Методическая копилка
статья по английскому языку по теме

Слайд 1

LAVASH- THE KING OF ARMENIAN BREAD

Слайд 2

Armenian cuisine is one of the ancient cuisine in Asia and the oldest in South Caucasus region. The features of Armenian cuisine have been founded at least a thousand year before Christianity and have been kept nearly unchanged over the next three thousand years.

Слайд 3

In Armenian Highland they have baked bread before the birth of Christ in 3-2 millenniums. That confirms the clay ovens ( tonir ) and the relics of bread, which have discovered in variety of the old places. During the excavations of Artashat city there have been discovered tonir of that same period. tonir

Слайд 4

Lavash contains the history, the pain and the glory of an entire nation. You can lay the table with Lavash , you can survive with Lavash and you can even be proud of Lavash . Lavash is an important part of ration in every Armenian family. It is baked in accordance with the old Armenian tradition.

Слайд 5

Lavash is traditionally 60-70 centimeters long, 30-40 centimeters wide and 1.5-3 millimeters thick oval flat bread, which is typical only in Armenians. Traditionally the dough is made of wheat flour, water, and salt. It is knead and kept in a warm place for fermentation. Later it is rolled out very flat, and by throwing from one hand to the other, stretched. When the dough sheets are ready, they are slapped to the hot walls of tonir and baked. After a few minutes delicate Lavash is ready. According to folk etymology ‘ Lavash ’ լավաշ derives its name from ‘ Lav -hats’ (meaning good bread in Armenian). Experts however connect it with the Armenian lovaz ‘palm, flat of the hand’ and lavaz ‘very thin.

Слайд 6

The newly baked Lavash is very soft, but soon it gets brittle and ready to store. After storing it for a long time, you can bring it back to its soft condition just by sprinkling some water on it. In some villages, up to now Armenians bake lavash in autumn and keep it for use in winter. For this purpose, lavash is dried, stacked in a pile and stored in a dry place and then softened before serving . The truth is that Lavash is the most longest kept bread in the world. It can be kept and keep its features for several months, even till one year. Because of that Lavash is the most durable and longest kept bread in the world.

Слайд 7

The most interesting is the process of baking Lavash , which is mainly done in villages of Armenia and expresses a complete cultural event. Baking L avash is the monopoly of Armenian women . They are real experts of their job, both young and old. In far villages most newly married women are supposed to know how to bake Lavash or they learn it later, as baking bread is a very essential part of village life.

Слайд 8

Lavash is the needful and the general ornaments of all holiday tables. There are national dishes in Armenian cuisine which are eaten only with Lavash . Another prominent feature of Lavash is versatility, which allows it to be used as a spoon, a plate, a pan or a napkin. As a proof that Armenian lavash bread is an important part of the history and culture of Armenia, in 2014 UNESCO included lavash in the list of intangible cultural heritage as an element of Armenian culture.

Слайд 9

Through out the ages, Lavash has not only occupied the highest place in Armenian cuisine, but also acquired the sacramental meaning. Many songs, poems and stories have been dedicated to Lavash , therefore we can proudly consider it one of the icons of Armenia. Armenian Lavash bread symbolizes Armenian’s life and wisdom. In ancient times, Lavash was used during battles, as it lasted long it saved the soldiers from starvation. Mathers were cooking L avash , dring and putting it in the bags of the soldiers.

Слайд 10

According to the Armenian mythology : Long ago in the beginning of time, the esteemed god of warriors Vahagn was to marry the goddess of love Astghik . At the wedding their most honorable guest, Aramazd , god of all gods, a white Lavash puts on the shoulder of Astghik to ensure the success of their marriage. On the way to the groom's house Lavash dropped from the bride's shoulder. Astghik was so excited at the prospect of her imminent marriage, that she didn't notice that Lavash had fallen off. This angered Aramazd and he told Astghik : "The one who drops bread on the floor can never be a wife and mother!" And the wedding was immediately cancelled. And so Vahagn and Astghik could not be married, and sadly they remained only lovers for the rest of their lives. shoulder and not to have an unhappy fate like Astghik

Слайд 12

According to another legend an Armenian lord has been imprisoned for 20 days and he must not eat anyhing , after that he must fight against the lion. Every day his bodyguard visited him bringing fresh lavash in the slot of belt secretly. The result is that ,the lord wins the lion. This shows, that Lavash has a great power for Armenians and it perceives as a holy relic in Armenian homes.

Слайд 1

Hurde - buddhist prayer drum Made by Darima Tsydypova , t he teacher of English

Слайд 2

It is a cylindrical product of wood or metal of absolutely any size – from a few centimeters to several meters. Inside it contains a rolled thin sheet of paper on which prayers are written, repeated a lot of times

Слайд 3

Since ancient times prayer drums have been an inseparable part of Buddhist culture. They were put up in immense numbers in Tibet and Mongolia, Nepal, Buryatia , Tuva , Kalmykia – everywhere where Buddhism became widespread. They were established within the monasteries, stupas and temples, as well as in the most visiting places. A prayer drum, regardless of its size, large or small, bronze or wooden, wind-powered or hand-held, can be a source of benefit to any person, whatever religion he or she belongs to. Even for the little man who has barely learned to walk and who does not even know who he is-a Buddhist or a Catholic, but he is already pulling his hands to the prayer drum, feeling the spirit of his good purpose…

