Лингвострановедение. Хронологическая таблица "Как возникла Великобритания и как она развивалась".
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Period

Date

Facts

Prehistoric Britain

500,000 BC

People migrate to Britain from Europe.

6500 BC

The land bridge joining Britain to Europe is flooded as the sea level rises. Britain becomes an Island.

3000 BC

New Stone Age begins: farming people arrive from Europe.

2100 BC

People learn to make bronze weapons and tools

2000 BC

Stonehenge completed

1650 BC

Trade routes begin to form

1200 BC

Small Villages are first formed

750 BC

Iron Age begins: iron replaces bronze as most useful metal.

500 BC

The Celtic people arrive from Central Europe.
The Celts were farmers and lived in small village groups in the centre of their arable fields. They were also warlike people. The Celts fought against the people of Britain and other Celtic tribes.

Roman Britain

55 BC

Julius Caesar heads first Roman Invasion but later withdraws

44 BC

Julius Caesar is murdered in Rome

43 AD

Romans invade and Britain becomes part of the Roman Empire

50 AD

London is founded

70 AD

Romans conquer Wales and the North

122 – 128 AD

Emperor Hadrian builds a wall on the Scottish Border

140 AD

Romans conquer  Scotland

306 AD

Constantine the Great declared Emperor at York

350 AD

The Picts and Scots attack the border

401 – 410 AD

The Romans withdraw from Britain: Anglo Saxons migrants begin to Settle

Anglo-Saxon Britain

450 - 750

Invasion of the Jutes from Jutland, Angles from South of Denmark and Saxons from Germany.
Britain is divided up into the Seven Kingdoms of Northumbria, Mercia, Wessex, Essex, Sussex and Kent.

450

Saxons Hengist and Horsa settle in Kent.

460

St Patrick returns to convert Ireland

510

The Battle of Mount Badon: British victory over the Saxons

597

St Augustine brings Christianity to Britain from Rome and becomes Archbishop of Canterbury

617

Northumbria becomes the Supreme Kingdom

779

Mercia becomes the Supreme Kingdom and King Offa builds a Dyke along the Welsh Border

Viking Britain

793

First invasion by the Vikings

821

Wessex becomes the Supreme Kingdom

866 - 877

Invasion of the Great Danish (Viking) Army.

867

The Vikings take Northumbria

871

King Alfred defeats the Vikings but allows them to settle in Eastern England

886

The North subjected to the Danelaw, the rules of the Vikings

889

The Anglo Saxon Chronicle starts

926

Eastern England (Danelaw) is conquered by the Saxons

1016

King Canute of Denmark captures the English Crown

1042

Edward the Confessor becomes King

1055

Westminster Abbey is completed

Medieval Britain (Normans)

1066

The Battle of Stamford Bridge:
Saxon victory over invading Vikings

The Battle of Hastings: The invading Normans defeat the Saxons
William of Normandy defeats Harold with a lucky shot and becomes King of England - Norman Conquest

1070

Work starts on Canterbury Cathedral

1078

Work starts on The Tower of London

1080 - 1100

Great monastery and cathedral building begins

1086

The Domesday Book is compiled, a complete inventory of Britain

1167

Oxford University Founded

1170

Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas a Becket is murdered by the knights of Henry II

1215

Civil War

1282 - 1283

King Edward conquers Wales. Llewellyn ab Gruffydd, the country's last prince is killed

1296

King Edward invades Scotland and takes the Stone of Destiny from Scone to Westminster

1297

The Battle of Stirling Bridge
The Scots under William Wallace defeat the English

1314

Scots led by Robert the Bruce defeat the English at the battle of Bannockburn

1321 - 1322

Civil War

1337

King Edward claims the Throne of France

1337 - 1453

Hundred Years' War with France

1348 - 1349

The Black Death (bubonic plague) arrived in England and killed nearly half of the population

1455

Civil War: The War of the Roses starts

Tudor Britain

1485

The War of the Roses ends at the Battle of Bosworth. Henry Vll crowned king.

1509 - 1547

Henry Vlll succeeds to the throne

1534

Henry VIII forms the 'Church of England'. Henry is confirmed as 'Supreme Head of the Church of England 'following a parliamentary Act of Supremacy

1536

Act of Union joins England and Wales

1542

Mary, Queen of Scots lays claim to the English throne

1558

Elizabeth I begins her 45 year reign

1587

Queen Elizabeth I executes Mary, Queen of Scots

1588

The English defeat the Spanish Armada

1591

First performance of a play by William Shakespeare

Stuart Britain

1603

James VI of Scotland becomes James I of England uniting the two kingdoms

1606

The Union Flag adopted as the National Flag

1624 - 1630

War with Spain

1626 - 1629

War with France

1629

Parliament dissolved by King Charles

1642 - 1651

Civil War

1649

King Charles executed

1649 - 1650

Cromwell's conquest of Ireland

1650 - 1652

Cromwell's conquest of Scotland

1653

Cromwell proclaimed Lord Protector

1660

Restoration of the Monarchy under King Charles II

1666

Great Fire of London

1707

Act of Union between Scotland and England. The Scottish parliament was dissolved and England and Scotland became one country.

Georgian Britain

1714

George of Hanover, Germany succeeds Queen Anne to the Throne

1776

America declares independence from Britain

Industrial Revolution Begins

1788

First convict ships are sent to Australia

Act of Union with Ireland

1805

Lord Nelson defeats Napoleon at the Battle of Trafalgar

1815

Duke of Wellington defeats Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo

1825

World's first railway opens between Stockton and Darlington

Victorian Britain

1837

Queen Victoria becomes Queen at the age of 18

1854

Crimean War

1856

Britain defeats Russia in the Crimean War

1863

London Underground opens
The foundation of the Football Association

1870

Education Act means school for everyone

1871

Queen Victoria opens the Albert Hall

1876

Alexander Bell invented the telephone
Primary education was made compulsory

1883

First electric railway

1891

Free education for every child

Modern Britain

1902

Britain defeats Dutch settlers in Boer War in South Africa

1914 - 1918

First World War
Compulsory military service and food rationing introduced

1920

Republic of Ireland gains independence

1939 - 1945

The Second World War

1952

Elizabeth II becomes Queen

1953

Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II

1973

Britain joins the European Community

1979

Margaret Thatcher becomes Britain's first woman prime minister

1982

Falklands War

1991

Gulf War

1994

Channel Tunnel links Britain back to the European continent

1999

Welsh national assembly and Scottish parliament

2003

The Second Gulf War