова в этой категории — despite, in spite of, although, until. We played tennis despite the cold weather. EVEN We played tennis _______________________ cold.

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Ответ : even though the weather was

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Reported Speech Как правило, требуется превратить прямую речь в письменную. ' I'm sorry I'm late,' he said. APOLOGIZED He _______________________ late.

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Ответ: apologized for being

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So and Such It was such a stale cake that nobody wanted to eat it. SO The cake _______________________ that nobody wanted to eat it.

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Ответ : was so stale

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Rather and Prefer I'd prefer him to be back before 11 o'clock. RATHER I _______________________ back before 11 o'clock.

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Ответ : 'd rather he was

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Comparisons She needs less sleep than I do. MORE I need _______________________ she does.

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Ответ : more sleep than

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Что такое trios ? Trios — одна из разновидностей заданий, проверяющих лексический запас ученика. Суть его в том, что дается три предложения с пропусками и предлагается заполнить эти пропуски, найдя одно универсально подходящее слово .

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He was afraid that his revolutionary proposals would ________ with strong opposition from hardliners. The Chinese factories were operating nonstop churning out shoes to ________ the demand in Europe and the US. With only 200 dollars a month, the family struggled to make ends ________.

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Ответом будет слово MEET . Именно оно подходит ко всем трем пропускам: meet with strong opposition, meet the demand и to make ends meet.

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Основа, на которой строится trios — многозначность английских слов . Одно и то же слово может и иметь разные значения, и быть разными частями речи, не меняя своей формы, и входить в состав устойчивых выражений, переставая переводиться на русский язык привычным образом.

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Разные значения одного и того же слова : My father comes from the old ________ of thought that believed in moral values. When under water, the diver spotted a large ________ of herring swimming northwards. All the children were ecstatic, knowing their ________ holidays were near.

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Ответ: SCHOOL (school of herring — косяк сельди, school holidays — школьные каникулы).

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Слово является разными частями речи , не меняя формы : Holmes immediately spotted two ________ marks on the neck of the victim which he thought might have been left by a snake of some kind. Don't ________ the hand that feeds you. It was me who got you promoted and now, Ron, you're plotting behind my back. Shame on you! 'Fred, can I have some of your apple?' 'Sure. Have a ________ '.

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Ответ: BITE (в первом предложении — существительное в роли прилагательного, во втором — глагол, в третьем — существительное).

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Части устойчивых выражений : In small villages news travels fast. It is spread by word of ________. The refugee camp was built near the ________ of the river to make relief work more efficient. The bad smell that was coming from his ________ put off all the girls in our class.

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Ответ: MOUTH ( by word of mouth — сарафанное радио, mouth of the river — устье реки; эти выражения имеют мало общего с привычным значением слова mouth — «рот»)

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Food Production In the not-too-distant past farm animals were able to live (0) NATURAL lives in what we would now term NATURE ‘ free-range' conditions. Such farming methods however, were not able to supply the rapidly growing (1) ... POPULATE of the world and the increasing demands on food (2) ... In order to cope with this rising demand, factory CONSUME farming methods were introduced along with the (3) ... DEVELOP of genetically engineered (4) ... hormones, which GROW resulted in a massive increase in food production. PRODUCE However, these developments in the use of factory farming and drug (5) ... have led to a wide spread TREAT feeling that animals are being caused a lot of distress and that the quality of the food itself suffers as a consequence. Certainly, many people (6) ... with the idea AGREE of keeping animals in one building for their entire (7) ... EXIST and argue that more emphasis should be given to (8) ... ALTERNATE farming methods.

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Word Formation 1. POPULATION. 2 /CONSUMPTION. 3/DEVELOPMENT 4. GROWTH 5. TREATMENTS 6. DISSAGREE 7. EXISTENCE 8. ALTERNATIVE

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Dress Code UK companies have received (0) CRITICISM from CRITIC a business forum for what their report refers to as a rather narrow-minded attitude towards the dress code for office workers. This follows a case in which a male (1) ... working in the post room of a EMPLOY large company in the United Kingdom received a (2) ... for wearing jeans to work. SUSPEND Whilst the report accepts that there is a need for people dealing with (3) ... to look well dressed, CUSTOM it questions whether employees who work behind the scenes necessarily need to dress formally. The authors of the report made a (4) ... Between COMPARE the UK and other European nations where employers seem (5) ... about the need for their CONCERN workers to wear smart clothes in the office. Their (6) ... is based on research that claims ARGUE workers are far more (7) ... when they have the PRODUCT (8) ... to dress in a way that they feel most FREE comfortable in.

