Изобретения
презентация к уроку (10 класс) по теме
Данная работа предназначена для обучающихся 10-х классов.
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"To raise new questions, new possibilities, to regard old questions from a new angle, requires creative imagination and marks real advance". "Imagination is more important than knowledge" . Albert Einstein
To invent is to see anew. An invention is a new composition, device, or process. Some inventions are based on pre-existing models or ideas and others are radical breakthroughs. Inventions can extend the boundaries of human knowledge or experience.
Match the words and definitions: 1. a TV set 2 . a car 3 . a computer 4 . a video player 5 . a camera 6 . a vacuum cleaner 7 . a fridge 8. a mobile telephone 9. a plane 10. a telephone a. to take photographs b. to receive or make calls around the home c. to perform everyday cleaning tasks d. to move fast and quick around the world e. to watch pre-recorded videos f. to keep food fresh for a long time g. to have fun and to entertain h. a system for sending or receiving speech over long distance i. to write programs, play games, find and use information j. to move wherever you want by yourself
Which things are the most or least useful in the house from your point of view? 1. I think that ….. is the most important thing . 2. We can ….. 3. Some of the inventions, for example …. is less important. 4. We do not often ….. 5. And I’m sure we can do without …..
INVENTIONS: 1. Nicephore Niepce from France pioneered photography in 1829. 2. In 1876 Alexander Graham Bell, an American engineer, invented telephone. 3. Karl Benz produced the world’s first petrol-driven car in Germany in 1878. 4. In 1895 the Lumiere brothers patented their cinematography and opened the world’s first cinema in Paris. 5. The first Russia’s automobile was designed by P.A.Frez and E.A.Yakovlev. By May 1896 the car had been built. 6. Wilbur and Orville Wright built the first airplane in 1903. 7. The first ballpoint pen was produced in 1940 though it had been invented by L. Biro, a Hungarian artist and journalist, in 1905. 8. In 1908 James M. Spangler from the USA built the first vacuum cleaner. 9. In 1908 US automobile manufacturer Henry Ford created the world’s first car assembly line . 10. John Logie Baird from Scotland invented television in 1926. 11. In 1928 Richard Drew perfected the Scotch tape, which had been invented by Jim Kirst from the USA in 1923. 12. In 1945 the Nobel Prize was given to Alexander Fleming for penicillin that had been discovered in 1928. 13. Sergey Korolyev designed the first artificial satellite in 1957. 14. Akio Morita developed the first personal stereo – Sony Walkman in 1957. 15. In 1981 Bill Gates created Microsoft-DOS (Disk Operating System). 16. Scottish scientist Ian Wilmat developed the idea of cloning in 1997.
Joseph Nicéphore Niépce (1765 – 1833) Joseph Nicéphore Niépce was a French inventor, most noted as one of the inventors of photography and a pioneer in the field. He is well-known for taking some of the earliest photographs, dating to the 1820s. As revolutionary as his invention was, Niépce is little known even today.
Alexander Graham Bell (1847 – 1922) Alexander Graham Bell was an eminent scientist, inventor, engineer and innovator who is credited with inventing the first practical telephone. His research on hearing and speech led him to experiment with hearing devices which eventually culminated in Bell being awarded the first U.S. patent for the telephone in 1876.
Karl Friedrich Benz (1844 – 1929) Karl Friedrich Benz was a German engine designer and automobile engineer, generally regarded as the inventor of the petrol-powered automobile and pioneering founder of the automobile manufacturer, Mercedes-Benz.
The Lumière brothers: Auguste Marie Louis Nicolas (1862 – 1954) Louis Jean (1864– 1948) The Lumière brothers were among the earliest filmmakers. Louis had made some improvements to the still-photograph process, the most notable being the dry-plate process, which was a major step towards moving images. The cinematograph itself was patented on 13 February 1895 and the first footage ever to be recorded using it was recorded on 19 March 1895.
The Wright brothers: Orville (1871 – 1948) Wilbur (1867 – 1912) The Wright brothers were two Americans who are generally credited with inventing and building the world's first successful airplane and making the first controlled, powered and sustained heavier-than-air human flight, on December 17, 1903. In two years afterward, the brothers developed their flying machine into the first practical fixed-wing aircraft. The Wright brothers were the first to invent aircraft controls that made fixed-wing flight possible.
