Английский стилистический анализ сказки "The Wonderful wizard of Oz" L.Frank Baum
учебно-методический материал по английскому языку (11 класс) на тему

Adjunction is a figure of speech in which a word, phrase or clause is placed at the beginning or the end of a sentence.

Their house was small, for the lumber to build it had to be carried by wagon many miles. (Chapter 1)

Scarecrow, still standing patiently in his corner, waiting for her.(Chapter 5)

Alliteration is the repetition of initial sounds in neighboring words.

The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (tittle)

The Scarecrow stuffed himself with fresh straw and Dorothy put new paint on his eyes that he might see better. (Chapter 11)

The act of alluding is to make indirect reference. It is a literary device, a figure of speech that quickly stimulates different ideas and associations using only a couple of words.

We are lost, for they will surely tear us to pieces with their sharp claws. (Chapter 7)

You people with hearts (Chapter 6)

Anaphora is a stylistic device that consists of repeating a sequence of words at the beginnings of neighboring clauses to give them emphasis. 

"Come back! Come back! Toto shall not hurt you."(Chapter 9)

There were few birds in this part of the forest, for birds love the open country where there is plenty of sunshine.(Chapter 6)

Antanaclasis is a rhetorical device in which a word is repeated and whose meaning changes in the second instance. Antanaclasis is a common type of  a pun.

she was a powerful Witch, as well as a wicked one (Chapter 12)

I am — I certainly am (Chapter 15)

Anticlimax refers to a figure of speech in which statements gradually descend in order of importance. 

 Dorothy lived in the midst of the great Kansas prairies, with Uncle Henry, who was a farmer, and Aunt Em, who was the farmer's wife. (Chapter 1)

There were four walls, a floor and a roof, which made one room; and this room contained a rusty looking cookstove, a cupboard for the dishes, a table, three or four chairs, and the beds.(Chapter 1)

Antiphrasis is a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is used to mean the opposite of its normal meaning to create ironic humorous effect. 

"I do not know where Kansas is, for I have never heard that country mentioned before. But tell me, is it a civilized country?"(Chapter 1)

"there is not another city in all the world that is ruled by a stuffed man." (Chapter18)

Antithesis is a figure of speech which refers to the juxtaposition of opposing or contrasting ideas. It involves the bringing out of a contrast in the ideas by an obvious contrast in the words, clauses, or sentences, within a parallel grammatical structure.

Truly I should be ungrateful if I failed to mourn for the man who gave me my lovely heart. (Chapter18)

. You know, of course, that courage is always inside one; so that this really cannot be called courage until you have swallowed it.  (Chapter16)

Apostrophe is an exclamatory rhetorical figure of speech, when a speaker or writer breaks off and directs speech to an imaginary person or abstract quality or idea.

"Aren't they beautiful?" the girl asked, as she breathed in the spicy scent of the bright flowers.(Chapter8)

The Deadly Poppy Field (Chapter8)

Assonance is a figure of speech that is found more often in verse than in prose. It refers to the repetition of vowel sounds to create internal rhyming within phrases or sentences.

 "They are monstrous beasts with bodies like bears and heads like tigers," (Chapter7)

Toto only wagged his tail; for, strange to say, he could not speak.(Chapter10)

Cataphora refers to a figure of speech where an earlier expression refers to or describes a forward expression. 

I stood behind the screen and pulled a thread, to make the eyes move and the mouth open.(Chapter15)

the Wizard unfastened his head and emptied out the straw(Chapter16)

Chiasmus is a figure of speech in which words, grammatical constructions, or concepts are repeated in reverse order, in the same or a modified form. In other words, the clauses display inverted parallelism.

So be of good cheer, my friends, for all will yet be well."(Chapter11)

I have been wicked in my day, but I never thought a little girl like you would ever be able to melt me and end my wicked deeds. (Chapter12)

Climax refers to a figure of speech in which words, phrases, or clauses are arranged in order of increasing importance.

Not a tree nor a house broke the broad sweep of flat country (Chapter1)

"If you see any house, or any place where we can pass the night," she said, "you must tell me; for it is very uncomfortable walking in the dark."(Chapter4)

Dysphemism is the use of a harsh, more offensive word instead of one considered less harsh. 

We are so grateful to you for having killed the Wicked Witch of the East, and for setting our people free from bondage."(Chapter2)

A chorus of boisterous laughter came from the other rocks(Chapter22)

Ellipsis (or elliptical construction ) is the omission of a word or words. It refers to constructions in which words are left out of a sentence but the sentence can still be understood.