Слайд 4

Buddhist legend about the appearance of hurde . A long time ago, when Buddha Shakyamuni did not come to our world, Buddhist Teachings of Tathagata Dipankara flourished on Earth. Once upon a time the king of Nagas , the inhabitants of the water element, came to him and asked Tathagata for a prayer for the welfare of all beings. In response to this request, the Buddha of Dipankara gave him a special drum filled with scrolls of sacred mantras. Nagi tenderly guarded this Hurde presented to them by Tathagata . And by rotating it, full of faith, they achieved great spiritual perfection.One day before the great Teacher Nagarjuna appeared Ariabala – the bodhisattva of Compassion. He ordered him immediately to go to the Kingdom of the Nagas and beg from the Lord Of the water element this prayer drum, which once, many millennia ago, gave him the Buddha Dipankara : "If you bring it, then all living beings of all Three Times will gain an unattractive benefit!". Mahasiddha Nagarjuna carried out this great request of Arabali . And since then, it has been passing from generation to generation, through many millennia, this tradition of honoring and rotation of Hurde , reached our days.

Слайд 5

It is said that the mere rotation of prayer drum with pure thoughts is equivalent to reading aloud of millions of mantras. The prayer drum brings peace and rest to the hearts of the people, whose faith gives harmony to the world, taming obstructing and harmful spirits

Слайд 6

Prayer drums can be of huge sizes – then they are installed on the territory of temples, stupas and pagodas – and can be small, compact, which can be stored at home or carried. Depending on the size, location, rotation methods, they can be: hand; stationary; water; fire; windscreen; electric.

Слайд 7

Hand drums are distinguished by their small size and compactness. They can be easily twisted by hands, and they can be moved from place to place..

Слайд 8

The largest hurde is settled in Tibet, in the ancient Chinese town of Dukezong . It weighs more than sixty tons, and a height of more than two dozen meters

Слайд 9

Stationary drums are installed in monasteries, and reach such huge dimensions that their rotation will require the forces of several people.

Слайд 10

In Buddhist texts, much is said about the benefits that people get when they take part in the creation and construction of the prayer drum. "Lucky ones are those who create a prayer drum with the OM MANI BADME HUM mantras or other mantras for the benefit of other beings," Panchen Lama IV emphasizes in his work, referring to Buddha Maitreya : “They gain and accumulate even more merit than it can be gained from reading a hundred thousand times ten million mantras. And the long-lived creatures, who will be touched by their shadow, are released from birth in the lower worlds at the same moment."

Слайд 11

To realize the miracles, you need to take up the pen and scroll it clockwise, as if following the sun. At the same time, the paper inside the drum, which means that the words applied to it, will also rotate. It turns out that the Buddhist repeatedly, rapidly and successively reads the prayers, not uttering a word.However , this is done not only to facilitate the task of praying. Mantra, moving around the circle acquires the right, favorable configuration, and flowing energy becomes seven more charged. How does it work?

Слайд 12

Buddhist practices suggest that the maximum energy storage and purification of karma need to scroll the drum 180 times. It is very important to tune in to a wave of kindness, purity, not forgetting to think about the good, about their loved ones, to wish happiness to all living creatures

Слайд 13

The bodhisattva of Wisdom Manjushri said: "Four defenders and Protectors of the Ten directions grant protection from all obstacles coming from all sides and angles of light to the person who rotates prayer drums.

Слайд 14

It is important to remember that in order to multiply the beneficial spiritual result from the rotation of the Hurde , it must be rotated with the correct, pure motivation – to wish happiness to all living creatures. After all, we ourselves are part of the ocean of countless beings to whom we wish the best in these moments. In present or future…

Слайд 15

THANK YOU!

Слайд 1

Object based learning The Bur yat kha dak

Слайд 2

… and blue waters of Baikal

Слайд 3

“Observation and conclusions of the object’s properties” Physical Features What is it like? It looks like a blue towel or a soft silk blue scarf, but it shouldn’t be used as a part of clothes. It can be put on the altar at home or in a hidden place. Also you can give it to any person you meet.

Слайд 4

“Observation and conclusions of the object’s properties How big can it be? The khadak shouldn’t be very big but 1,5 meters long. This shape is used just to present it as a sacral scarf and a towel with white food for guests.

Слайд 5

“Observation and conclusions of the object’s properties” Why is it blue? What can this color symbolize? The blue color symbolizes harmony and tranquility, kindness, loyalty, eternity, respect and man’s long life. It also means the crystal pure Baikal water. In the Mongolian world this color is the personification of the Eternal Blue Sky, high peaceful heaven, a sacral altar of Tengrins , Supreme Being. This Mongolian tribes’ cult was originated in ancient times. It’s also the symbol of male’s origin.

Слайд 6

“Observation and conclusions of the object’s properties” Function/Purpose What is it used for? The khadak as a towel with white food is used for receiving guest as a sign of respect, friendship and hospitality.

Слайд 7

“Observation and conclusions of the object’s properties” In what occasions is it used? Since ancient times till today the Buryats can present the khadak in any important events. It can be : a wedding ceremony, funeral, a kid’s birth, graduating from the university, treatment guests, a house building, Sagaalagan Celebration and so on. Dalay lama is known to give a blue khadak as a present to diplomats, guests and other monks demonstrating his pure intentions and the beginning of good relations and collaboration.