László József Bíró (1899 – 1985) László József Bíró was the inventor of the modern ballpoint pen. He presented the first production of the ball pen at the Budapest International Fair in 1931. Working with his brother George, a chemist, he developed a new tip consisting of a ball that was free to turn in a socket, and as it turned it would pick up ink from a cartridge and then roll to deposit it on the paper. Bíró patented the invention in Paris in 1938.
James Murray Spangler (1848 - 1915) In 1907, James Murray Spangler, a janitor in Canton, Ohio invented an electric vacuum cleaner from a fan, a box, and a pillowcase.
John Logie Baird (1888 – 1946) John Logie Baird was a British engineer and inventor of the world's first working television system, also the world's first fully electronic colour television broadcast. Although Baird's electromechanical system was eventually displaced by purely electronic systems his early successes demonstrating working television broadcasts and his colour and cinema television work earn him a prominent place in television's invention.
John Gorrie (1803 – 1855) John Gorrie was a physician, scientist, inventor, and humanitarian, is considered the father of refrigeration and air conditioning.
Henry Ford was the American founder of the Ford Motor Company and father of modern assembly lines used in mass production. His introduction of the Model T automobile revolutionized transportation and American industry. He was a prolific inventor and was awarded 161 U.S. patents. Henry Ford (1863 – 1947)
Richard G.Drew (1886-1982) In 1923 Richard Drew settled down on work in company Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing which concerned with the production of the sandpaper, exploratory activity in the field of watertight surfaces and experimented with cellophane. And 27 May 1930 Richard Drew patented his invention - transparent getting sticky tape.
Alexander Fleming (1881 – 1955) Sir Alexander Fleming was a Scottish biologist and pharmacologist. His best-known achievements are the discovery of the enzyme lysozyme in 1923 and the antibiotic substance penicillin from the fungus Penicillium notatum in 1928, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Howard Walter Florey and Ernst Boris Chain.
Sergey Pavlovich Korolyov (1907 – 1966) Sergey Pavlovich Korolyov was the head Soviet rocket engineer and designer during the Space Race between the United States and the Soviet Union in the 1950s and 1960s. He is considered by many as the father of practical astronautics.
Akio Morita (1921 — 1999) Akio Morita was a Japanese entrepreneur, cofounder of Sony Corp. In 1949, the company developed magnetic recording tape and in 1950, sold the first tape recorder in Japan. In 1957, it produced a pocket-sized radio.
William Henry "Bill" Gates III (born October 28, 1955) William Henry "Bill" Gates III is an American business magnate, philanthropist, and chairman of Microsoft, the software company. During his career at Microsoft, Gates held the positions of CEO and chief software architect, and remains the largest individual shareholder. Gates is one of the best-known entrepreneurs of the personal computer revolution.
Sir Ian Wilmut (born 7 July 1944) Sir Ian Wilmut is an English embryologist and is currently Director of the MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine at the University of Edinburgh. He is best known as the leader of the research group that in 1996 first cloned a mammal from an adult somatic cell, a Finnish Dorset lamb named Dolly.
GRAMMAR IN FOCUS PAST PERFECT PASSIVE HAD + BEEN + V3
By the end of the 19 th century invented tested improved made discovered pioneered .....? had been built developed produced found created introduced designed perfected patented
What inventions had been made by the end of the 19 -20 th century? 1. ………..….. ……………by the end of the 19 th century. 2. ……….….. ……………..by the end of the 19 th century. 3. ……….….. ……………..by the end of the 19 th century. 4. The first …….. ………...by the end of the 19 th century. 5. The first …... ..………..by the end of the 19 th century. 6. The ………..….. ……….by the end of the 19 th century. invented made built found designed tested created discovered perfected pioneered produced patented
HOMEWORK: PROJECT: « WHAT WOULD YOU LIKE TO INVENT? »
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ПЛАН-КОСПЕКТ УРОКА ПО ТЕМЕ «ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ»
ТЕМА: “Inventions and Inventors”.
(Изобретения и изобретатели)
ЦЕЛИ:
- Познавательный аспект - знакомство с выдающимися изобретателями и изобретениями;
- Развивающий аспект – развитие способности к распределению внимания, к непроизвольному запоминанию, к структурной антиципации, к анализу и синтезу, к сравнению и сопоставлению речевых единиц, к абстрагированию и обобщению при овладении грамматическими явлениями, к формулированию выводов из прочитанного и услышанного, к планированию своего высказывания, развитие способностей к репродуктивным и продуктивным речевым действиям;
- Воспитательный аспект – формирование потребности и способности к критическому мышлению, воспитание чувства сопричастности к мировой истории, воспитание уважения к чужому труду и творчеству, воспитание чувства гордости за достижения своих великих соотечественников;
- Учебный аспект – формирование лексических навыков чтения и говорения; развитие речевых умений.
