Методическая разработка "Проблемно-эвристический урок английского языка в 10 классе"
методическая разработка по английскому языку (10 класс)
Предмет: английский язык
Класс: 10
Тема: «English in the Third Millennium» («Английский язык в третьем тысячелетии»)
Цель: Познакомить учащихся с историческим развитием английского языка, его значением как мирового средства коммуникации, раскрыть сущность понятий Standard и Slang, актуализировать имеющиеся знания. Развить у учащихся умения анализировать информацию, аргументировать свою позицию и делать выводы, а также сформировать навыки эффективной работы в парах.
Задачи:
- Познакомить уч-ся с историей английского языка, рассмотреть значимость языка в мировом цивилизационном сообществе, раскрыть понятия стилей английского языка (Standart vs. Slang), актуализировать имеющиеся у учащихся знания.
- Формировать умения анализировать полученную информацию, приводить аргументы, делать выводы, используя средства логической связи.
- Формировать навыки работы в парах.
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Проблемно-эвристический урок английского языка в 10 классе
Авторы: Кремнева Алена Сергеевна, учитель английского языка высшей квалификационной категории; Шайдуллина Ландыш Миннафиковна, учитель английского языка высшей квалификационной категории; Султанова Айгуль Азатовна, учитель английского языка первой квалификационной категории.
Предмет: английский язык
Класс: 10
Тема: «English in the Third Millennium» («Английский язык в третьем тысячелетии»)
Цель: Познакомить учащихся с историческим развитием английского языка, его значением как мирового средства коммуникации, раскрыть сущность понятий Standard и Slang, актуализировать имеющиеся знания. Развить у учащихся умения анализировать информацию, аргументировать свою позицию и делать выводы, а также сформировать навыки эффективной работы в парах.
Задачи:
- Познакомить уч-ся с историей английского языка, рассмотреть значимость языка в мировом цивилизационном сообществе, раскрыть понятия стилей английского языка (Standart vs. Slang), актуализировать имеющиеся у учащихся знания.
- Формировать умения анализировать полученную информацию, приводить аргументы, делать выводы, используя средства логической связи.
- Формировать навыки работы в парах.
Учебно-методическое обеспечение: компьютер, экран, словарь современного английского языка, интернет ресурсы.
Время реализации занятия: 1 час 30 мин.
Проблемное утверждение:
Some people insist on that we should speak clear and correct English while younger generation uses a lot of slang in their speech and think that they are making the language more colorful this way.
Проблемные вопросы:
- What is modern English? What should it be like?
- What is the history of English?
- What is Standard English? What is RP? What is Slang?
- Why is English supposed to be a global lingua franca? What language do you need?
Занятие проводится с использованием кейс-метода.
По времени проведения занятие рассчитано на 1,5 часа.
На начальном этапе основная роль принадлежит учителю: формулировка темы, введение в материал, обозначение круга проблем, которые необходимо будет решать ученикам, формирование мини-групп, разъяснение правил работы с кейсом. Далее учитель исполняет роль ведущего, генерирующего вопросы, фиксирующего ответы, поддерживающего дискуссию, т.е в роли тьютора процесса сотворчества.
В качестве домашней работы по окончании занятия можно задать написание эссе – выражение собственного мнения по высказыванию, опираясь на информацию, полученную в результате изучения кейса.
План урока английского языка в 10 классе на тему «Английский язык в третьем тысячелетии» с использованием кейс-метода:
1.Актуальность темы
2.Эпиграф. Комментирование цитаты учащимися
3. Предположение возможных ответов на вопросы викторины-теста
4. Самостоятельное чтение текста с ответами на вопросы викторины и проверка своих предположений
5. Мозговой штурм – выдвижение идей учащихся по проблемным вопросам урока
6. Запрос необходимой информации, изучение банка информации (текстов), поиск ответов в группах
7. Коллективные ответы учащихся на проблемные вопросы
8.Постановка проблемного выражения.
Обсуждение.
Определение собственного мнения учащимися по данному вопросу: «Многие люди утверждают, что современный английский язык должен быть чистым и правильным, в то время как молодое поколение предпочитает использовать в своей речи много сленга, аргументируя это приданием языку колоритности».
Поиск аргументов в справочных материалах (работа в группах)
9. Группы представляют свое мнение по проблеме.
10.Сопоставление противоположных мнений, выделение аргументов.
11. Выражение несогласия (согласия) с мнением других групп, используя средства логической связи ((case file)
12. Выступление каждой группы с заключительным словом, с контр аргументом и выводом (по плану эссе-выражение собственного мнения по проблемному высказыванию - задание С2 ЕГЭ)
.13. Подведение итогов занятия, повторное обращение к эпиграфу урока.