Слайд 8

“Observation and conclusions of the object’s properties” Does it have more than one function? It can be used as a towel with the white food and a sacral thing for religious rituals

Слайд 9

“Observation and conclusions of the object’s properties” Construction/Manufacturing Techniques Who made it? Khadaks are made by special workers in the Chinese monastery called Gum Bum, it’s a Buddhist monastery where they have their own khadak factory.

Слайд 10

“Observation and conclusions of the object’s properties” How was it made? Is it made by machine or by hand? Khadaks are made of silk by machine and khadaks for solemn occasions are embroidered by hand.

Слайд 11

“Observation and conclusions of the object’s properties” Value Does the object have monetary, spiritual, aesthetic, sentimental or practical value? The object doesn’t have monetary value. The object has spiritual value because it is used as a sacral thing for religious rituals. (Buddhist and Shaman). The object has aesthetic value because it looks nice and is like an original work of art for the Mongolian world. On the khadak you can see different ornaments which have spiritual meaning. I saw a khadak with embroidered ornaments. It’s really a piece of art!

Слайд 12

“Observation and conclusions of the object’s properties” Does the object have monetary, spiritual, aesthetic, sentimental or practical value? The object has sentimental value because it reflects the person’s good intentions, respect or maybe love towards other people. I think they are very important things for all people. I think the object doesn’t have practical value because it isn’t used every day but only in solemn occasions.

Слайд 13

“Observation and conclusions of the object’s properties” Does the object mean different things to different people? The khadak means different things to different people because in Buryatia and in the Buddhist world it can be used as a sacral attribute for religious purposes. For other cultures it isn’t known and they would consider it as part of clothes.

Слайд 14

“Observation and conclusions of the object’s properties” How does the object reflect the person, community, or culture that used or made it? (1) Every Buryat man or woman use the object in this very occasion as something valuable, I should say like a precious stone just to express their respect to guests. Since the Buryats are very hospitable people, they have a special ceremony of treating a guest, of course the object will be the first thing on which you’ll try the first Buryat dish, the so called “white food” made of sour clotted milk. (2) If you’d like to visit some Buryat sacred places you won’t be able to do it without the object because it’s the first thing to coax the spirits and send them your prayer message. You are asked to tie it to a tree or obo or burkhan . (Obo or burkhan can be a white Buddhist stupa , or a log pole with colorful ribbons tied, or it’s simply a tree or a bush with the same ribbons. In general it’s a place to worship. (3) Even you can see the khadak on the insignia of the Republic of Buryatia . At the bottom of the insignia there is a blue ribbon, you have already known how it is called. It’s a symbol of hospitality and respect, with the name of the republic in the Butyat and Russian languages.

Слайд 15

Mysterious Objects

Слайд 16

Use these expressions: I think … I believe… To my mind… I’m not sure but … In my opinion … I should say that … As far as I concerned… I can’t say for sure but I think… I’m afraid I’m wrong but I believe … I feel that … I’m sure that… I’ m quite sure that …

Слайд 17

Что собой представляет данный предмет? Язычковый деревянный духовой музыкальный инструмент с двойной тростью . На передней поверхности трубки имеется семь или восемь отверстий, на задней поверхности — одно или два .

Слайд 18

Physical Features What is it like? It’s like a wind musical instrument made of wood. (3 ) It’s like a double reed flute made of a special type of fruit tree. (5)

Слайд 19

Какую культуру представляет данный предмет? Вероятно название инструмента происходит от турецкого d ü d ü k . По другой версии, название « дудук » инструмент получил за внешнее сходство с дудкой , русским народным музыкальным инструментом.

Слайд 20

What culture can it belong to? It belongs to the Armenian culture (5) It was used by the peoples of Persia , Middle East , Asia Minor , the Balkans , Caucasus , Crimea . (3)

Слайд 21

Каково время появления данного предмета? Большинство ученых склоны считать, что история дудука насчитывает более 2 – 3 тыс. лет. По некоторым исследованиям полагается, что дудук впервые упоминается в письменностях государства Урарту.

Слайд 22

How old can it be? It’s one of the oldest instrument in the world . (4) Its origin can be traced back to before the time of Christ. (5) It was in the time of the country of Urartu . (5) ( IX – VI вв. до н. э)

Слайд 23

Почему у предмета такой цвет? Армянский дудук традиционно изготавливается из особой породы фруктового дерева, который в конечном результате имеет естественный цвет дерева или иногда мастера используют специальное покрытие, чтобы сделать цвет более насыщенным.

Слайд 24

Why has it got this color? Because it’s made of a special type of wood and may be covered with brown paint. (5)

Слайд 25

Почему используется такая форма? Такая форма инструмента образует звук в результате вибрации двух тростниковых пластин и регулируется посредством изменения давления воздуха на язычок инструмента, а также закрывания-открывания игровых отверстий. Этот особый вид фруктового дерево имеет свойство резонировать. Отсюда звуки дудука уникальны и неповторимые.

Слайд 26

Why is this shape used? To play a lovely piece of music. (3) To create very unique music sounds. (5)

Слайд 27

Что может символизировать данный предмет? Зачастую, при прослушивании мелодий дудука , возникает ощущение единения с Божественным началом, отречения от всего земного. Мелодии дудука чисты и естественны, в них сокрыта сущность мироздания. Известный композитор Арам Хачатурян однажды сказал, что дудук — это единственный инструмент, который заставляет его заплакать.

