Подготовка к ОГЭ. ПЧ ,задание 12.
материал для подготовки к егэ (гиа) по английскому языку (9 класс)

Новые тексты ФИПИ посвященные России (задание 12). Открытый банк заданий ОГЭ 2024-2025.

1. Vladivostok

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1. Why was Vladivostok called so?
2. Who founded the city of Vladivostok?
3. Why has the city quickly become important?
4. What is the climate of the city area?
5. How is it possible to travel to the city?
6. What are the city sights one should visit?
7. What makes Vladivostok buildings unique?

A. Vladivostok is located at the same latitude as Russian subtropical sea resort Sochi, but its average annual temperature is nearly 10 degrees lower because of the Siberian Anticyclone. It brings cold winds from Yakutia for much of the winter season. Thus, the winter in Vladivostok is typical of Manchuria – it is cold, clear, and very windy. The snow is rare and, in some years, may not fall at all. The summer is more comfortable, warm, wet, and partly cloudy.

B. The first thing that will catch the eye of every tourist right from the platform of the railway station is a unique building of the terminal of the Trans-Siberian Railway. It was built more than a century ago. The sea terminal, located nearby, is also a must-see while going on a tour of Vladivostok. Like other port cities, Vladivostok celebrates the Russian fleet with a number of museums. No doubt, the legendary S-56 submarine which played a great role in the Great Patriotic War is worth visiting.

C. The most important city in the Russian Far East, Vladivostok is known as the town of sailors. It was founded about 160 years ago as a small military port. Despite being one of the youngest Russian cities, Vladivostok managed to find its way to the list of the best Russian cities to visit. Its name came from the combination of two words, vladet (meaning “to own”) and vostok (meaning “east”), helping anyone who wants to find Vladivostok on a map.

D. The Trans-Siberian Railway was built to connect Asian and European Russia. The final stop on the way, or the first if passengers are travelling west, is in Vladivostok. The city’s strategic location and port led to the fact that Vladivostok has eventually become a large and busy centre in North-East Asia. After its foundation in 1860 as a military post, Vladivostok soon became the centre of international commerce and development.

E. Despite the fact that Vladivostok has always been a Russian city, elements of the Chinese and Japanese architecture borrowed from the city’s nearest neighbours can be seen even during a simple walk down the city streets. At the same time, the architecture of Vladivostok leaves no doubt that this is a Russian city. So, this unique place combines a lot of different features.

F. As a rule, people prefer to spend a couple of days exploring Vladivostok within their long tour to the Far East, instead of considering the city as an independent holiday destination. They may fly to Vladivostok or go by rail choosing the famous Trans-Siberian express which is very popular with tourists. The Trans-Siberian Railway is the longest railway route in the world. So, going by train to Vladivostok can easily become a journey of a lifetime.

2.  Veliky Novgorod

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1. What made Veliky Novgorod one of the main cities of the past?
2. What is known about the ancient history of Veliky Novgorod?
3. Who founded the old city of Veliky Novgorod?
4. What makes Veliky Novgorod a popular tourist destination?
5. What are the most interesting sights to visit in Veliky Novgorod?
6. How is it possible to get to Veliky Novgorod?
7. What souvenirs can be brought from the city?

A. Veliky Novgorod is a nice city, perfectly located not far from Saint Petersburg and Moscow. Being one of the oldest cities in Russia, it attracts hundreds of visitors. Veliky Novgorod is often called an openair museum of the ancient Rus. Many outstanding monuments of medieval architecture situated not only in the city centre but also in some outlying areas have been preserved. In 1992 Veliky Novgorod was given the status of the World Heritage Site of UNESCO.

B. Veliky Novgorod was founded in the 9-10 centuries. Being the best-fortified city of the ancient Rus, it has seen a lot of great events during its 11-century history. Novgorod was a political centre of large territories stretching up from Baltic lands to the Urals. For a long time, Novgorod was the largest centre of culture in Russia, where old chronicles and books were created. Moreover, the city stood on the famous trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks.