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Word Formation 1. EMPLOYEE 2. SUSPENSION 3. CUSTOMERS 4. COMPARISON 5. UNCONCERNED 6. ARGUMENT 7. PRODUCTIVE 8. FREEDOM

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Kitchen Hygiene The next time you go to the supermarket don't forget to buy the (0) BIGGEST bottle of kitchen BIG cleaner you can to (1) ... your work surfaces. INFECT Recent research in America has shown that the kitchen is often the most (2) ... of all the rooms HYGIENE in the home. The (3) ... of food, heat and dampness means the COMBINE kitchen is (4) ... a breeding ground for bacteria that POTENTIAL can cause stomach upsets and vomiting. The study at the University of Arizona examined15 homes over 30 weeks. Levels of (5) ... Were CLEAN certainly not below average yet cutting board sand dishcloths were found to contain bacteria in far greater number than elsewhere in the home. (6) ... say ignorance is the cause of the problem RESEARCH and point out that (7) ... cleaning can lead to ADEQUATE serious food poisoning. The (8) ... ? Make sure you clean all work surfaces SOLVE daily and keep an eye on that dishcloth!

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Word Formation 1.DISINFECT 2. UNHYGIENIC 3. COMBINATION 4. POTENTIALLY 5. CLEANLINESS 6. RESEARCHERS 7. INADEQUATE 8. SOLUTION

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READING For questions 1- 8, read the text below and decide which answer best fits each gap. The Karakamia reserve is located not far from Perth in Western Australia. Suburban is not usually a word that you ( 1 ) with a wildlife paradise, but Karakamia is actually part of the township of Chidlow . The land was purchased by the Australian government in 1991 with the ( 2 ) of protecting threatened species of indigenous wildlife. That's why there is a nine- kilometre fence around it, designed to ( 3 ) out species introduced by Europe an settlers, ( 4 ) foxes, cats and rabbits. The sanctuary ( 5 ) its name from the Aboriginal word meaning 'home of the redtailed black cockatoos', and at dusk the air is ( 6 ) with the calls of these birds. This is when the sanctuary is at its most magical. A guided walk by spotlight is the perfect way to experience it. Many of the animals are quite tame, which means you can ( 7 ) them at close quarters and get an idea of what Australia was like ( 8 ) to European colonisation . 1 A refer B accompany C regard D associate 2 A proposal B aim C target D plan 3 A catch B send C keep D hold 4 A including B intending C involving D indicating 5 A bears B finds C gains D takes 6 A crowded B filled C completed D packed 7 A observe B notice C realise D glance 8 A advance B former C ahead D prior

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1-D/ associate 2-B/ aim 2-C/ keep 4-A/ including 5-D/ takes 6-B/ filled 7-A/ observe 8-D/ prior

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For questions 9 – 16, read the text below and think of the word wich best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning. In the exam, write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet. Example: 0 NUMBER Spot the gorilla The gorilla experiment is famous in modern psychology. Participants are asked to watch a video of friends playing an informal game of ball and count the (0) ........ of times the ball is passed from one player to (9)… . The entire game and all the players are visible on screen throughout the experiment, and only one camera was used to film it. Halfway through the game, someone wearing a gorilla costume walks into the shot and begins to (10)…. part in the game. The figure' remains on screen for around nine seconds. The strange thing is that the viewers are (11)…. busy counting the number of passes that around half of (12) …. regularly fail to notice the gorilla (13)…. all. (14) …. these people are told about the gorilla, they are amazed to think they could (15) …. missed it. The experiment works every time, but why some people see the gorilla and others don't remains a mystery. Indeed, researchers have never been able to predict which participants (16) …. see the gorilla.