Слайд 28

What can the sounds of this object symbolize ? They reflect the soul of this nation. (5) the feelings as if you’re a part of the universe (5) They convey all sorrows and joy of Urartu people. (4) They symbolize the link with God (5)

Слайд 29

Кто может использовать данный предмет? Бархатный, дрожащий голос дудука сопровождает сегодня голливудские фильмы. Для дудука пишут музыку серьезные композиторы. Музыканты - любители учатся играть на этом уникальном инструменте. Дживан Гаспарян

Слайд 30

Function / Purpose Who can use it? Only some gifted musicians can use it to play at concerts. (5) Some film producers use this musical instrument in their famous blockbusters. (5) Some amateur ( любитель) musicians can use it (4) Dzhivan Gasparyan

Слайд 31

Для чего используют данный предмет? Дудук сопровождает народные песни и танцы, а также торжественные случаи: свадьбы, рождение ребенка, юбилеи. Музыка дудука также исполняется и на похоронных церемониях.

Слайд 32

Function / Purpose What is it used for? To play in solemn occasions (5) To play with an orchestra at concerts. (5)

Слайд 33

Имеет ли данный предмет более чем одну функцию? Дудук используется только в качестве музыкального инструмента. Его можно дарить как подарок, который стоит немалых денег. В 2005 году армянский дудук был признан шедевром Всемирного нематериального культурного наследия ЮНЕСКО.

Слайд 34

Does it have more than one function It can be used only as a musical instrument (5) It can be used as a present to your dear people (4) Today it’s a masterpiece of the world’s heritage (5)

Слайд 35

Кто изготавливает этот предмет? Дудук , музыка которого звучит в голливудском фильме или на мировой сцене, может изготовить только исключительно мастер - профессионал.

Слайд 36

Construction/Manufacturing Techniques Who made it? Special old Armenian handicraftsmen make it by hand (5)

Слайд 37

Из какого материала изготавливается дудук ? Армянский дудук изготавливается исключительно из абрикосового дерева, плоды которого впервые были привезены в Европу именно из Армении. Абрикосовое дерево обладает уникальной способностью резонировать. Сухое абрикосовое дерево

Слайд 38

Construction/Manufacturing Techniques What is it made of? The process of making is very special and difficult. They use only an apricot tree. (5)

Слайд 39

Three more important but difficult questions Value Does the object have monetary (), spiritual , aesthetic (), sentimental () or practical value? Does the object mean different things to different people? How does the object reflect the person, community, or culture that used or made it?

Слайд 40

Duduk music in Hollywood movies Zena – the Queen of Warrors

Слайд 41

Duduk music in Hollywood movies Gladiator

Слайд 42

Homework Value Does the object have monetary, spiritual, aesthetic, sentimental or practical value? Does the object mean different things to different people? How does the object reflect the person, community, or culture that used or made it?

Слайд 1

Object based method

Слайд 2

Guess the riddle! The steppe was empty all around. A house appeared in the steppe. The only wall of it was round. With no corner and Quick-Step* . * - Quick-Step laminate (a kind of flooring)

Слайд 3

The Buryat Yurt

Слайд 4

Observation and conclusions of the object’s properties Physical Features

Слайд 5

A yurt is a portable, circular dwelling made of a lattice of flexible poles and covered in felt or other fabric. It is usually over 2 meters (6 feet) high, with a slightly domed top rising another meter. A wood-burning iron stove sits in the middle of a traditional yurt. What is it like?

Слайд 6

Yurts are a part of Central Asian identity. Central Asian nomads historically moved for thousands of years. What culture can it belong to?

Слайд 7

How old can it be? The first written description of a yurt used as a dwelling was recorded by Herodotus of Halicarnassus, who lived in Greece between 484 and 424 BC. He described yurt-like tents as the dwelling place of the Scythians, a horse riding-nomadic nation who lived in the northern Black Sea and Central Asian region from around 600 BC to AD 300. Thus, the yurt was described in the first historical document in the world.

Слайд 8

Why has it got these colours? Traditional yurts consist of an expanding wooden circular frame carrying a felt cover. The felt is made from the wool of the flocks of sheep that accompany the pastoralists. Depending on availability, felt is additionally covered with canvas and/or sun-covers. All wooden ware of Buryat yurt was decorated with national patterns and ornaments. Buryats consider the psychological effect and energy of colors as a significant factor to human mood and behavioral being. All indoor colours should be combined each other. Buryats as Mongols used mostly red, yellow, green, blue and white colours. .

Слайд 9

What can these colours symbolize? Each colour had a significance. For example, red or luteous colors make warmness indoor like sun shining. Green is a symbol of long lasting friendship and collectiveness. .

Слайд 10

Why is this shape used? The circular shape of yurts makes them able to resist winds from any direction. The circular shape of yurts also allows them to be easily and efficiently heated and cooled. The toono, or crown opening, ensures that fresh air is continually circulated. A central stove provides heat evenly, and extra layers of felt can further insulate against the frigid winter of the steppe.

Слайд 11

Why is this shape used? Its round shape evokes the sky, the central pillars, particularly respected, symbolizing the cosmic axis, the connection between earth and heaven, root of all spiritual practice. Anciently sun movement through toono was used to determine what time it it. In yurt, negative energy is not accumulated in any corner or sharp angle due to its circle shape. It allows people to sleep well and relieve any frustration easily.