 So the Lion aroused himself and bounded forward as fast as he could go (Chapter8)

You have plenty of courage, I am sure, you have (Chapter15)

Euphemism is used to express a mild, indirect, or vague term to substitute for a harsh, blunt, or offensive term.

"I am Oz, the Great and Terrible," said the little man, in a trembling voice. (Chapter15)

"We shan't wait a day longer," (Chapter15)

An epigram refers to a concise, witty, memorable, and sometimes surprising or satirical statement. 

Well, Oz can do anything; so I suppose he will find Kansas for you.(Chapter10) 

"There is only one thing in the world I am afraid of."

 "What is that?" asked Dorothy; "the Munchkin farmer who made you?"

 "No," answered the Scarecrow; "it's a lighted match."(Chapter3) 

Epiphora (also called epistrophe) is a rhetorical device that consists of repeating a sequence of words at the end of neighboring clauses to give them emphasis. 

It is the same at the South, the South is the country of the Quadlings (Chapter2)

 "We will do that gladly," returned the tiger; and all the other beasts roared with a mighty roar: "We will!"(Chapter21)

Hyperbole is the use of exaggeration as a rhetorical device or figure of speech. It may be used to evoke strong feelings or to create a strong impression, but is not meant to be taken literally.

 "You need fear your enemy no longer."(Chapter21)

 "I am deadly afraid of falling, myself," (Chapter7)

Lilotes is a figure of speech consisting of an understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by negating its opposite. 

The Tin Woodman knew very well he had no heart, and therefore he took great care never to be cruel or unkind to anything.(Chapter6)

"It came down gradually, and I was not hurt a bit. (Chapter15)

An oxymoron is a figure of speech that combines incongruous or contradictory terms. 

 when you hear the splendid thoughts my new brain is going to turn out. (Chapter15)

the old fellow loved a joke better than a good dinner. (Chapter14)

Personification is a figure of speech in which human characteristics are attributed to an abstract quality, animal, or inanimate object.

 "Yes, and a quick way out of our troubles," replied the Lion. (Chapter14)

"Call the Winged Monkeys," suggested the Tin Woodman (Chapter22)

A pun, also called paronomasia, involves a word play which suggests two or more meanings, by exploiting multiple meanings of words, or of similar-sounding words, for an intended humorous or rhetorical effect. 

If Oz will not give you any brains you will be no worse off than you are now."(Chapter3)

Any crow of sense could see that you are only stuffed with straw.(Chapter4)

Merism is a figure of speech by which something is referred to by a conventional phrase that enumerates several of its constituents or traits.

Is he made of tin, or stuffed?(Chapter6)

There was no garret at all, and no cellar (Chapter1)

Metalepsis is a figure of speech in which reference is made to something by means of another thing that is remotely related to it, either through a causal relationship, or through another figure of speech.

But I do not want people to call me a fool, and if my head stays stuffed with straw instead of with brains, as yours is, how am I ever to know anything?(Chapter3)

Where in the world did you come from?(Chapter24)

metaphor (from the Greek language: meaning "transfer") is language that directly compares seemingly unrelated subjects. 

Welcome, O King of Beasts!(Chapter21) 

He isn't heavy a bit (Chapter8)

Metonymy is a figure of speech in which a thing or concept is not called by its own name, but by the name of something intimately associated with that thing or concept.

Oh, your Majesty (Chapter9)

The Wonderful City of Oz(Chapter11)

A simile is a figure of speech comparing two unlike things, often introduced with the word "like" or "as". 

“It was Toto that made Dorothy laugh, and saved her from growing as gray as her other surroundings.” (Chapter 1)

I’m very sorry indeed, said Dorothy, who was truly frightened to see the Witch actually melting away like brown sugar before her very own eyes.”(Chapter 12)

Synecdoche is a figure of speech in which a part of something is used to represent the whole or the whole of something is used to represent part of it.

Then a head showed itself (Chapter 22)

the woman gave them all a good dinner (Chapter 22)

 Irony

Dorothy felt as if she were going up in a balloon.(Chapter 1)

 Flashback 

Well, one day I went up in a balloon and the ropes got twisted, so that I couldn't come down again.  It went way up above the clouds, so far that a current of air struck it and carried it many, many miles away.  For a day and a night I traveled through the air, and on the morning of the second day I awoke and found the balloon floating over a strange and beautiful country.  It came down gradually, and I was not hurt a bit.  But I found myself in the midst of a strange people, who, seeing me come from the clouds, thought I was a great Wizard.  Of course I let them think so, because they were afraid of me, and promised to do anything I wished them to. (Chapter 15)