C. Veliky Novgorod was first mentioned in the year 862 in the famous historic document “The Tale of Bygone Years”. The Russian primary chronicle gives a detailed account of the early history of the eastern Slavs. It tells the story of Rurik, the Viking chieftain, who was invited to the city as a new leader. It was an important event in the history of the country as Rurik became the founder of the whole dynasty of the ancient Rus, staying in power up to the 17th century.

D. Many great monuments of medieval architecture and painting have been well kept in the city. The Novgorod Kremlin dates back to the 11th century. The Kremlin territory houses one of the most beautiful Orthodox churches, St. Sophia Cathedral, as well as the regional library and the Philharmonic building. The open-air Vitoslavlitsy museum of wooden architecture presents some excellent examples of wooden structures from different parts of the city.

E. Novgorod craftsmen have always been famous for their birchbark crafts. Tourists can find various cute items to bring back home. They are jewellery boxes, hairpins and hairbands, plates and cups. For fun, one can also buy bast shoes – traditional footwear of Russian peasants also made of birchbark. Along with birchbark items, one will always find wooden carved figures in shops. They will become a perfect gift or a home decoration for oneself.

F. The most convenient way of travelling to Veliky Novgorod is to go by train. The fastest route is now offered by the Lastochka train departing from Saint Petersburg twice a day. Travel time is less than 3 hours, which is much faster than travelling by train from Moscow, which will take the whole night. Bus trips are available as well. Getting to Veliky Novgorod by car is also quite a fast and convenient way for those who choose privacy and comfort.

3.   Altai

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1. What is the history of the Altai region?
2. What is special about the geography of Altai?
3. What places of interest are the best to visit in Altai?
4. Why is Altai popular with visitors of all ages and interests?
5. What activities does the region offer for nature lovers?
6. What time is the best for travelling to Altai?
7. How is it possible to travel in the Altai region?

A. The Altai region is all about nature. The natural beauty of Altai attracts crowds of tourists as there is hardly a similar place in Russia where pure lakes, comfortable climatic conditions, great scenery, and the variety of animals and plants are gathered in one place. The region has one of the richest varieties of touristic purposes. Families with children, active tourists, people searching for a quiet atmosphere – everyone will find an activity to their liking.

B. The Altai Mountains are located in the very heart of Russia. They are near the Russian border with Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and China. They are often called “Russian Tibet,” “Siberian Switzerland,” and even “New Zealand” thanks to their beauty and strength. The highest point of the Altai Mountains, and of the Siberian Region as well, is Belukha Mountain. It is 4,509 metres high and is completely covered with snow, from its peak to its bottom.

C. The best way to get to the Altai region is by plane. There are direct flights from Moscow to the most well-known Altai cities Barnaul and Gorno-Altaysk. Then, travellers might go by train, by car, or by bus to any resort and place they like. Car transfers are often included in many touristic programmes to make them available for most tourists. But there are hiking routes that ask for a lot of walking to get to one’s destination.

D. The Altai Mountains are really very old. However, the first mention of the region dates back to the 17th century. It was the time when the Cossacks from the nearby city of Kuznetsk, which later became a part of Novokuznetsk, arrived at Lake Teletskoye. Later, when the Biyskaya fortress, which is now the city of Biysk, was built, the fast development of the Altai territory, and more of its northwestern part, began.

 E. Decisions on when to go to Altai should be made depending on what one wants to do there. The Altai’s climate is known to be quite harsh. This region is famous for long frosty winters, and hot but short summers. The peak tourist season generally reaches its height during the summer. There is a wide range of summer activities, from climbing and rafting to sailing and fishing. The winter season is the perfect option for skating and mountain skiing.