Слайд 12

Observation and conclusions of the object’s properties Function/Purpose

Слайд 13

Who can use it? The yurt is the traditional home of the nomadic Turkmen, the Kyrgyz, the Kazakhs, the Uzbeks, the Kalmyks, the Buryats and the Mongolians. Nowadays the yurt is used any person who wants to feel closer to mother Earth.

Слайд 14

What is it used for? Traditionally the yurt was used as guest house, extra bedroom, permanent home and storage. Today people use yurts for a variety of purposes, from full-time housing, yoga houses, to spa and even school rooms. Yurt may be used as cafés (especially those specialising in traditional food), museums (especially relating to national culture), souvenir shops and camping houses for tourists. There are even luxury yurt resorts.

Слайд 15

In all occasions of human’s life In what occasions is it used?

Слайд 16

Does it have more than one function? Yurt is a traditional home for the Buryats. The west side of the yurt was the male side, where the men sat and where their tools, saddles, and hunting kit were stored. The east was the female side, where the women sat and where their cooking utensils were kept. It is an art creature. Its structure reflected the practicality of the nomads who managed to create from the available materials a comfortable, quite perfect dwelling in the conditions of a nomadic life. The yurt is a complex creature of life sciences and traditional thoughts, it reflects ethical, aesthetic and philosophical representations of the people. The yurt was associated with the life of people. Buryats believed that the longevity of a person directly depended on the number of trees he had cut down or planted. There was also the belief that a built house has greatness and power, and if the greatness of the house turns out to be stronger than the power built by nature in the tenants of this house, they will live poorly, begin to ache, die. For well-being in a big house, it was necessary that the "life force" of a person be stronger than the "greatness" of the house.

Слайд 17

Observation and conclusions of the object’s properties Construction/Manufacturing Techniques

Слайд 18

Who made it? The Buryat yurt is a joint composition of various traditional symbols and national handcrafts by many specialized handcrafters including carpenters who make wooden wares of the yurt, painters who put national patterns and ornaments on, carvers, sewers, tailors and hand-makers who twist yurt’s belts and fasteners with wool, cattle hair or skin.

Слайд 19

The Buryat yurt consists of nine main parts. The framework of the walls is formed by interconnected folding wooden lattices , which determine the size and capacity of the dwelling. Each lattice of a common wall consists of flat slats , superimposed on each other by an oblique cage and fastened with ropes of horsehair . The core of the roof of the yurt forms a vault . Above the yurt is densely covered with felt . How was it made?

Слайд 20

Modern yurts may be permanently built on a wooden platform; they may use modern materials such as steam-bent wooden framing or metal framing, canvas or tarpaulin, Plexiglas dome, wire rope, or radiant insulation. How was it made?

Слайд 21

The proportions of the smoke box, the number of poles, the height of the lattice walls and the entire yurt, and the tradition of installing the door to the south - everything was subordinated to the rhythm of the movement of the sun. A yurt with 6 or below khanas can be dismantled or erected by 2 adult men within an hour.

Слайд 22

Erecting or dismantling yurt is sequenced in exact order. First of all, floor must be settled conveniently on which toono, iron/wooden chest and other heavier objects/furniture must placed. Then, door is placed, and lattice wall parts will be mounted from its right side rounding into left side. The oldest man or the oldest son in the family raise toono and enhance with columns while the other people start mounting poles between toono and khanas quickly. After the completion of mounting poles, upper and lower felt covers put on and around the yurt framing fully. As covered last textile coverings, belts are tightened around the yurt. The other fasteners and mobilization works are made additionally. Finally, interior curtain is hanged around the khana, and furniture is placed conveniently.

Слайд 23

Is it made by machine or by hand? What was once a structure only hand built by Mongolian nomads, yurts are now being built by many craftsmen and are now available from many different manufactures.

Слайд 24

Observation and conclusions of the object’s properties Value

Слайд 25

Does the object have monetary, spiritual, aesthetic, sentimental or practical value? The yurt has all of these kinds of values: Monetary value The family yurt is usually obtained as a gift from the brides parents on a couples marriage. Nowadays yurts are considered as personal and business space.

Слайд 26

Spiritual value To the Buryat people the yurt is more than just a simple dwelling, in its construction the whole universe is represented: The roof represents the sky and the smoke hole the sun. The hearth contains the five basic earth elements of earth, wood, fire, metal, and water (metal in the grate and water in the kettle). For the Buryat Mongols the fire contains the house deity and is therefore sacred, offerings are thrown on every morning. No rubbish is burned on the fire and outsiders should not take a light from it. The two upright roof poles supporting the crown are of symbolic importance rather than a structural necessity. The Mongolian people are predominantly Buddhist, and a shrine is set up opposite the door, people sleep with their heads towards this altar. In Muslim areas the people sleep in the opposite direction with their heads towards the south facing door, roughly the direction of Mecca.

Слайд 27

Aesthetic and cultural value In 2013, the “traditional craftsmanship of the Mongol Ger (yurt) and its associated customs” was recognized as a part of our Intangible Cultural Heritage by UNESCO. Sentimental value Today the yurt is seen as a nationalistic symbol among many Central Asian groups.

Слайд 28

Practical value The yurt is a sturdy, reliable type of tent, allows to withstand earthquakes, strong winds and heavy snowfall. The building beams and fabrics are environmentally friendly, and can be completely sustainable. The portability of a yurt is an attractive feature for those who want to experiment with mountain, forest or beach living without committing to a permanent structure. Yurts can be used for basically anything, basically anywhere.