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9- another . 10- take 11-so 12-them 13-at 14-When 15-have 16-will

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For questions 17 – 24, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning. Example: (0) BEGINNINGS Review of The Porsche Book Many of the world's biggest brand names had very humble (0 BEGIN) …. The car manufacturer Porsche is no (17 EXCEPT ) … Whether you are a fan of fast sports cars or not, reading about the (18 GROW) … of a small business into a large internationally renowned company makes for interesting reading. This is the story of the company's rise to fame and covers eight decades and the book includes a wonderful (19 COLLECT)…. of two hundred glossy photographs, including what is (20 SURE)…. one of the most famous cars ever: the shiny Porsche 718 that will be forever associated with the (21 LEGEND) …. actor James Dean, who famously crashed one in 1955. This is a very classy coffee table book that is both (22 ENJOY) …. and informative. It isn't cheap at £85, but if you are a fan of (23 GLAMOUR) …. sports cars, you may well find it (24 POSSIBLE) …. to resist.

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17- exception 18-growth 19-collection 20-surely 21- legendary 22- enjoyable 23- glamorous 24-impossible

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For questions 25-30, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. Example: What type of music do you like best? FAVOURITE What ______________________________ type of music? Example: 0 IS YOUR FAVOURITE 25. John qualified as an instructor three years ago. BEEN John instructor for three years. 26. Although we thought the minibus would be comfortable, we were mistaken. TURN The minibus did as comfortable as we had expected. 27. The tour bus stopped frequently to let people admire the view. THAT The tour bus stopped frequently admire the view. 28. Faye hadn't finished her dinner when Steve called her. STILL Faye when Steve called her. 29. It's getting late, so I ought to go home', said Zoe. BETTER Zoe said it was getting late and that home. 30. Sandra's sister can ski better than she can. SKIER Sandra is as her sister.

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25- has been qualified as an 26-not turn out to be 27- so that people could 28- was still eating/having/finishing her dinner 29-she had better go 30- not such a good skier

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You are going to read an article about a mountain climber. Six sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A-G the one which fits each gap (37 – 42). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use. In the exam, mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. I run up mountains Mountain climbing hasn't developed much in the past fifty years or so, but I want to introduce a new style. I call it ' skyrunning '. It means climbing high mountains as fast as possible and using as little equipment as possible. Skyrunning is the most honest kind of mountaineering. Some years ago, I decided to climb Mount Aconcagua, in the Andes, which usually takes three days. I didn't have that sort of time - so I thought about how it could be done more quickly. In the end, I managed it in four hours and twenty-five minutes. Since then I've climbed several mountains this way, including the 'seven summits', the highest mountains on each continent. ( 37)… When I climbed Mount Everest, the only nutrition I took with me was carbohydrate gels, salted crackers and about three litters of rosehip tea. It took me sixteen hours and forty-two minutes to go up - a new speed record on the northern route. I have also set speed records on Antarctica's Mount Vinson, the Carstensz Pyramid in New Guinea and other summits. Attempts such as these need months of training and preparation, as with any serious sport. To build up strength, I sometimes haul an enormous tractor tyre behind me while running uphill. ( 38)… I I call it 'the beast' because of the aggressive energy I build up during these training sessions. The psychological side of training is as important as the physical. I use foreign languages to affect my mental state and enhance my performance. I shout things out in these, even though I know there's nobody to hear me. I'm Austrian and speak only a few words of the Russian language. ( 39)… I couldn't tell you why that should be the case. Whereas Russian is full of energy and strength, English is a language that calms me and helps me to focus. Two years ago, I was climbing in Nepal and knew that I was in danger from avalanches. I noticed that I kept saying to myself: 'Hey man, take care!' ( 40)… It was as if one part of me had stepped outside myself to make sure I made the right decisions, and that phrase helped. For other people, this might sound ridiculous, but I don't care. In high altitudes, any mistake can be lethal, and I know how it feels to face death. Seventeen years ago, when I was twenty-four, I was climbing with a friend in the Karakoram mountains in Pakistan at about 18,000 feet. ( 41) … It was the sound of an avalanche, which hit us and broke my right thighbone. My friend pulled me out of the snow, but although we had survived, we realised he wouldn't be able to drag me back to the base camp. I said: 'Go, just leave me here.' And he left me behind. I lay alone in the mountains for days. Sometimes I hallucinated, other times I shouted. ( 42) …. I Finally, my friend came back with other climbers and saved me. I thought extreme mountaineering was too risky at first, but slowly my perspective changed. There are so many mountains to climb, but I know my records won't last forever. In ten or twenty years, skyrunning will be established as a sport. I see myself as a pioneer.