Материалы кейса (открываются через гиперссылки):
- История происхождения английского языка
- Английский язык как средство межэтнического общения
- Понятие «Современный английский язык»
- Понятие «Сленг»
- Примеры сленга
- Список средств логической связи
Case files:
1. English in modern life
2. RP English
3. Slang Wikipedia
4. SMS abbreviations
5. The history of English
6. Quiz, English in the Third Millennium
7. Standard, Slang
Ход занятия:
1.Вводно-мотивационный этап.
Today a great number of people of different age use the English language. Only half of these people speak English as their first language. About the same number use it as a second language. It is an official language in 44 countries. In many others it is the language of business, commerce and technology. Many books and papers in special fields are in English. As a result, specialists in these fields often learn English. Besides, specialists from different countries use their English for international communication.
2.Quote:
Correct English is the slang of prigs who write history and essays. And the strongest slang of all is the slang of poets.
George Eliot
( English novelist)
Comment on this statement.
3.Now try to answer the questions in the quiz.
1.How many people spoke English in 1000AD?
a) 2 million b) 12 million d) 20 million
2. How many people speak it now?
a) 200 million b) 500 million c)a billion
3. What percentage of the world’s e-mails is in English?
a) 50% b) 80% c) 90%
4. How many languages are there in the world?
a) 4,000 b) 6,500 c) 9,000
4.Read the text and check your guesses (English in the Third Millennium)
5.Now let’s try to answer these questions:
What is modern English? What should it be like?
What is the history of English?
What is Standard English? What is RP? What is Slang?
Why is English supposed to be a global lingua franca?
What language do you need?
6,7. Let’s apply to some reference material (case files)
- Split into groups and study the information files
- Answer the questions using information from the texts
8. Statement:
Some people insist on that we should speak clear and correct English while younger generation uses a lot of slang in their speech and think that they are making the language more colorful this way[2].
Comment on the statement. Express your opinion giving arguments. Make use of the reference material you have. Find arguments there.
9. Present your opinion
10. Let’s juxtapose your opinions
Arguments
Opinion1 Opinion2
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
11. Think of arguments of your opponents you don’t agree (agree) with. Use linking words (reference material)
12. Present your group opinion according to the following plan:
-state the problem
-express your opinion giving arguments
-express the opinion of other groups with their arguments
- say why you don’t agree with them (counter plea)
-conclusion
13. Thank you for your opinions and let’s agree to disagree. So, keep in mind the saying of George Eliot:
“Correct English is the slang of prigs who write history and essays. And the strongest slang of all is the slang of poets.”
Литература, использованная для разработки урока:
- Opportunities, Longman Pearson, 2008
- Фоменко И.А., И.Б. Долгопольская, Н.В. Черникова Английский язык. Подготовка к ЕГЭ, изд. Легион,2011
- Wikipedia – online энциклопедия
- www.ego4u.com
Приложение 1
English in the Third Millennium
Two thousand years ago English did not exist. A thousand years ago it was a language used by less than two million people. Now it is the most influential language in the world, spoken by more than a billion people on the planet. English currently dominates science, business, the mass media and popular culture. For example, 80% of e-mails on the Internet are in English. But where will English be at the end of the third millennium?
One view is that English is going to become even more important as a global lingua franca, dominating the world’s trade and media while most other languages will become localized or just die out. At present, over half the world’s 6,500 languages are in danger of extinction. Another view is that English is really breaking up, as Latin did, into several separate languages. There are already dictionaries of the ‘New Englishes’, such as Australian English, full of words that a British English speaker would not recognize.
Hopefully, neither of these things will happen. Although different varieties of English will continue to develop around the world, standard English will survive for international communication. In addition, the frightening prospect of a culturally uniform world totally dominated by one language is impossible. Already, other languages are fighting back against the iron grip of English on the Net. Governments around the world are also starting to protect smaller languages and recognize the importance of cultural and linguistic diversity. English will probably stay in control for a long time, at least while the USA remains the top superpower, but it definitely won’t become the only language in the world.
Приложение 2
English Language In Modern Life
Today nearly 600 million people around the world use the English language. Only half of these people speak English as their first language. About the same number use it as a second language. It is an official language in 44 countries. In many others it is the language of business, commerce and technology. Why is English useful for international communication?
- For one thing, many books and papers in special fields are in English. As a result, specialists in these fields often learn English. Besides, specialists from different countries use their English for international communication. English is truly a world language.
