“Borrowed words or Anglicisms in modern teens slang.”
статья по английскому языку

                                                    Anglicisms

 “Borrowed words or Anglicisms in modern teens slang.”

There are about 10% of such words in the Russian language and mainly these are nouns. Due to the expansion of international contacts more and more elements of foreign languages appear in our language. Nowadays it has become fashionable to use anglicisms, the reasons are stereotypes and id’eals created in a youth society. Adding borrowings to their speech young people join themselves to the English culture and lifestyle.

The problem of intensive penetration of anglicisms in to the Russian language is not fully studied. That is why it has not lost its relevance these days.

The subject of the study is a wide range of anglicisms that is used in the modern Russian language.

The object is lexical units of the English origin and their derivatives.

The aim of this work is to analyze the specifics of anglicisms in the Russian language, as well as their values.

The following tasks are derived from the object:

1. To study and to analyze the literature about the problem of  borrowing anglicisms in Russian language;
2. To identify the reasons for borrowing English words into Russian;
3. To consider the methods of  forming anglicisms;
4. To determine the fields of human activity where anglicisms are used more frequently;
5. To make a dictionary of anglicisms that are used in everyday life of schoolchildren.

A great contribution to solving the problem of borrowing words in modern teens slang has been made by such linguists as Anatoli Ivanovich D`yakov, Grigori Osipovich Vinokur and others. Their scientific works and practical studies were the base of this work.

Due to the study and analysis of different linguists, it has been revealed that there are various reasons for borrowing .For example, Leonid Petrovich Krysin identifies the following reasons for borrowing:

1. The need to name new things, new phenomena (computer, taxi).
2. The need to distinguish close, but at the same time distinct concepts (fear – panic, post – information.
3. The need to specialize the concepts to a particular field, for different purposes ( warning – preventive, dispatches – exports)
4. The desire to look more prestigious, beautiful and cleverer. Merchandiser sounds more beautiful than “tovaroved”

Also during the research work the forming methods of anglicisms have been revealed.

1. The direct borrowings. The words in the Russian language have the same meaning as in the original language. Such words as уик-енд, мани, фэйс, etc.
2. The hybrids.  These words are formed by joining Russian suffixes, prefixes or endings to the foreign root. For example, юзер (use – пользоваться, использовать), гамать (game – играть)
3. The tracing. The words of foreign origin, which preserve their phonetic and graphic form. These are words such as диск, меню, вирус.
4. The exoticism. The words that describe specific of different customs and traditions and are used in the description of foreign reality. For example: чипсы, хот-дог, чизбургер, сандвич.
5. Foreign-language blotches. Such words usually have lexical equivalents, but stylistically they are different from them and are fixed in a particular field of communication as a special means of expression. For example: окей, вау, лол.
6. The composites. Words that are composed of two English words, such as: second-hand.

After analyzing the common borrowed words and their sources, linguists grouped the anglicisms into several main areas of use:

1. Bissnes, Economics and Finance (обджект-менеджер, веб-дезайнер, спикер, мерчендайзер)
2. Policy (саммит, спичрайтер)
3. Sport (банджи-джампинг, бобслей, дайвинг, джоггинг), sports terms (аут, брейк-поинт, офсайд), sports equipment ( снитч, сноуборд )
4. Information Technology (принтер, интернет, файл, сканер, спам).
5. Movies, Music ( for example, A. Schwarzenegger`s famous phrase: I`ll be back, a thriller, a remake)
6. A consumer sector (барбекю, бизнес-ланч, кулер, пентхауз, билдинг, таунхауз)

Also the interview was done among students of gymnasium №8 of the Soviet region in Kazan. They answered the following questions:

- Do you use English words in your speech?

- In what spheres do you use them more often?

- Do you always understand the meaning of English words that are used?

As a result of the interview it was found out that 100% of students use English words in their speech. Mainly it is because of the fact that an English word is more laconic than a Russian one.

58% of students noticed that they use English words that are related to the household sphere in everyday communication with friends. 42% indicated that they use Anglicisms in communication in social networks. Also it was discovered that the most common words are the words that express agreement or approval (ОК – 45%, yes – 14%), Greeting ( hi – 16%), the expression of preferences or emotions (like – 10%), denial (no – 6%), apologies and thanks (sorry – 4%, thanks – 5%). All these words are connected with daily companionship. But only 29% of students exactly understand the meaning of used anglicisms.

Also during the research it has been revealed that the most understandable words for teens are Anglicisms associated with computer technologies. For example the Internet (53%) are leading among the areas where students meet English words, then music comes(songs in English) and everyday communication (38%), TV (9%)

Most teens (70%) have positive attitude to the use of English words, 20% do not care and only 10% are negative.

According to the results of  this study it has been concluded that Anglicisms are always present in the speech of teenagers, often even replacing Russian words or phrases by more laconic English words.

On the one hand, it has been proved that the appearance of new words expands the vocabulary of Russian language speakers and on the other hand, the clogging of the Russian language occurs because of a huge number of unnecessary borrowings. Moreover, the Russian language loses its originality and unique beauty. On the basis of this study, the recommendations for the use of anglicisms in the Russian language have been made.

Also a dictionary with the most used anglicisms in everyday life of schoolchildren has been compiled.

This work can be used by students of both primary and secondary schools.