F. A visit to Altai can become a breath of fresh air for those living in large cities. Many people come to the region for a passive relaxation, such as spa. They come to places of natural beauty just to admire, for example maralnik, which is a kind of rhododendron, producing flowers in spring. These are typical things to do for ecotourists. They are often attracted by collecting healing herbs, riding a horse, and participating in local festivals.

4. Yekaterinburg

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1.What is the history of Yekaterinburg?
2.What are the main facts about the city today?
3.What sights make the city attractive for tourists?
4.What sights in the city are popular with sports fans?
5.What place in the city is historically connected with the last royal family?
6.How is it possible to get to Yekaterinburg?
7.What are the weather conditions in Yekaterinburg?

A. Yekaterinburg is located at the crossroads of two continents – Europe and Asia. It is the capital of the Sverdlovsk region and the administrative centre of the Ural district. Yekaterinburg covers the area of more than 400,00 square kilometres. It is the fourth largest city in Russia with a population of over 1.5 million people. Yekaterinburg is often called the third capital of Russia, as it is ranked third by the size of its economy, transportation, and tourism.

B. Yekaterinburg is far away from the Atlantic and close to Siberia. So the climate there is continental. The Ural Mountains block air from the west, from the European part of Russia. As a result, the Central Urals are open to cold arctic air. The winters are cold and long, and the summers are quite warm in Yekaterinburg. The coldest month is January, when the average temperature reaches -16°C. The warmest month is July with the average temperature of 18°C.

 C. Yekaterinburg was founded in 1723 under Peter the Great as the largest metallurgical plant in Russia of those times. It was named after Empress Catherine I, the wife of Peter the Great. Yekaterinburg became a key city in Siberia which has rich resources. It served as an important connection between Europe and Asia. For three centuries, Yekaterinburg has been steadily developing as a centre of the mining industry of the Urals and Siberia.

D. Nowadays, Yekaterinburg is not only one of the biggest industrial centres in Russia but a very beautiful city. It has a lot of monuments of historical and cultural value. Dozens of museums, several theatres, many modern cinemas, stadiums, and colleges make Yekaterinburg a unique city where the past and the present live side by side. There are a lot of interesting places to visit, such as the Cathedral on the Blood, Opera House, and Europe-Asia border obelisk.

E. The Cathedral on the Blood is an important place for Russian people and a historic site located in Yekaterinburg. It stands on the spot of the former Ipatiev House where the members of the Romanov Tsar family were killed in July 1918. The Cathedral was built in 2003. And soon it became one of the main city sights. It attracts thousands of pilgrims from Russia and worldwide. In front of the church, there is a monument to the Romanov family.

 F. Resting in the Ural region, Yekaterinburg is a great city where East meets West. It is a major transport hub in Siberia. It is at the centre of a multi-modal transport network with road, rail and air communications connecting the city with the rest of the country and other countries. Yekaterinburg airport is the principal gateway to the city, the Urals and Siberia at large. The airport serves a wide range of domestic and international lines handling over 7 million passengers per year.

5. Sochi

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1. What is known about the early years of Sochi?
2. Why is Sochi an attractive place for year-round tourism?
3.What makes Sochi a good place to improve health?
4.What are the most popular natural attractions in Sochi?
5.Where is it better to stay in Sochi to improve health?
6.What sports and cultural events have been held in Sochi?
7.What conditions are created in the city for sports?

A. Sochi is Russia’s subtropical resort city that stretches along the beautiful coast of the Black Sea. With a permanent population of about 500,000 people, it holds the record of the largest resort city in Russia. Its numerous beaches make the city popular in summer. Skiing in the nearby mountains makes it an ideal place for winter holidays too. The city is set in the Krasnodar Krai, which stretches 145 km along the Black Sea, making it the second longest city after Mexico City.