Imagine you are a doctor of medicine from Japan. You are at an international meeting in Switzerland. You want to communicate with a doctor from Senegal. What language do you speak with him? - English , of course.
If you know a foreign language you can communicate with people from other countries, read special literature and use the language for contacts with specialists in different countries.
Приложение 3
What is English? History of the English Language A short history of the origins and development of English The history of the English language really started with the arrival of three Germanic tribes who invaded Britain during the 5th century AD. These tribes, the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes, crossed the North Sea from what today is Denmark and northern Germany. At that time the inhabitants of Britain spoke a Celtic language. But most of the Celtic speakers were pushed west and north by the invaders - mainly into what is now Wales, Scotland and Ireland. The Angles came from "Englaland" [sic] and their language was called "Englisc" - from which the words "England" and "English" are derived.
Old English (450-1100 AD) The invading Germanic tribes spoke similar languages, which in Britain developed into what we now call Old English. Old English did not sound or look like English today. Native English speakers now would have great difficulty understanding Old English. Nevertheless, about half of the most commonly used words in Modern English have Old English roots. The words be, strong and water, for example, derive from Old English. Old English was spoken until around 1100. Middle English (1100-1500)
In 1066 William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy (part of modern France), invaded and conquered England. The new conquerors (called the Normans) brought with them a kind of French, which became the language of the Royal Court, and the ruling and business classes. For a period there was a kind of linguistic class division, where the lower classes spoke English and the upper classes spoke French. In the 14th century English became dominant in Britain again, but with many French words added. This language is called Middle English. It was the language of the great poet Chaucer (c1340-1400), but it would still be difficult for native English speakers to understand today. Modern English Early Modern English (1500-1800) Towards the end of Middle English, a sudden and distinct change in pronunciation (the Great Vowel Shift) started, with vowels being pronounced shorter and shorter. From the 16th century the British had contact with many peoples from around the world.
This, and the Renaissance of Classical learning, meant that many new words and phrases entered the language. The invention of printing also meant that there was now a common language in print. Books became cheaper and more people learned to read. Printing also brought standardization to English. Spelling and grammar became fixed, and the dialect of London, where most publishing houses were, became the standard. In 1604 the first English dictionary was published. Late Modern English (1800-Present) The main difference between Early Modern English and Late Modern English is vocabulary. Late Modern English has many more words, arising from two principal factors: firstly, the Industrial Revolution and technology created a need for new words; secondly, the British Empire at its height covered one quarter of the earth's surface, and the English language adopted foreign words from many countries. Varieties of English From around 1600, the English colonization of North America resulted in the creation of a distinct American variety of English. Some English pronunciations and words "froze" when they reached America. In some ways, American English is more like the English of Shakespeare than modern British English is. Some expressions that the British call "Americanisms" are in fact original British expressions that were preserved in the colonies while lost for a time in Britain (for example trash for rubbish, loan as a verb instead of lend, and fall for autumn; another example, frame-up, was re-imported into Britain through Hollywood gangster movies). Spanish also had an influence on American English (and subsequently British English), with words like canyon, ranch, stampede and vigilante being examples of Spanish words that entered English through the settlement of the American West. French words (through Louisiana) and West African words (through the slave trade) also influenced American English (and so, to an extent, British English). Today, American English is particularly influential, due to the USA's dominance of cinema, television, popular music, trade and technology (including the Internet). But there are many other varieties of English around the world, including for example Australian English, New Zealand English, Canadian English, South African English, Indian English and Caribbean English. |
Приложение 4
Standard and Slang
The English language has several levels of usage which differ in the degree of formality or informality. There are different opinions on what to include in these levels, and the boundaries between them are not always clear. The following overview should give you a general idea of what these levels are.
Formal English
Formal English is used in polite conversation with strangers in formal situations as well as in formal and business correspondence. Formal English is very correct and follows grammar rules very strictly. Its vocabulary is quite complicated.
Standard English
Standard English is used by the majority of native speakers in formal and informal situations with strangers, coworkers, friends and family in both speech and writing. It is the language of general use. Standard English is polite, friendly, and correct in grammar, pronunciation, and the choice of words.
Informal English
Informal English (everyday, conversational, colloquial English) is close to Standard English and is used by the majority of native speakers in informal situations with coworkers, friends and family, mostly in oral communication. It is the ordinary, everyday language of literate people in conversation. Grammar and vocabulary are simpler, and a lot of everyday idioms are used.
