Элективный курс "Технический английский". Методические и дидактические материалы урока "Энергия Солнца и окружающий мир" (10 класс).
учебно-методическое пособие по английскому языку (10 класс) на тему

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The Sun is 150 mln k ilometres away, and amazingly powerful. Just the tiny fraction of the Sun's energy that hits the Earth (around a hundredth of a millionth of a percent) is enough to meet all our power needs many times over. In fact, every minute, enough energy arrives at the Earth to meet our demands for a whole year - if only we could harness it properly.

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There are three main ways that we use the Sun's energy:- 1: Solar Cells In a sunny climate, you can get enough power to run a 100 W light bulb from just one square metre of solar panel.

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Many people use calculators powered by solar cells.

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2: Solar water heating. Solar heating is worthwhile in places like California and Australia, where you get lots of sunshine. Water is pumped through pipes in the panel. The pipes are painted black, so they get hot when the Sun shines on them. This helps out your central heating system, and cuts your fuel consumption . However, you must remember to drain the water out to stop the panels freezing in winter.

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3: Solar Furnaces . They use a huge array of mirrors to concentrate the Sun's energy into a small space and produce very high temperatures. It can achieve temperatures up to 33,000 degrees Celsius .

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Solar cells provide the energy to run satellites that or b it the Earth. These give us satellite TV, telephones, navigation, weather forecasting, the Internet and many other facilities One idea that is being considered is to build solar towers .

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Schematic presentation of a Solar Tower

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Advantages: Solar energy is free – it needs no fuel and produces no waste or pollution. In sunny countries, solar power can be used where there is no easy way to get electricity to a remote place. Handy for low-power uses such as solar powered garden lights and battery chargers

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Disadvantages: Doesn't work at night . Very expensive to build solar power stations. Solar cells cost a great deal compared to the amount of electricity they'll produce in their lifetime. Can be unreliable unless you're in a very sunny climate.

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There are solar powered electric boats on Coniston Water in the Lake District, England. Here's a more advanced type of solar water heating panel. In the UK it can supply 90% of a typical home's hot water needs from April to November. This panel is made of a set of glass tubes. Each contains a metal plate with a bluish coating to help it absorb solar energy from IR to UV. Up the back of the metal plate is a "heat pipe", which looks like a copper rod but contains a liquid that transfers heat very quickly to the top of the glass tube. A water pipe runs across the top of the whole thing and picks up the heat from the tubes.

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Is it renewable? Solar power is renewable. The Sun will keep on shining anyway , so it makes sense to use it.

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Translate: Solar constant is the total radiation energy received from the Sun per unit of time per unit of area on a theoretical surface perpendicular to the Sun’s rays and at the Earth’s mean distance from the Sun. Due to the Earth rotation, the incoming flux of solar energy falling onto the Earth’s cross-section is distributed across the entire globe.

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The sun is a thermonuclear reactor. Energy is released in the form of electromagnetic waves of a wide range. These extend from X-rays of very short wavelength to radio waves of very long wavelength, but almost all Sun’s radiation falls within the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation bands. Nearly half of solar energy occurs in the visible part of the solar spectrum, about 25% - in the ultraviolet band, and the remaining solar energy occurs in the infrared band.

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