B. The resort city of Sochi has a long history that dates back to Ancient Greek and Roman times. The first Russian settlement on the site was called Fort Alexander. It was founded in 1838 at the Sochi River’s mouth. In fact, Sochi is a relatively new name for the city, as the Russian settlement was first called so only in 1896. The name could be a variation of the term “sshatche” which was used by the local people to mean “place by the sea.”

C. From the very beginning, Sochi has served as a resort area. The discovery of the natural mineral springs there contributed greatly to its fast development as the most popular health resort in Russia. The local mineral springs have a healing effect. A legend says that a local girl bravely wandered into the underworld and brought back its healing waters to the surface as a gift from the spirits below. What is more, the air quality in Sochi is excellent.

D. Sochi is proud of its Caucasian State Nature Biosphere Reserve. It includes a lot of beautiful natural sights. The Agura and Orekhovskaya waterfalls are perhaps the most well-known places to visit. Sochi has a wonderful collection of parks, including a botanical garden with rare and exotic types of tropical and subtropical plants. There you can see amazing rhododendrons, evergreen magnolias with beautiful fragrant flowers, junipers, acacias and massive plane trees.

E. In addition to being famous as a resort city, Sochi is known for its sports facilities. For example, its tennis schools have trained many of the world-famous athletes. With so much local attention to health and exercise, Sochi was the obvious choice to host the 2014 Winter Olympic Games. The recently constructed Coastal Cluster and the Mountain Cluster in Krasnaya Polyana are still widely used for indoor ice events and for downhill and skiing sports.

F. Sochi has long been enjoying the status of the most popular and fashionable spot in Russia. The Russian Formula 1 Grand Prix was held there for a number of years. In addition, Sochi was one of the host cities for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. New Wave, an international contest for young performers of popular music, moved to Sochi in 2015 and has been regularly held there since that time. The largest and brightest summer and winter resort of Russia offers its visitors all kinds of events.

6. Karelia

Вы проводите информационный поиск в ходе выполнения проектной работы. Определите, в каком из текстов A–F содержатся ответы на интересующие Вас вопросы 1–7. Один из вопросов останется без ответа. Занесите Ваши ответы в таблицу.

1.Where is the Republic of Karelia situated?
2.What is the capital city of Karelia famous for?
3.What are the main events in the history of the region?
4.What is the season to go to Karelia?
5.What natural sights of Karelia are worth visiting?
6.Why is the island of Kizhi in Karelia so popular?
7.What place in Karelia is perfect for an active day off?

A.Sincerely loved by Russians, Karelia shines differently with every new season. It is a perfect all-yearround destination for holidays. In summer this is a top place in the European part of the country for enjoying outdoor activities like fishing, kayaking, hiking, and much more! And during wintertime, many travellers on their way to the northern city of Murmansk make a stop in Karelia for a few days to admire the amazing local nature.

B.The Republic of Karelia is the treasure of Russia that is just waiting to be discovered. Surrounded by a thick forest, Karelia is located in the north-west of Russia close to Finland. Karelia can be easily reached from Moscow or St. Petersburg by train or car. So, if a tourist does not want to travel too far, the Republic of Karelia is a great holiday destination to choose. The region offers a unique chance to see the beautiful nature of Russia.

C.About a third of Karelia’s territory is occupied with amazing lakes. That is why Karelia is sometimes called “the country of lakes.” One of the two largest lakes, Lake Onega, is especially famous for its wonderful island of Kizhi. Moreover, one of the highest waterfalls in Europe, the beautiful Kivach waterfall, is also located in this “country of lakes.” This fantastic waterfall is situated on the Suna River, and it is 11 metres high.

D.During the Karelian journey, one should visit the Island of Kizhi to explore traditional Russian wooden architecture, ethnographic museums, and centuries-old history. This open-air museum is an important part of many cruises as it has some of the best examples of wooden architecture. The island is home to the oldest wooden church in the country, dating back to the 14th century. Kizhi churches have been kept in their original form and were built without nails.