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A All kinds of song I’d never thought twice about ran through my mind. B I can drag this for four hours at a time. C I couldn’t stop repeating that. D I managed to get up all of those without any oxygen or tents. E lt’s the one I use when I need to push forward through heavy snow, however. F Suddenly, there was an incredible rumble up above us. G These clearly came as quite shock

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37-d 38-b 39-e 40-c 41-f 42-a

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You are going to read an article about people who gave up their jobs to start their own business. For questions 43 – 52, choose from the people (A – D). The people may be chosen more than once. Which person mentions how good it is being able to make your own decisions? 43 enjoys seeing employees making a success of things? 44 had to solve a technical problem before launching the business? 45 is surprised to have attracted such a wide variety of clients? 46 is happy to have received positive feedback from clients? 47 sometimes feels anxious about financial aspects of the business? 48 took time to decide what type of business to start? 49 was able to draw on experience gained in a similar working situation? 50 was keen to make use of a wide range of existing skills? 51 was keen to work on a more personal level with clients? 52

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Starting your own business We talked to four people who gave up working for somebody else and started their own business A Beautician I had to rethink my future when the multi-national company I worked for as a marketing executive decided to move my job to the USA. My life back then, wearing designer clothes and taking regular long-haul Bights, couldn’t be more different from today. Well, I wanted a job where I’d have the chance to interact with people more, and saw a gap in the market for a beauty salon locally. Working for yourself is great as you can make your own mind up about things and you aren’t driven by someone else about when and how you do that. But the flipside is that there’s nobody to share the burden with when you wake up in the middle of the night worrying about how you’re going to pay the rent. But I have no regrets. B Gym owner After seventeen years working in banking, I wanted to try something totally different. A business that used a combination of my financial, sporting and parenting experience, but which didn’t involve such long exhausting hours at the office appealed to me a great deal. I came across the concept behind The Little Gym by accident when I was surfing the Internet. It’s a novel concept that had gone down really well in the USA. It caters for children from four months to twelve years, giving them good-quality physical instruction and a cerebral work-out at the same time. Having control of my own life is a definite high, as is seeing my staff doing a good job. Every day is different, so it’s never boring. C Caterer I worked for a big international company, but was no longer finding it rewarding. I’d completed twenty years’ service, so I had some money saved up, but not enough to retire on. But I took six months off’ and we went to stay with my wife’s family in Spain. It was a good opportunity to ponder the question: ‘What next?’ That’s when we got the idea for Tapas in a Box. We were in a bar eating the local Spanish food called ‘tapas’ and I thought: ‘This would be perfect for people back home who want to have a great, relaxed time with friends, without spending ages cooking.’ The challenge was then to work out how to deliver the mix of foods all at once, because tapas include things like raw almonds and chilled cheeses as well as the hot things that need heating in an oven. Once we’d cracked that, we were up and running. I can’t stress too much the thrill you feel when a customer tells you they’ve had a great time. The sense of having gone from a new idea to actually delivering something good is very motivating. D Virtual PA I’d been a secretary and personal assistant (PA) for twenty years and had begun to dread the thought that I’d be at the same desk until I retired. When the company announced that its European office was to close, I could’ve taken a drop in salary and found another job locally, but decided to set up my own business instead. I got my idea because, in effect, I’d been a virtual PA all along. My boss was usually only in the office a couple of days a month, so we’d always worked remotely by email and phone calls. I thought I could offer a similar service to other busy people. Now I’ve got all sorts of regular clients, including surveyors, solicitors, an advertising agency and even an author. I never expected such a mix. I can’t wait to see what challenges lie in store for me.