Слайд 29

Does the object mean different things to different people? For some people the yurt is a part of their history, culture, their native home. For others it is just an element of other strange national culture.

Слайд 30

How does the object reflect the person, community, or culture that used or made it? The designs incorporated within traditional Yurts reflect the deeply diverse spiritual and cultural influences which strech across the vast and fascinating region in which Yurts are found. From Buddhist symbols, to Taoist sages to animist shamanic spiritual contexts, all found their place in the diversity of the tribal cultures assimilated into the nomadic life of the Yurt dwellers. The Yurt has immense cultural significance in Central Asia and features on the national flags of Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan.

Слайд 31

The western side is the domain of the men, male visitors and honoured guests sit this side, where saddles, tools and airag (fermented mares milk) are kept. The women and children use the eastern side, where rugs, bedding, food, cutlery, crockery and water are stored. Servants, poor visitors and any sick or very young animals that need nursing sit near the entrance.

Слайд 1

Method of projects in teaching NRC in English. Tsydypova D.G. the tea cher of E nglish

Слайд 2

Basis School curriculum Federal component 1-4 forms- 80% 5-9 forms-60% 10-11 forms-40% It provides for the unity of the educational space on the territory of Russia and guarantees the graduates the getting of basic knowledge, skills and practice. Regional-school component 1-4 forms-20% 5-9 forms-40% 10-11 forms-60% It gives the opportunity to schools to introduce subjects where students can learn the history, customs and traditions of their region.

Слайд 3

Foreign language is included into federal component realises regional-school component

Слайд 4

National-regional component Presentations and lessons on NRC. contests projects Scientific and research activity Summer Linguistic camp Books on Buraytia

Слайд 5

The aims of regional-school component • to enlarge students’ knowledge about Buryatia , Kyakhtinsky district, lake Baikal and others ; • to study history, customs , traditions of Buryatia ; • to form the feelings of respect to the traditions and customs of every nation, living in Buryatia . • to bring up the culture of international communication, patriotism and tolerance.

Слайд 6

Project “Welcome to Kyahkta ”

Слайд 7

Actuality Russia is integrating into the world community and the problem of learning English for the purpose of communication is especially urgent today . Learning of the regional component is very actual for people living in Kyakhta and Kyakhtinsky district as it is located on the Russian- Mongolian border and there is an international motor-way transition Kyakhta-Altan-Bulak . The information tourist centre is planned to be created in Kyakhta . It is neccesary to teach students not only to communicate with foriegners but to represent the history,traditions,customs of people living in Buryatia .

Слайд 8

• Participants of the project : pupils of the 8th form. • The aims of the project: - t o enlarge the pupils’ knowledge about Kyakhta and Kyakhtisky district; - to teach to represent our district in English; -to bring up the feelings of pride for our native land;

Слайд 9

The first stage ● Suggestion of the themes. ● The choice of problems, problems of the project. ● The main task of the first stage is to include all the pupils into the work over the project, it is necessary to cause interest of every pupil.

Слайд 10

1. Coordination of the general line o f the project. Forming of the groups. Making of the detailed plan of work on the project. Discussion of the ways to collect information and research work. 2. According to the number of the themes the class can be divided into 3-5 groups. Each group consisted of pupils with different language skills. The pupils visited Kyakhta , the museum by Obruchev , datsan “ Baldan-Breibun .”After visiting Kyakhta the pupils wrote a composition “Sandy Venice” at the Russian lesson. The second stage.

Слайд 11

The themes of the project. 1. The history of Kyakhta 2. Sightseeings of Kyakhta . 3 . Datsan “ Baldan-Breibun ” 4. Resort “ Kiran ” 5. My native village “Bain- Bulak ”

Слайд 12

The third stage ● The defence of the projects.Discussion and analysis of the collected information.. Making booklets and posters. Preparing for the final lesson. Presentation of the project. ● The results were presented as plane-tables “ “The history of Kyakhta ” , datsan ‘ Baldan-Breibun ” ,booklets- advertisments Resort “ Kiran ”, invitation-advertisement “Welcome to Bain- Bulak ”, “ Surkharban”,virtual excursion to local historical museum in Kyakhta at the final lesson

Слайд 13

Welcome to Kyakhta

Слайд 14

The history of Kyakhta . Kyakhta is an ancient town on the Russian- Mongolian border in the south of republic Buryatia.The prehistory of Kyakhta - Troitskosavsk began in the times of Peter I . He sent the diplomatic mission with F.A. Golovin and a treaty in Nerchinsk in 1689 was signed, but it had no results. 30 years later Katherine I sent a new embassy to the Chinese border with Savva Lukich Vladislavich-Raguzinsky at the head, the Burinsky treaty was signed in 1727. The New Trinity fortress, designed by Raguzinsky,was built on the river Kyakhta in 1727 and so the history of Troitskosavsk began.

Слайд 15

Kyakhta’s coat of arms . From the oldest times the towns and cities had their own symbols. So Kyakhta and Troitskosavsk had their coats of arms. Coat of arms of Kyakhta is an azure shield with an alienated head of dragon and 4 golden shingles. The Chinese consider 3-headed dragon as the sign of trade and golden shingles mean gold ingots. In old times the Europeans believed that dragon was the symbol of horror and evil. In Russia dragon was known as a snake and wicked forces opposed Russia. Coat of arms of Troitskosavsk is also a shield where you can see two horsemen- the Cossack and the Buryat , horn of abundance and ermine with a fox in the mouth. We can suppose that ermine with fox meant “Fur trade” which made Troitskosavsk rich. Horn of abundance was a symbol of prosperity .