Сопутствующая задача – развитие умения читать с детальным пониманием содержания и с целью извлечения конкретной информации, развитие умения работать в парах.
Речевой материал:
рецептивный: лексический – built-in-flash, film loading, film advance, to assemble, safe, luxury, westerner, radar, submarine, navy, sledge;
продуктивный: лексический - ballpoint pen, Microsoft, satellite, to clone, penicillin, Scotch tape, apparatus, improvement, digital (stereo sound system), commonplace, to patent, to perfect, car assembly line, laser, electric/solar cell, telegraph, telescope, canned/frozen food, steam engine, match, typewriter, diesel, manufacturer, to launch. to operate, to brighten, automatic, compact, essential.
Lesson Procedure:
- Teacher’s Introductory Word. Aims.
T: Good morning, dear children! I’m glad to see you. I invite you to take part in the lesson devoted to inventions and inventors. You’ll learn a lot of useful information about achievements of scientists from different countries. Also you’ll have plenty of practice in translation. I hope that by the end of the lesson you’ll improve your translation skills.
- Warm up.
T: It’s interesting for me what of the modern inventions do you have at home? (учащиеся отвечают, перечисляя бытовую технику, которая есть дома, используя лексику прошлых уроков.)
T: Now answer my questions, please.
1. What units and machines do you use in your household?
2. What do you use for watching films?
3. What do you use for calling somebody who is far from you?
4. What do you use for cleaning rooms?
5. What gadget do you use for taking photos?
6. What do you use for listening to music?
P1: I use many of them: a car, a computer, a refrigerator, a vacuum cleaner and so on.
T: I see. What is the most useful thing for your mother?
P2: In my opinion, it is a cooker.
T: What unit or machine can’t you do without?
P3: It is my computer.
T: What thing can’t your father live without?
P4: Without TV, to my mind.
T: What thing do you use every day?
P5: I think, it is my mobile telephone.
T: What thing can you easily do without?
P6: It is a sewing machine. I hardly ever use it.
T: What is the most useless thing in your household?
P7: It is a video recorder. I am always lack of time to use it.
T: What thing do you use regularly?
P8: I can’t live without my mobile telephone.
T: What is your favourite unit?
P9: I think it is my walkman. I am fond of listening to music.
T: What about you?
P10: I like watching TV.
T: I see. Well, you use many units and machines. And do you know the names of people who invented them?
P11: I’d name such of them as Alexander Graham Bell, Karl Benz, Tomas Alva Edison, Frez and Yakovlev and so on.
- By the end of the 20th century lots of inventions have been made. Some of them become so commonplace that it is difficult to imagine them as inventions.
- Have a look at the pictures and say what inventions have been made by the end of the 20th century. Which of them have become commonplace?
(Презентация, слайд № 3)
- Match the words and definitions:
1. a TV set g. to have fun and to entertain
2. a car j. to move wherever you want by yourself
3. a computer i. to write programs, play games, find and use information
4. a video player e. to watch pre-recorded videos
5. a camera a. to take photographs
6. a vacuum cleaner c. to perform everyday cleaning tasks
7. a fridge f. to keep food fresh for a long time
8. a mobile telephone h. a system for sending or receiving speech over long distance
9. a plane d. to move fast and quick around the world
10. a telephone b. to receive or make calls around the home
(Презентация, слайд № 4)
- Which things are the most or least useful in the house from your point of view?
1. I think that ….. is the most important thing.
2. We can …..
3. Some of the inventions, for example …. is less important.
4. We do not often …..
5. And I’m sure we can do without …..
(Презентация, слайд № 5)
- Important inventions were made in different countries. What are some of these inventions? Who invented them and where?
T: Today we’ll speak about inventions and inventors. We have learned some facts about useful inventions which were made in the long history of mankind. Most of them have really brought us comfort and convenience. We cannot imagine our life without electric lamps, cars or telephones, television or computers. You have known about talented inventors, some of them are Russians and we can be proud of their achievements. Now, let’s practice in reading and translating.