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43-a 44-b 45-c 46-d 47-c 48-a 49-c 50-d 51-b 52-a

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You are going to read an extract from a novel. For questions 31-36, choose the answer (A, B, C or 0) which you think fits best according to the text. Trip to Scotland The four of us, my best friend Ruth, my parents and me, were walking over a piece of damp moorland in Scotland. It was cold, in spite of the spring sunshine, and rather bleak. I have to say, I’d been quite anxious about Ruth when we set out. I wasn’t sure how a New Yorker would react to all this empty scenery. Although she’s lived in London for years, this was the first time she’d ever been to Scotland, which was surprising. It was also the first time she’d been on a trip with my family, which was not so surprising. My parents almost never go away. My family runs a travel agency, so a holiday’s just like work for them – or so they say. Just occasionally, though, something gets them moving. This time it was a small advert in the newspaper. My father saw it in the travel section, which normally he only reads for research purposes. It was a special offer – a long weekend in a farmhouse at a really good price. What was crucial, though, was that it ended with the magic words ‘excellent bird-watching country’. Suddenly, we were in the car heading north for Scotland. ‘I think I’ve just seen a sparrow-harrier,’ said Ruth, ‘but now all I’m getting is sky.’ ‘Binoculars can be very tricky if you’re not used to them,’ said my mother. ‘So can bird names,’ I said. ‘You’ve just invented the sparrow-harrier. It must’ve been either a sparrowhawk or a hen harrier. My father was struggling with one foot deep in a wet patch of mud. He heaved it free; it gave (LINE 18) out a loud squelch. ‘In actual fact,’ he said, ‘it was a buzzard.’ I think Dad likes bird-watching the way some people like fishing. It gives him an excuse to go somewhere lonely and stare into space. To be fair, though, he can get quite animated; when he thought he’d spotted a firecrest up an oak tree, he brought the binoculars up so fast he blacked both his eyes. I remember trying not to laugh. Somehow, though, I hadn’t expected Ruth to find it appealing. Here she was staring at a disappearing dot in the sky and saying, ‘Okay. So can I claim to have seen a buzzard? Even though I didn’t know what it was?’ My father bent down and pointed to a small, boring plant, half-hidden in the grass. ‘What’s that?’ he said. Ruth examined it carefully. ‘I have absolutely no idea,’ she said. ‘Neither have I,’ said my father, ‘but whatever it is, we’ve definitely both seen it.’ ‘I think that was a “yes” to your buzzard question,’ said my mother. We only had one more day away. Then it was back to reality for all of us. Ruth and I are both taking a ‘year out’ between school and college. I have to admit things weren’t turning out exactly as we expected – though bits have been really good. The idea was to work and save, then travel and party. I got a job at once, as an assistant at the agency. I would like to point out, here, that this only sounds like an easy option to people who have never worked for my parents. It’s been hard for Ruth to find jobs though, so she never has much money. It’s a pity because, wherever you want to travel, you have to pay – unless you’re my parents, of course. It was on the walk back to the farm that they began to discuss all the free holidays they’d had over the years. Which I have to say I thought was very tactless of them.

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31 What worried the narrator about the trip before they left? C whether Ruth would appreciate the landscape. B whether her parents would enjoy themselves. A whether Ruth would get on with her parents. D whether low temperatures would spoil their fun

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32 According to the narrator, what had attracted her father to the trip C the chance to practise his hobby. D the opportunities for research. B the relatively low cost it involved. A the place where he saw it advertised

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33 The word 'squelch' in line 18 describes A the noise something made.. B the way something looked.. D a way of talking about something.. c a way of moving something.

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34 The narrator mentions the incident with the firecrest to show D how knowledgeable about birds her father was.. A how unlucky her father tended to be.. C how amusing her father could be at times.. B how keen on bird-watching her father was.

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35 How does the narrator feel about her 'year out' so far? D This holiday is the best part of it to date.. B She is thoroughly disappointed by it.. C It has not been going according to plan.. A Most of it has been enjoyable.

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36 What does the narrator suggest about her job? A It isn't very well paid.. D It's much harder than people imagine.. B It doesn't really interest her.. c It's fun working with her parents.