E.The heart of the region is the city of Petrozavodsk. Set on the shores of Lake Onega, the Karelian main city was founded in 1703 by Peter the Great and played an important role in the military history of Russia. Some of its most popular attractions include the Round Square, the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, the statue of Peter the Great, and the National Museum of the Republic of Karelia, where one can learn about the history of this region.

F.Ruskeala Mountain Park is a modern and comfortable place with such facilities as parking, cafs, and playgrounds for children. One can follow hiking trails, take pictures of nature from the viewpoints, learn the history of marble mining in this area, ride a zip-line and take an underground trip. But the centre of Ruskeala is its famous marble canyon. It is a former quarry flooded by water where marble was dug for use as building material flooded by water.

7. Moscow

Вы проводите информационный поиск в ходе выполнения проектной работы. Определите, в каком из текстов A–F содержатся ответы на интересующие Вас вопросы 1–7. Один из вопросов останется без ответа. Занесите Ваши ответы в таблицу.

1.What makes Moscow very popular among tourists?
2.What is the best season for tourists to visit Moscow?
3.What are good and bad things about the city transport?
4.What is special about the Moscow underground?
5.What theatres should be visited in Moscow?
6.What is Moscow’s most famous shopping mall?
7.What are the presents to be brought from Moscow?

A. The peak of the Moscow travel season is May through September. However, tourists may prefer to travel to Moscow during the low travel season. The snowy winter months offer just as many entertainment options as one can find during summer. Tourists can celebrate New Year’s Eve or see Russia’s biggest ice rink on Red Square, or visit one of the local winter markets. Any Moscow tour has plenty of memorable experiences the whole year round.

B. As one of the largest cities in the world, Moscow comes with its share of traffic problems. It seems that all of the world’s most expensive black cars are here, and there are a lot of traffic jams. Still, while the traffic situation leaves much to be desired, the Moscow underground is superb. The advanced Metro system carries up to 9 million passengers a day on weekdays, and its trains run every few minutes. It is a convenient way of travelling around.

C. When people travel to Moscow, they want to see the red-bricked walls of the Kremlin, take a picture in front of St. Basil’s Cathedral, and visit the world-famous Bolshoi Theatre. All of these places are located within a very small area around Red Square. So seeing them on a walking sightseeing tour of Moscow is convenient and allows visitors to avoid traffic jams. The concentration of Moscow main sights makes this city a world-class tourist destination.

D.  Set in the heart of Moscow the State Department Store known as GUM produces a great impression on visitors. It was built between 1890 and 1893 to replace the old trading rows of 1825. The building stretches along Red Square’s eastern side. The entire structure is a beautiful testament to Russian architecture with its mix of medieval and modern features. The glass roof allows natural light to flood into this three-story palace.

E. The Moscow Metro has been a much-needed mass transit project. But it is not just a series of trains and tunnels. The Moscow Metro is like a whole underground city that holds the world’s largest collection of Soviet Art. The first stations were opened on May 15, 1935. They were described as one of the greatest architectural projects of that time. The original 13 stations, along with many others that were built later, feature unique works of art.

F. The most exciting part of any journey is the memories people create while discovering new places. And souvenirs are among the most popular options to save the happiest moments not only in one’s heart but in the form of something more material. Apart from classic T-shirts and fridge magnets with local attractions, many other things can bring to mind the best moments of Moscow trip. The gifts range from Matryoshka dolls to the Tretyakov Gallery photo album.

8. Scarlet Sails Festival

Вы проводите информационный поиск в ходе выполнения проектной работы. Определите, в каком из текстов A–F содержатся ответы на интересующие Вас вопросы 1–7. Один из вопросов останется без ответа. Занесите Ваши ответы в таблицу.

1.What does the Scarlet Sails Festival symbolise?
2.When and where does the festival take place?
3.What is the story behind the festival?
4.When did the tradition of the Scarlet Sails start?
5.Who suggested the idea of this festival?
6.What does the modern festival programme include?
7.How was the festival received in the world?