Слайд 1

Method of projects in teaching NRC in English. Tsydypova D.G. the tea cher of E nglish

Слайд 2

Basis School curriculum Federal component 1-4 forms- 80% 5-9 forms-60% 10-11 forms-40% It provides for the unity of the educational space on the territory of Russia and guarantees the graduates the getting of basic knowledge, skills and practice. Regional-school component 1-4 forms-20% 5-9 forms-40% 10-11 forms-60% It gives the opportunity to schools to introduce subjects where students can learn the history, customs and traditions of their region.

Слайд 3

Foreign language is included into federal component realises regional-school component

Слайд 4

National-regional component Presentations and lessons on NRC. contests projects Scientific and research activity Summer Linguistic camp Books on Buraytia

Слайд 5

The aims of regional-school component • to enlarge students’ knowledge about Buryatia , Kyakhtinsky district, lake Baikal and others ; • to study history, customs , traditions of Buryatia ; • to form the feelings of respect to the traditions and customs of every nation, living in Buryatia . • to bring up the culture of international communication, patriotism and tolerance.

Слайд 6

Project “Welcome to Kyahkta ”

Слайд 7

Actuality Russia is integrating into the world community and the problem of learning English for the purpose of communication is especially urgent today . Learning of the regional component is very actual for people living in Kyakhta and Kyakhtinsky district as it is located on the Russian- Mongolian border and there is an international motor-way transition Kyakhta-Altan-Bulak . The information tourist centre is planned to be created in Kyakhta . It is neccesary to teach students not only to communicate with foriegners but to represent the history,traditions,customs of people living in Buryatia .

Слайд 8

• Participants of the project : pupils of the 8th form. • The aims of the project: - t o enlarge the pupils’ knowledge about Kyakhta and Kyakhtisky district; - to teach to represent our district in English; -to bring up the feelings of pride for our native land;

Слайд 9

The first stage ● Suggestion of the themes. ● The choice of problems, problems of the project. ● The main task of the first stage is to include all the pupils into the work over the project, it is necessary to cause interest of every pupil.

Слайд 10

1. Coordination of the general line o f the project. Forming of the groups. Making of the detailed plan of work on the project. Discussion of the ways to collect information and research work. 2. According to the number of the themes the class can be divided into 3-5 groups. Each group consisted of pupils with different language skills. The pupils visited Kyakhta , the museum by Obruchev , datsan “ Baldan-Breibun .”After visiting Kyakhta the pupils wrote a composition “Sandy Venice” at the Russian lesson. The second stage.

Слайд 11

The themes of the project. 1. The history of Kyakhta 2. Sightseeings of Kyakhta . 3 . Datsan “ Baldan-Breibun ” 4. Resort “ Kiran ” 5. My native village “Bain- Bulak ”

Слайд 12

The third stage ● The defence of the projects.Discussion and analysis of the collected information.. Making booklets and posters. Preparing for the final lesson. Presentation of the project. ● The results were presented as plane-tables “ “The history of Kyakhta ” , datsan ‘ Baldan-Breibun ” ,booklets- advertisments Resort “ Kiran ”, invitation-advertisement “Welcome to Bain- Bulak ”, “ Surkharban”,virtual excursion to local historical museum in Kyakhta at the final lesson

Слайд 13

Welcome to Kyakhta

Слайд 14

The history of Kyakhta . Kyakhta is an ancient town on the Russian- Mongolian border in the south of republic Buryatia.The prehistory of Kyakhta - Troitskosavsk began in the times of Peter I . He sent the diplomatic mission with F.A. Golovin and a treaty in Nerchinsk in 1689 was signed, but it had no results. 30 years later Katherine I sent a new embassy to the Chinese border with Savva Lukich Vladislavich-Raguzinsky at the head, the Burinsky treaty was signed in 1727. The New Trinity fortress, designed by Raguzinsky,was built on the river Kyakhta in 1727 and so the history of Troitskosavsk began.

Слайд 15

Kyakhta’s coat of arms . From the oldest times the towns and cities had their own symbols. So Kyakhta and Troitskosavsk had their coats of arms. Coat of arms of Kyakhta is an azure shield with an alienated head of dragon and 4 golden shingles. The Chinese consider 3-headed dragon as the sign of trade and golden shingles mean gold ingots. In old times the Europeans believed that dragon was the symbol of horror and evil. In Russia dragon was known as a snake and wicked forces opposed Russia. Coat of arms of Troitskosavsk is also a shield where you can see two horsemen- the Cossack and the Buryat , horn of abundance and ermine with a fox in the mouth. We can suppose that ermine with fox meant “Fur trade” which made Troitskosavsk rich. Horn of abundance was a symbol of prosperity .

Слайд 16

Savva Lukich Vladislavich - Raguzinsky (1669-1737). Savva Raguzinsky , the founder of Kyakhta , was the Serb from the old Bosnian princely family in Raguza . His main activity was trade in Constantinopol . He was the secret agent of Russian ambassadors in Constantinopol . In 1708 Raguzinsky moved in Russia, he was given a mansion in Moscow and 3 villages in Ukraine for his service to Russia. Peter I made him outhouse adviser and Katherine I awarded him the rank of State adviser for his merits and devotion to Russia. Thanks to Savva Raguzinsky a new treaty with China, Burinsky treaty , then Kyakhtinsky treaty were signed and the history of Russian- Chinese trade began. Russia became the second Motherland for Raguzinsky , he devoted most of his life to Russia and its prosperity. He was awarded by the Order of Alexander Nevsky for his diplomatic activity. Savva Vladislavich – Raguzinsky died in St. Petersburg in 1738.