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31-c 32-c 33-a 34-b 35-c 36-d

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Reading Прочитайте тексты и установите соответствие между текстами и их заголовками: к каждому тексту, обозначенному буквами А–G, подберите соответствующий заголовок, обозначенный цифрами 1–8. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании есть один лишний заголовок. 1. One product — many dishes 2. Simple to prepare 3. Once local — now global 4. Good for everyone 5. More than food 6. Impossible to grow 7. Synonymous to food 8. Differrent table manners

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A. Over the centuries, rice has become a part of the traditions of many cultures. In some societies, it is traditional to throw a handful of rice on newlywed couples, symbolizing the wish for a large family and prosperity. In India, rice is traditionally the first food that bride offers her new husband. It is typical for people to leave offerings of rice in Buddhist temples. In Thailand, the annual Royal Plowing Ceremony has taken place in front of the Grand Palace in Bangkok for seven centuries. B. The basic recipe for cooking rice is easy. First you need to bring 2 cups of water to boil. When the water is boiling, add 1 cup of rice. Cover the pot. As soon as the water boils again, reduce the heat. Let the rice cook for 15 to 20 minutes. The rice is ready when all the water is absorbed. It’s now possible to buy rice cooking machines that cook perfect rice every time, especially in large quantities. This is particularly helpful in Asian cultures, where families often eat rice with every meal. In these countries, rice is also used to make pancakes, sweets and wine — indeed almost anything! C. Rice is the primary source of nutrition for more than half of the world’s population. Countries as different as Japan, India, Nigeria and Mexico use rice in their national cuisine. In Chinese, the word for rice is the same as the word for food. And in Thailand, when you call your family to a meal, you say “eat rice.” So it’s easy to understand why the 2008 global rice shortage was a real crisis for billions of people. In some countries the shortage led to big price increases. Some governments had to control the sale of rice. D. Many people consider rice to be one of the healthiest of possible food choices. It has no sodium or cholesterol, and almost no fat. One half cup of rice has approximately 100 calories, and those calories are rich in important vitamins and minerals, including folic acid, iron and zinc. Many athletes eat rice because as a carbohydrate it is a great source of energy. Rice even has certain chemicals in it that are supposed to improve your mood. Brown rice is the healthiest of all because it is 100% grain. E. Archeologists believe that rice has been grown as a source of food for at least 4000 years. It was first grown in China, and then introduced to India. Over the centuries the practice of growing rice has spread literally across the globe. Today rice is grown in Peru, Egypt, and even the United States, but over 90% of the world’s rice is still grown in Asian countries. Rice is best grown in wet, sub-tropical climates, and in many countries it is still cultivated using intensive human and animal labor. For this reason, large families are still typical, and the water buffalo is a valued possession. F. One of the amazing things about rice is how adaptable it is. It is an essential ingredient in cuisines all around the world — cuisines as different as Japanese, Mexican, and West African. The Japanese combine sticky rice with raw fish to create numerous varieties of sushi. Mexican rice, flavored with cumin and tomatoes, is a colorful side dish. Every country in West Africa has its own version of a regional rice dish called jollof , often served with fried plantain, a kind of banana. G. All around the world people eat rice in different ways. In India it is traditional to eat rice with your right hand. You just mix the rice with a little curry, roll it into a ball, and pop it into your mouth. In China it’s common to use chopsticks (or kuaizi ). People in Korea, Thailand and Vietnam eat their rice with a spoon. And in European countries and in the United States rice is eaten with a fork.

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1. One product — many dishes - 5 2. Simple to prepare -2 3. Once local — now global -7 4. Good for everyone- 4 5. More than food- 3 6. Impossible to grow - 7. Synonymous to food -1 8. Differrent table manners-8

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A - 5 "Over the centuries, rice has become a part of the traditions of many cultures" B - 2 "The basic recipe for cooking rice is easy. " C - 7 " In Chinese, the word for rice is the same as the word for food. And in Thailand, when you call your family to a meal, you say “eat rice.” D - 4 "Many people consider rice to be one of the healthiest of possible food choices. " E - 3 "Over the centuries the practice of growing rice has spread literally across the globe." F - 1 " It is an essential ingredient in cuisines all around the world — cuisines as different as Japanese, Mexican, and West African. " G - 8 " All around the world people eat rice in different ways. "