 A. Every summer Saint Petersburg turns into a sleepless city during the famous White Nights. The Scarlet Sails Festival is one of the most spectacular events of the time period. Inspired by a well-known story by Alexander Grin, this colourful show of fireworks, music, and water performances attracts a lot of tourists each year. The festival is always held at the end of June because it is organised in honour of school graduates.

B.The Scarlet Sails Festival is inspired by the romantic book written by Alexander Grin a century ago. This beautiful fairy tale, published in 1923, takes place in a fictional land where a sailor named Longren made toys as he cared for his young daughter, Assol. One day the old man predicted that a prince would come for her on a ship with scarlet sails. She believed him. Much later, a ship captain learnt of the prediction and took the young dreamer away on such a ship.

C.For today’s young people, the festival signals that school days are over. The ship with its colourful scarlet sails serves as an image of a person’s journey towards their dreams and as such fits perfectly with those about to start a new chapter in their lives. So after the stress of study and exams, it is time to have fun, listen to music and let off some fireworks as the party spills out onto the streets of Russia’s former capital. Lots of tourists come to the city to see it all.

D.In 2019, the Scarlet Sails won the main prize in the Best Event World Awards in the Most Significant Event of the Year nomination. In 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the popular festival was held online. It was shown on many TV channels and on social networks. Despite its online format, the 2020 celebration went down in history as the most beautiful. The Scarlet Sails Festival was included in the register of world event tourism.

E.On the 27th of June, 1968, Leningrad schoolchildren saw a ship with scarlet sails on the Neva River for the first time, which later became the symbol of the festival. The tradition was interrupted in 1979. It was brought back to life only 25 years later. Since then, every year a special programme of the festival has been prepared with popular music bands performances and bright firework shows held over the water area of the Neva River.

 F.The today’s festival comes fairly close to the original festival. After a concert and theatrical performance held in Palace Square and on Vasilyevsky Island, the parade of boats along the Neva River waterfront takes place in front of the Winter Palace. Fireworks go off to classical music by famous Russian composers. Over the years, several brigs served as the dream ship with scarlet sails for the parade. Since 2019 it has been the brig “Russia”.

9. Murmansk

Вы проводите информационный поиск в ходе выполнения проектной работы. Определите, в каком из текстов A–F содержатся ответы на интересующие Вас вопросы 1–7. Один из вопросов останется без ответа. Занесите Ваши ответы в таблицу.

1.When did the history of Murmansk start?
2.Why was the city of Murmansk called so?
3.Were there any dramatic events in the city’s history?
4.What is modern Murmansk like?
5.What is the climate of the city area?
6.How can tourists travel to Murmansk?
7.What attractions of the area are worth seeing?

A. Murmansk is the largest town in the world located above the Arctic Circle. It is one of the unique spots on the planet. Despite being close to the Arctic Circle, Murmansk has a relatively mild climate. Murmansk’s average temperature in January is a comfortable -12.6°C, while July has the average temperature of 14.2°C. The reason for this is the Barents Sea with its warm North Atlantic Current, bringing tropical water into the northern region.

B. The city of Murmansk has got its name due to the cold Barents Sea. Originally, the citizens of Norway were called “murmans” in Russia. As time passed, the whole southern coast of the Barents Sea, located next to Norway, was known as “the Murman Coast.” And that is exactly the place where one should look for the city of Murmansk on a map. So, the name “Murmansk” simply means “the city that was built on Murman.”

C. Murmansk is one of the most fascinating Russian cities. Although it seems beyond belief, it was founded just over a century ago. It all started with a small settlement of fishermen that appeared on the coast of the Barents Sea in 1915. However, officially the story of the city began only a year later, in 1916, when the foundation stone of the settlement’s first church was laid. Murmansk became the last city founded in the large Russian Empire.