Слайд 17

Places to visit in Kyakhta . Kyakhta is an ancient town on the Russian-Mongolian border in the south of Buryatia . It can boasts its historical sightseeings , architecture of the 18-19 th centuries. Today Kyakhta has a status of “ Historical town of Russia. ” Uspensky cathedral The stone Uspensky cathedral is the latest cult construction of Troitskosavsk . This church was built in 1888, a merchant of the 1 st guild U.A. Nemchinov sponsored the building of the church. .

Слайд 18

Voskresensky cathedral (1838), Sloboda . The wooden Voskresensky cathedral was built in the middle of the 18 th century. The stone cathedral appeared in the 19 th century, in 1838. It is an outstanding example of Russian classical architecture designed by Moscow architect Grigory Gerasimov . There were no churches richer and more beautiful than Voskresensky Cathedral in Zabaikalye and Siberia.The icon place was made of golden bronze, there were crystal columns and silver gates. The cathedral became a symbol of trade prosperity.

Слайд 19

The Trading Rows. The Trading Rows haven ’ t lost the role as the shopping centre of Kyakhta .

Слайд 20

Gostiny Ryady . Gostiny Ryady is a monumental building in the centre of the town. During the Great fire of 1843 the wooden building burnt and the new stone Gostiny Ryady were built in 1853.Now it is a beautiful building with eleven arches and columns.

Слайд 1

Merchant M.M.Kokovin ’ s mansion As we know Kyakhta was a merchant town. Here you can see merchant M.M. Kokovin ’ s mansion. It is the typical merchant house of those times. As you see it is a two storeyed wooden house surrounded by the stone walls with arch-gates. Today it is the building of a branch of the Technological University.

Слайд 2

Datsan “ Baldan-Breibun ” Datsan”Baldan-Breibun ” is the oldest Buddhist temple on the territory of Russia. Datsan was built in 1741 , since that time Buddhism has become the state religion in Russia. In 1991 our republic celebrated the 250-th anniversary of buddhism in Russia. Datsan is situated not far from the village Murochy,on the right bank of the Chikoy , 60 km. far from Kyakhta .

Слайд 3

Dugan near Arangin-Aryabala

Слайд 4

Sacred rock Arangin-Aryabala Not far from the datsan Baldan - Breibun you can find one of the two sacred places in the world “ Arangin Aryabala ” . You can see the words of buddhist prayer on the rock. They say that it is the “ Sign of Buddha ” , it was discovered two hundred years ago. The second sacred place is situated in Nepal. Prayers are held every year near this place, a lot of people come to pray.

Слайд 5

The local History museum by name V.A.Obruchev The local History museum is a unique due to its history and exhibits. Do you know who was the museum founded by? When was it founded? It was founded in 1890. The teachers of the real secondary school, woman gymnasium and representatives of the local intelligentsia promoted the opening of the museum. The first collection consisted of 310 exhibits. There are 13 departments: ethnographical, archeological, historical, anthropological, natural history, numismatics and etc. I think we must be proud of our History museum, it’s a treasure of unique exhibits. There is no such a museum in Buryatia .

Слайд 6

The foyer of the museum

Слайд 7

“The activity of Russian geographical society”

Слайд 8

Introductory complex.

Слайд 9

The history of trade

Слайд 10

Obruchev Vladimir Afanasyevich (1863-1956) Do you know why the museum got the name after V.A.Obruchev ? What was he famous for? V.A. Obruchev was a famous Russian geologist and geographer, who explored Mongolia, China, Altai, the south-east of Zabaikalye . He is an author of many scientific works: “ The geology of Siberia” , “The history of geological exploration of Siberia” and others. V.A. Obruchev is also famous for his science- fiction books as “ Plutonia ” , “ The Sannikov’s land” . He visited Kyakhta for the first time in 1892 on his way to China, when he took part in the expedition of G.N.Potanin as a young engineer. Later Obruchev visited Kyakhta several times, he organized his own expeditions to Mongolia, China and Zabaikalye . Then he became the honoured member of Troitskosavsk Russian geographical society. He sponsored and supported the museum when it had difficulties. The scientist helped the History museum of Kyakhta during all his life, he granted the museum a wonderful collection of mountain rocks.( горные породы ) In 1940 , when the museum was 50, it was named after academician V.A. Obruchev .

Слайд 11

Resort “ Kiran ” The resort Kiran is one of the oldest in the Republic of Buryatia . In 1825 the first mud baths were built. Merchants of Kyakhta,known as the richest in tsarist Russia, often had a rest and came to cure their deseases . There are mud baths only in Kiran , it is the only centre of such kind in Buryatia and one of four in the Eastern Siberia and the far East. Herapeutic muds of Kiran are used for the treatment of diseases of the musculoskeletal system, the muscular system, peripheral nervous system, skin diseases, urogenital system diseases, consequences of injuries, fractures. The resort is located in 300 km far from Ulan-Ude and 30 km far from Kyakhta on the shore of lake Kiran .

Слайд 12

Thank you!