План урока "Past Simple vs Present Perfect"
учебно-методический материал по английскому языку (9 класс)

Date: TYPE THE DATE HERE you should always

date your lesson plans.

Teacher: Lada Guiumdzhian

Focus: Grammar (difference between the Present Perfect and the Past Simple)

Time length: 60 Minutes

Class Level: Intermediate

Age group: ADULTS – GENERAL ENGLISH

Number of students: 17 ADULTS

Objective:

To use the Present Perfect and Past Simple to talk about experiences or past events.

Potential Student Misunderstandings:

1. Students might have some troubles in making questions and negative sentences in the Past Simple and the Present Perfect
2. Students can forget some forms of irregular verbs. And make some spelling mistakes.
3. Students may pronounce incorrectly some irregular verb forms.
4. Students may confuse where we need to use the Present Perfect and the Past Simple. For example, using the Present Perfect for finished actions in the past that don’t have any results in the Present. Students can use the Past Simple to describe experience when the period of time is not over.
5. Students may also use the Present Simple instead of the Present Perfect.
6. Students can choose incorrect verb form. For example, they can write the Past Simple form instead of Past Participle while they are making up sentences in the Present Perfect.

Materials:

The course book - Empower B1+ (Student’s book, Workbook, Teacher’s book and Worksheet Grammar 2A in the Teacher’s book, p. 183), Cambridge University Press, the first edition, 2015.

Timing

5 minutes

Warm-up

Books closed. Put students into small groups and give them

a few minutes to think of 4-6 questions that people are often

asked at job interviews. Monitor and help as necessary.

Possible questions could include the following:

-

Why do you want this job?

- Why did you leave your last job?

- What are your best points?

- What are your weak points?

- What did you do in your last job?

- Have you ever made a mistake at work? How did you sort it

out?

Ask: Which questions do you think are the easiest/most difficult

to answer? Why? Discuss the question as a class.

1 minute

Introduction

Introduce the objective:

Our objective today is to learn how to use the Present Perfect and Past Simple to talk about experiences or past events

12 minutes

Presentation

Direct Instructions

Modeling & Think-Alouds:

Look at these sentences from the stories on p .20 “Not the best interview I’ve ever had” (We read this text and did some exercises with it during our previous lesson ) . Which verbs are in the Present Perfect and which is in The Past Simple? (the Student’s book “Empower B1+”, p. 21)

1. I’ve never forgotten to switch my phone off in the

cinema. (the Present Perfect)

2. I had lots of good interviews, but this one was a

disaster. (the Past Simple)

3. I had a job interview with two people last week. (the Past Simple) They’ve just offered me the job! (the Present Perfect)

Assumptions here: Students know the difference between regular and irregular verbs, know all the necessary forms of irregular verbs. Students are able to recognize the Past Simple and Present Perfect, know how sentences are structured in these tenses. Students read the text and did exercises on the page 20 in the Student’s book “Empower B1+”.

Check for Understanding:

Underline the correct words to complete the rules. (the Student’s book “Empower B1+”, p. 21)

1 We use the past simple / present perfect to talk about

recent past events that have an effect on the present.

2 We use the past simple / present perfect to talk about

our experiences.

3 We use the past simple / present perfect when we

give details ( when, where, etc.) or talk about

specific past events.

25 minutes

Practice

Guided practice

Structured Activity:

Complete the sentences with the Present Perfect or Past Simple form of the verbs in brackets. (the Student’s book “Empower B1+”, p. 21)

1. I __________ (never/have) a really terrible job

interview.

2. Once, I ___________(forget) to switch off my phone

when I was at the cinema.

3. I don’t have very much work experience, but I ___________(be) in charge of a small team. I ___________(be) the leader on a project at school.

4. I __________ (get) some useful work experience

last year.

5. I __________ (study) hard this year, so I hope I can

pass my exams.

6. I __________ (always/be) able to express myself

clearly since I was a child.

7. I __________ (already/work) for more than three

organizations.

8. I __________ (know) what career I wanted when I

was a child.