D. During WWII, the city was seriously damaged. The German army planned to take control of Murmansk in 2 days, but this plan of action was ruined. During the war, 185 000 bombs were dropped on Murmansk, but the city has never surrendered. In November of 1945, only one-fifth of the buildings were still standing. The city was reconstructed to its pre-war state in less than 10 years. And in the 1950s a new chapter of Murmansk’s history began.

E. Murmansk serves as the main “northern gateway” of Russia. The city is the largest seaport, which is free of ice throughout the year, and it is the most important base of the fishing industry in Russia. Shipbuilding and repairing of large boats or ships are the main Murmansk industries. The city is also an important scientific and cultural hub of the region. Murmansk is getting more and more popular as the city of international tourism.

 F. Murmansk is a great travel destination for anyone who likes adventures or thinks that Russia has no more surprises up its sleeve. It is among the best locations to hunt for the Northern Lights. The city suburbs will make you fall in love with northern nature. There are excursions to the giant ships, as well as cruises across the northern seas. Tourists can enjoy such amazing winter activities as dog and reindeer sledding, or explore the fairy-tale Snow Village.

10. The Golden Ring of Russia

Вы проводите информационный поиск в ходе выполнения проектной работы. Определите, в каком из текстов A–F содержатся ответы на интересующие Вас вопросы 1–7. Один из вопросов останется без ответа. Занесите Ваши ответы в таблицу.

1. What cities are included in the Golden Ring of Russia?
2. What is special about the Golden Ring cities?
3. How is it possible to visit the cities of the Golden Ring?
4. When is it better to travel to the Golden Ring cities?
5. What are the accommodation options for tourists?
6. What cities of the Golden Ring should be visited first?
7. Who is the Golden Ring tour for?

 A. The Golden Ring of Russia is an unusual and interesting route, featuring the medieval cities of Russia with a great number of churches and monasteries. The cities of the Golden Ring escaped most of the industrial progress. Some local communities there still live in a traditional way of life of the countryside. The most valuable thing about the Golden Ring is that its cities keep the original buildings of old times, and many of them have remained almost the same as they were in the past.

B. The Golden Ring tour is a perfect experience for those who have visited the two capitals many times and are looking for more relaxing and quiet experiences now. The Russian countryside is a place to go if a person wants a journey outside the noise of big cities. The Golden Ring will be a real pleasure for those who are into history, as they will learn a lot about it. This interesting journey is also a wonderful chance to try traditional Russian food.

C. The Golden Ring is a real attraction for tourists who want to feel the true Russian spirit. This famous touristic route consists of nine ancient Russian cities. The cities that are traditionally listed in the Golden Ring are Sergiev Posad, Pereslavl-Zalesskiy, Rostov the Great, Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Ivanovo, Suzdal, Vladimir, and Uglich. The Golden Ring consists of many well- known monasteries, medieval wooden houses, and a range of historical monuments.

D. Generally, from 2 to 5 days are needed to visit the Golden Ring’s most interesting locations. Day-trips from Moscow are available for those who have only a few free days to spend in the Golden Ring cities. In fact, it is not a problem to visit just a few cities in the series. One can travel by trains and buses, but the most convenient way is to travel by car or book an organised minivan tour that offers convenient transportation.

E. Though it is easy to take day-trips from the capital to the Golden Ring cities, one should also consider spending in one of them a few days just to have more time to relax, enjoy nature, and the local atmosphere. There are not many 5-star hotels in these cities though, but it does not mean that it is difficult to find where to stay. There are stylish small hotels with cosy comfortable rooms, often decorated with wood and various handicrafts.

F. The very peak of the high tourist season in Russia is from early May till late September. The weather is warm and sunny during the summer months, and the spring months offer rolling green fields and flowers. This is the perfect time for a tour of the Golden Ring cities, to see top attractions in no rush. There are more rainy days towards October and November, so it is wise to choose a date starting sometime between May and September.

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