Slang
Slang (non-standard, unconventional language) is very informal use of words and phrases for more colorful or peculiar style of expression that is shared by the people in the same social subgroup, for example, computer slang, sports slang, military slang, musicians' slang, students' slang, underworld slang. Slang is not used by the majority of native speakers, and many people consider it vulgar, though quite a few slang phrases have already come into standard usage. Slang contains many obscene and offensive words and phrases. It also has many expressions that are acceptable in informal communication. Slang is highly idiomatic.
Which of these language levels should we choose?
Keep in mind that academic English, that is, the language that is studied in educational institutions, is usually more formal than the language in real life. Why?
Приложение 5
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Received Pronunciation (RP) is the standard accent of Standard English in Great Britain, with a relationship to regional accents similar to the relationship in other European languages between their standard varieties and their regional forms. RP is defined in the Concise Oxford Dictionary as "the standard accent of English as spoken in the south of England", although some have argued that it can be heard from native speakers throughout England and Wales. Although there is nothing intrinsic about RP that marks it as superior to any other variety, sociolinguistic factors have given Received Pronunciation particular prestige in parts of Britain. It has thus been the accent of those with power, money and influence since the early to mid 20th century, though it has more recently been criticised as a symbol of undeserved privilege. However, since the 1960s, a greater permissiveness towards allowing regional English varieties has taken hold in education and the media in Britain; in some contexts conservative RP is now perceived negatively.
It is important not to confuse the notion of Received Pronunciation, as a standard accent, with the standard variety of the English language used in England that is given names such as "Standard English", "the Queen's English", "Oxford English" or "BBC English". The study of RP is concerned exclusively with pronunciation, while study of the standard language is also concerned with matters such as grammar, vocabulary and style.
Приложение 6
Slang
Ace - If something is ace it is awesome. I used to hear it a lot in Liverpool. Kids thought all cool stuff was ace, or brill.
All right? - This is used a lot around London and the south to mean, "Hello, how are you"? You would say it to a complete stranger or someone you knew. The normal response would be for them to say "All right"? back to you. It is said as a question. Sometimes it might get expanded to "all right mate"? Mostly used by blue collar workers but also common among younger people.
Any road - Up north (where they talk funny!!) instead of saying anyway, they say "any road"! Weird huh?
As well - You chaps say also when we would say "too" or "as well". For instance if my friend ordered a Miller Lite, I would say "I'll have one as well". I often heard people saying something like "I'll have one also". You'd be more likely to hear someone in England ordering a pint of lager!
Baccy - Tobacco. The sort you use to roll your own.
Bang - Nothing to do with your hair - this is a rather unattractive way of describing having sex. Always gets a smile from Brits in American hair dressers when they are asked about their bangs.
Barmy - If someone tells you that you're barmy they mean you have gone mad or crazy. For example you'd have to be barmy to visit England without trying black pudding!
Beastly - You would call something or somebody beastly if they were really nasty or unpleasant. Most people would consider you a snob or an upper class git if you used this word. People like Fergie can get away with it though.
Dishy - If someone is a bit of a dish or a bit dishy it means they are attractive or good looking.
DIY - This is short for do it yourself and applies not just to the DIY stores but also to anything that you need to do yourself. For example, if we get really bad service in a restaurant (oh, you noticed!) then we might ask the waiter if it is a DIY restaurant - just to wind them up.
Do - A party. You would go to a do if you were going to a party in the UK.
Do - If you go into a shop and say "do you do batteries?" it means "do you sell batteries".
Приложение 7
SMS abbreviations | |||
@ | at | MOB | mobile |
AFAIK | as far as I know | MSG | message |
ATB | all the best | MYOB | mind your own business |
B | be | NE1 | anyone |
BBL | be back late(r) | NO1 | no one |
BCNU | be seeing you | OIC | oh I see |
B4 | before | PCM | please call me |
BRB | be right back | PLS | please |
BTW | by the way | PPL | people |
C | see | RUOK | are you okay? |
CUL8R | see you later | SIT | stay in touch |
F2F | face to face | SPK | speak |
F2T | free to talk | THKQ | thank you |
FYI | for your information | TTYL | talk to you |
GAL | get a life | TX | thanks |
GR8 | great | U | you |
HAND | have a nice day | WAN2TLK | want to talk? |
H8 | hate | W/ | with |
IC | I see | WKND | weekend |
ILUVU | I love you | WU | what's up? |
IMHO | in my humble opinion | X | kiss |
JIC | just in case | XLNT | excellent |
JK | just kidding | XOXOX | hugs and kisses |
KIT | keep in touch | YR | your |
KWIM | know what I mean | 2NITE | tonight |
L8R | later | 3SUM | threesome |
LOL | lots of luck / laughing out loud |
|
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