Answers

1 ’ve/have never had

2 forgot

3 ’ve/have been, was

5 ’ve/have studied

6 ’ve/have always been

7 ’ve/have already worked

8 knew

Semi-structured Activity:

Work in groups of 3-4 (3 groups of three students and two groups of 4 students)and discuss in turns which sentences are true for you and give more information. (the Student’s book “Empower B1+”, p. 21)

Example,

Number 1 is true for me, I’ve only had two job interviews, but they’ve all been OK. (write it on the whiteboard)

Fast finishers can prepare and ask each other questions about work and studies using Have you You may wish to give them these verbs/phrases to use: study, learn how to, fail, apply for, write, speak, make a big mistake, earn.

Checks for Understanding:

Discuss the mistakes that your students made while they were doing the exercise.

PRESENT PERFECT

Affirmative sentences

Subject + have (I, you, we, they)/has (he,she,it) + V3/V+

Negative sentences

Subject + have (I, you, we, they)/has (he,she,it) + not + V3/V+

(contracted forms (haven’t, hasn’t)

Interrogative sentences

Have (I, you, we, they)/has (he,she,it) + subject + V3/V+

We use the Present Perfect to talk about:

1. 1) Experiences in our lifetime, or another unfinished time period:

Have you ever had a job interview?

I’ve never worked in an office.

Have you ever had a job interview?

2) news and recent events, often with a present result:

They’ve just offered me the job (result=I’ve got a job.)

The interviews have already finished - you are too late. (result=You can’t have an interview.)

She hasn’t called me back yet. (result= I’m still waiting to speak to her.)

3) Unfinished states (when we want to talk about the duration):

I’ve only had this phone for a week.

We’ve lived in London since 2010.

We use for to give the duration or since to give the starting point.

With the Present Perfect we use the following indicators:

Already, never, ever (in questions), yet (in negative and interrogative sentences at the end of the sentence), just, today, this (month, week, ) (when the period is not over at the moment of speaking), lately and recently (at the end of the sentence).

PAST SIMPLE

Affirmative sentences

Subject + V2/V+

Negative sentences

Subject + did+ not +

Interrogative sentences

Did + subject +

We use the Past Simple for completed past actions in a completed past time period:

She didn’t get the job.

The interviews finished five minutes ago.

Why did you miss the bus?

With the Past Simple we use the following indicators:

Yesterday, last (week, month, ), when I was a child, (a few/ three/four days, ) ago.

We often introduce a topic with the Present Perfect and then change to the Past Simple in the next sentence to talk about the details:

I’ve lost my keys. Maybe I left them on the bus this morning.

He hasn’t worked here long. He started a few weeks ago.

Don’t use the Present Perfect when you describe an action that happened at a particular time. Use a past tense instead:

They left yesterday/ at four o’clock/ ten minutes ago.

10 minutes

Practice

Independent practice

Unstructured Activity:

In advance make copies of a list of The Worksheet Grammar 2A (It is in the Teacher’s book for the course “Empower B1+”, ) Distribute copies (you just put them on each desk before the lesson starts or ask a student to help you during the lesson).

Work in pairs (7 pairs and one group of three people) and discuss the activities in the Worksheets by using the Present Perfect and Past Simple. You can also add your own ideas here.

5 minutes

Evaluation:

Describe the End-of-Lesson Assessment:

Now, we’ve learn how to use the
Present Perfect and Past Simple in our speech. Let’s see what you’ve remembered from this lesson. Take small sheets of paper and answer my questions in a written form, please:

1. What verb form do we use in the affirmative sentences in the Past Simple?
2. What verb form do we use in the affirmative sentences in the Present Perfect?
3. Do we use the Present Perfect to talk about a single action the Past?
4. Do we use the Past Simple to describe an action in the Past that has a present result?
5. Which tense do we use to talk about our experience?

Please, give me your sheets of paper and don’t forget to write your name on them.

2 minutes

Homework:

Explain the homework:

You will have to write a short and funny story that has happened to you recently. You

need to use the Past Simple and the Present Perfect Tenses in your story (about 50-70 words)

Interventions:

Collaborative interventions (group work), self-regulation (while evaluating students’ results and checking for understanding), classroom-based interventions (while correcting students’ mistakes, giving them instructions and monitoring their pair/group work), homework (giving some homework to your students).

Notes:

1. Prepare copies of the Worksheets in advance (the Teacher’s book “Empower B1+” p. 183)

2. Try to ask the Director of Studies in advance whether the students have the copies of these books or not. If not, you need to make copies for them before the lesson.

3. If you still have some time before the lesson ends, do exercises with your students in the Workbook “Empower B1+” (p. 10)