(Презентация, слайды № 7-22)
- Can you translate the following sentences into Russian? You can compare your translation and agree on the best version.
(Презентация, слайд № 6).
T: Now, let’s practice in translating.
P1: Joseph Nicéphore Niépce from France pioneered photography in 1829.
P2: Жозеф Нисефор Ньепс из Франции изобрёл способ фотографирования в 1829.
P1: In 1876 Alexander Graham Bell, an American engineer, invented telephone.
P2: В 1876 году американский инженер Александр Бэл изобрел телефон.
P1: Karl Benz produced the world’s first petrol-driven car in Germany in 1878.
P2: В 1878 в Германии Карл Бенц произвёл первый в мире автомобиль, работающий на бензине.
P1: In 1895 the Lumiere brothers patented their cinematography and opened the world’s first cinema in Paris.
P2: В 1895 братья Люмьер запатентовали кинематограф и открыли первый в мире кинотеатр в Париже.
P1: Wilbur and Orville Wright built the first airplane in 1903 (USA).
P2: В 1903 в США братья Райты построили первый аэроплан.
P1: In 1908 James M. Spangler from the USA built the first vacuum cleaner.
P2: В 1908 Джемс Спенглер из США построил первый пылесос.
P1: In 1908 US automobile manufacturer Henry Ford created the world’s first car assembly line.
P2: В 1908 американский фабрикант Генри Форд создал первый в мире автомобильный сборочный конвейер.
P1: John Logie Baird from Scotland invented television in 1926.
P2: Джон Бард из Шотландии изобрёл телевидение в 1926.
P1: The first Russia’s automobile was designed by P.A.Frez and E.A.Yakovlev. By May 1896 the car had been built.
P2: Первый автомобиль в России был построен П.А.Фрезом и Е.А.Яковлевым. К маю 1896 года машина была построена.
P1: In 1945 the Nobel Prize was given to Alexander Fleming for penicillin that had been discovered in 1928.
P2:В 1945 году Нобелевскую премию вручили Александру Флемингу за пенициллин, который был открыт в 1928 году.
P1: In 1928 Richard Drew perfected the Scotch tape, which had been invented by Jim Kirst from the USA in 1923.
P2: В 1928 году Ричард Дрю улучшил шотландскую плёнку (скотч), которую изобрёл Джим Кист из США в 1923 году.
P1: The first ballpoint pen was produced in 1940 though it had been invented by L. Biro, a Hungarian artist and journalist, in 1905.
P2: Первая шариковая ручка была изготовлена в 1940 году, хотя она была изобретена Л.Биро, венгерским художником и журналистом, в 1940 году.
P1: Sergey Korolyev (Russia) designed the first artificial satellite in 1957.
P2: Сергей Королёв (Россия) разработал первый искусственный спутник в 1957.
P1: Akio Morita (Japan) developed the first personal stereo – Sony Walkman in 1957.
P2: Акио Морите (Япония) разработал первую персональную стереосистему Sony Walkman в 1957 году.
P1: In 1981 Bill Gates (USA) created Microsoft-DOS (Disk Operating System).
P2: В 1981 Билл Гейтса (США) создал Microsoft-DOS (Дисковую Операционную Систему).
P1: Scottish scientist Ian Wilmat developed the idea of cloning in 1997.
P2: Шотландский ученый Ян Вилмат разработал идею клонирования в 1997.
- What inventions had been made by the end of the 19- 20th century?
(Презентация, слайд № 23-25)
1. ……………..… had been invented by the end of the 19th century.
2. ……………...…. had been pioneered by the end of the 19th century.
3. ……………..…. had been patented by the end of the 20th century.
4. ……………..….. had been produced by the end of the 19th century.
5. ……………..….. had been designed by the end of the 20th century.
6. ………………… had been tested by the end of the 20th century.
- Conclusion.
T: People have invented a lot of useful things to make their life more comfortable. Almost every day a new technique or product appears in the world. But we always need something more useful, more effective and more comfortable. If you could invent anything you like, what would it be? What do you know about such inventions? Люди изобрели множество полезных вещей, чтобы сделать свою жизнь комфортнее. Что ты знаешь об этих изобретениях?
- Homework. Project. “What Would You Like To Invent?” If you could to invent anything you like what would it be?
T: Thank you. The lesson is over. You may be free. Good bye.
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